Question 1

Which of the following enzymes is/are important for the metabolism of catecholamines?

Accepted Answer

A) Tyrosine hydroxylase 
B) Monoamine oxidase 
C) Acetylcholinesterase 
D) Both tyrosine hydroxylase and monoamine oxidase are correct 
E) All of the choices are correct 
A) Tyrosine hydroxylase 
B) Monoamine oxidase 
C) Acetylcholinesterase 
D) Both tyrosine hydroxylase and monoamine oxidase are correct 
E) All of the choices are correct

Question 2

The equilibrium potential of K ions in nerve cells is about -90 mV.The membrane potential of typical nerve cells at rest is -70 mV.Therefore

Accepted Answer

A) Increasing the permeability of a resting neuronal membrane to K ions will increase the membrane potential (that is, make it more negative, inside with respect to outside) 
B) In nerve cells at rest, there is a net diffusion of K ions out of the cell 
C) Increasing the membrane potential of a nerve cell would slow the diffusion of K ions out of it 
D) Potassium is not the only permeant ion at rest 
E) All of the choices are true 
A) Increasing the permeability of a resting neuronal membrane to K ions will increase the membrane potential (that is, make it more negative, inside with respect to outside) 
B) In nerve cells at rest, there is a net diffusion of K ions out of the cell 
C) Increasing the membrane potential of a nerve cell would slow the diffusion of K ions out of it 
D) Potassium is not the only permeant ion at rest 
E) All of the choices are true

Question 3

Although nerve cells in each cerebral hemisphere make connections with other cells in the same hemisphere,there is no crossover of information between the two hemispheres.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is arranged so that it acts largely as a unit,whereas the components of the parasympathetic division generally act independently.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Exocytosis of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft is triggered by an influx of ______ in response to the arrival of an action potential in the axon terminal.

Accepted Answer

A) K+ 
B) Na+ 
C) Ca2+ 
D) ATP 
E) Cl- 
A) K+ 
B) Na+ 
C) Ca2+ 
D) ATP 
E) Cl-

Question 6

Which of the following characteristics is not attributed to the sympathetic division of the ANS?

Accepted Answer

A) Preganglionic neurons tend to be long, with the ganglion located in or near the effector target tissue(s) 
B) Preganglionic neurons are short and synapse in ganglia located near the spinal cord 
C) Preganglionic neurons release acetylcholine at synapses with postganglionic neurons 
D) Postganglionic neurons release norepinephrine at their neuroeffector junctions 
E) Postganglionic neuron cell bodies are located in the collateral chain ganglia or vertebral ganglia 
A) Preganglionic neurons tend to be long, with the ganglion located in or near the effector target tissue(s) 
B) Preganglionic neurons are short and synapse in ganglia located near the spinal cord 
C) Preganglionic neurons release acetylcholine at synapses with postganglionic neurons 
D) Postganglionic neurons release norepinephrine at their neuroeffector junctions 
E) Postganglionic neuron cell bodies are located in the collateral chain ganglia or vertebral ganglia

Question 7

The membrane potential of most neurons at rest is

Accepted Answer

A) Equal to the equilibrium potential of potassium ion 
B) Equal to the equilibrium potential of sodium ion 
C) Slightly more negative than the equilibrium potential of potassium ion 
D) Slightly more positive than the equilibrium potential of potassium ion 
E) Both equal to the equilibrium potential of sodium ion and slightly more negative than the equilibrium potential of potassium ion 
A) Equal to the equilibrium potential of potassium ion 
B) Equal to the equilibrium potential of sodium ion 
C) Slightly more negative than the equilibrium potential of potassium ion 
D) Slightly more positive than the equilibrium potential of potassium ion 
E) Both equal to the equilibrium potential of sodium ion and slightly more negative than the equilibrium potential of potassium ion

Question 8

Two neurons joined by an electric synapse function as a single neuron.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

During a high-frequency burst of action potentials down an axon,the amount of neurotransmitter released with each action potential increases (for a finite time).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the following statements about EPSPs is false?

Accepted Answer

A) They are produced by the opening of chemically regulated sodium channels 
B) They can be conducted only a short distance 
C) They are depolarizing 
D) They are able to summate 
E) Their amplitude is all-or-none 
A) They are produced by the opening of chemically regulated sodium channels 
B) They can be conducted only a short distance 
C) They are depolarizing 
D) They are able to summate 
E) Their amplitude is all-or-none

Question 11

When an axon is stimulated to threshold,the voltage-gated

Accepted Answer

A) K+ channels open before the voltage-gated Na+ channels 
B) Na+ channels are activated and then inactivated 
C) K+ channels open at the same time as the voltage-gated Na+ channels 
D) K+ channels are opened when Na+ binds to the channel 
E) All of the choices are correct 
A) K+ channels open before the voltage-gated Na+ channels 
B) Na+ channels are activated and then inactivated 
C) K+ channels open at the same time as the voltage-gated Na+ channels 
D) K+ channels are opened when Na+ binds to the channel 
E) All of the choices are correct

Question 12

Which of the following is not true of glial cells?

Accepted Answer

A) They form the myelin for axons 
B) Neurons outnumber glial cells 10 to 1 in the nervous system 
C) They deliver fuel molecules to neurons and remove the waste products of metabolism 
D) They are important for the growth and development of the nervous system 
E) They regulate the composition of the extracellular fluid in the CNS 
A) They form the myelin for axons 
B) Neurons outnumber glial cells 10 to 1 in the nervous system 
C) They deliver fuel molecules to neurons and remove the waste products of metabolism 
D) They are important for the growth and development of the nervous system 
E) They regulate the composition of the extracellular fluid in the CNS

Question 13

If the concentration of ATP were depleted in a typical nerve cell,the

Accepted Answer

A) Resting membrane potential would increase (become more negative) 
B) Resting membrane potential would decrease (become less negative) 
C) Concentration gradient for Na+ would remain the same 
D) Resting membrane potential would eventually become positive inside with respect to outside 
E) None of the choices are correct 
A) Resting membrane potential would increase (become more negative) 
B) Resting membrane potential would decrease (become less negative) 
C) Concentration gradient for Na+ would remain the same 
D) Resting membrane potential would eventually become positive inside with respect to outside 
E) None of the choices are correct

Question 14

Amplitude independent of stimulus strength describes

Accepted Answer

A) Graded potentials 
B) Action potentials 
C) Both graded potentials and action potentials 
D) Neither graded potentials nor action potentials 
A) Graded potentials 
B) Action potentials 
C) Both graded potentials and action potentials 
D) Neither graded potentials nor action potentials

Question 15

Synthesis of neuropeptides differs from that of other neurotransmitters because it

Accepted Answer

A) Takes place in the axon terminals of neurons 
B) Takes place in the cell bodies of neurons 
C) Involves synthesis of precursor molecules 
D) Both takes place in the axon terminals of neurons and involves synthesis of precursor molecules are correct 
E) Both takes place in the cell bodies of neurons and involves synthesis of precursor molecules are correct 
A) Takes place in the axon terminals of neurons 
B) Takes place in the cell bodies of neurons 
C) Involves synthesis of precursor molecules 
D) Both takes place in the axon terminals of neurons and involves synthesis of precursor molecules are correct 
E) Both takes place in the cell bodies of neurons and involves synthesis of precursor molecules are correct

Question 16

Have a threshold describes

Accepted Answer

A) Graded potentials 
B) Action potentials 
C) Both graded potentials and action potentials 
D) Neither graded potentials nor action potentials 
A) Graded potentials 
B) Action potentials 
C) Both graded potentials and action potentials 
D) Neither graded potentials nor action potentials

Question 17

An action potential does not restimulate the adjacent membrane that was previously depolarized because

Accepted Answer

A) Stimulation is inhibited by the myelin sheath 
B) It is impossible for an action potential to be propagated along an axon toward the nerve cell body 
C) The resting membrane potential of the axon is too high 
D) The resting membrane potential of the axon is too low 
E) This area of membrane is absolutely refractory to depolarization 
A) Stimulation is inhibited by the myelin sheath 
B) It is impossible for an action potential to be propagated along an axon toward the nerve cell body 
C) The resting membrane potential of the axon is too high 
D) The resting membrane potential of the axon is too low 
E) This area of membrane is absolutely refractory to depolarization

Question 18

The region of the brain most closely associated with homeostasis and survival of the individual is

Accepted Answer

A) The thalamus 
B) The hippocampus 
C) The cerebrum 
D) The cerebellum 
E) The hypothalamus 
A) The thalamus 
B) The hippocampus 
C) The cerebrum 
D) The cerebellum 
E) The hypothalamus

Question 19

The role of calcium ion at chemical synapses is to

Accepted Answer

A) Depolarize the axon terminal of the presynaptic cell 
B) Bind to neurotransmitter receptors on the postsynaptic cell 
C) Cause fusion of synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane of the axon terminal 
D) Interfere with IPSPs in the postsynaptic cell 
E) All of the choices are correct 
A) Depolarize the axon terminal of the presynaptic cell 
B) Bind to neurotransmitter receptors on the postsynaptic cell 
C) Cause fusion of synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane of the axon terminal 
D) Interfere with IPSPs in the postsynaptic cell 
E) All of the choices are correct

Question 20

The diffusion potential for Na+ across a nerve cell membrane

Accepted Answer

A) Favors its movement into the cell at resting potential 
B) Favors its movement out of the cell at resting potential 
C) Is equal and opposite to the electrical potential acting on sodium at resting potential 
D) Is in the same direction as the diffusion potential for potassium 
E) Both favors its movement into the cell at resting potential and is equal and opposite to the electrical potential acting on sodium at resting potential are correct 
A) Favors its movement into the cell at resting potential 
B) Favors its movement out of the cell at resting potential 
C) Is equal and opposite to the electrical potential acting on sodium at resting potential 
D) Is in the same direction as the diffusion potential for potassium 
E) Both favors its movement into the cell at resting potential and is equal and opposite to the electrical potential acting on sodium at resting potential are correct

Which of the following enzymes is/are important for the metabolism of catecholamines?

The equilibrium potential of K ions in nerve cells is about -90 mV.The membrane potential of typical nerve cells at rest is -70 mV.Therefore

Although nerve cells in each cerebral hemisphere make connections with other cells in the same hemisphere,there is no crossover of information between the two hemispheres.

The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is arranged so that it acts largely as a unit,whereas the components of the parasympathetic division generally act independently.

Exocytosis of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft is triggered by an influx of ______ in response to the arrival of an action potential in the axon terminal.

Which of the following characteristics is not attributed to the sympathetic division of the ANS?

The membrane potential of most neurons at rest is

Two neurons joined by an electric synapse function as a single neuron.

During a high-frequency burst of action potentials down an axon,the amount of neurotransmitter released with each action potential increases (for a finite time).

Which of the following statements about EPSPs is false?

When an axon is stimulated to threshold,the voltage-gated

Which of the following is not true of glial cells?

If the concentration of ATP were depleted in a typical nerve cell,the

Amplitude independent of stimulus strength describes

Synthesis of neuropeptides differs from that of other neurotransmitters because it

Have a threshold describes

An action potential does not restimulate the adjacent membrane that was previously depolarized because

The region of the brain most closely associated with homeostasis and survival of the individual is

The role of calcium ion at chemical synapses is to

The diffusion potential for Na⁺ across a nerve cell membrane

Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body

Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolism

Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Control of Cells by Chemical Messengers

Sensory Physiology

Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

The Endocrine System

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Reproduction

The Immune System

Medical Physiology: Integration Using Clinical Cases

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Exam 6: Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Which of the following enzymes is/are important for the metabolism of catecholamines?

The equilibrium potential of K ions in nerve cells is about -90 mV.The membrane potential of typical nerve cells at rest is -70 mV.Therefore

Although nerve cells in each cerebral hemisphere make connections with other cells in the same hemisphere,there is no crossover of information between the two hemispheres.

The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is arranged so that it acts largely as a unit,whereas the components of the parasympathetic division generally act independently.

Exocytosis of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft is triggered by an influx of ______ in response to the arrival of an action potential in the axon terminal.

Which of the following characteristics is not attributed to the sympathetic division of the ANS?

The membrane potential of most neurons at rest is

Two neurons joined by an electric synapse function as a single neuron.

During a high-frequency burst of action potentials down an axon,the amount of neurotransmitter released with each action potential increases (for a finite time).

Which of the following statements about EPSPs is false?

When an axon is stimulated to threshold,the voltage-gated

Which of the following is not true of glial cells?

If the concentration of ATP were depleted in a typical nerve cell,the

Amplitude independent of stimulus strength describes

Synthesis of neuropeptides differs from that of other neurotransmitters because it

Have a threshold describes

An action potential does not restimulate the adjacent membrane that was previously depolarized because

The region of the brain most closely associated with homeostasis and survival of the individual is

The role of calcium ion at chemical synapses is to

The diffusion potential for Na+ across a nerve cell membrane

Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body

Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolism

Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Control of Cells by Chemical Messengers

Sensory Physiology

Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

The Endocrine System

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Reproduction

The Immune System

Medical Physiology: Integration Using Clinical Cases

Filters

The diffusion potential for Na⁺ across a nerve cell membrane