Exam 9: Principles of Research Design and Statistical Preliminaries for Analyzing Bivariate Relationships

What is a confounding variable and how can they be controlled?

Since random assignment cannot be applied to experimental groups,experimental variables will always be confounded with all other variables that are naturally related to them.

Random assignment guarantees that the research groups will not differ beforehand on the dependent variable.

Dr.Belair is studying the effects of noise exposure on the occurrence of headaches.He exposes 20 subjects to a constant noise in their work environment and asks them to record their headaches.The next week he uses the same subjects without exposing them to noise and measures the number of headaches the subject's record. A.Independent variable noise/ no noise: dependent Variable is the number of headaches subject's experience A.What is Dr.Belair's independent variable & Dependent Variable? B.She is using a within-subjects design B.What type of design is Dr.Belair using?

An advantage of matching over holding a variable constant is that

A disturbance variable

When studying the relationship between two variables,the investigator is essentially interested in determining how the different values of one variable are associated with the values of another variable.

Comparing the relationship happiness and owning a pet is _____.

Dr.Chin is studying the effect of lysine on memory.He gives one group lysine and the other subjects a placebo.He is using a____________________.

On what basis are we able to make a causal inference about the relationship between variables?

A disturbance variable increases sampling error by increasing variability within groups.

If you are measure how satisfied they are with their marriage you may want to ____________________couples on the amount of time they've been married.

Comparing the time it takes to develop a solution to a problem,in subjects given a study guide before the problem is given compared with those not given a study guide is _____.

A developmental psychologist's is studying at what age children develop a fear of strangers.She studies infants at 2 months old (n=8)and than again at 6 months old (n=8)and measures how fearful they are to strangers.Using a scale of (0=no fear to 5=very afraid).What type of experimental design is she using?

With the technique of matching,an individual in one group is "matched" with an individual in each of the other groups such that all of these individuals have the same value on the independent variable.

If a researcher randomly places subjects in a high,medium,or no stress condition,then the control condition is _____.

In a(n)_____design,an individual in one condition is paired with a different individual in another condition who has similar characteristics.

Which of the following does not apply to a within-subjects design?

Robustness refers to the extent to which conclusions drawn on the basis of a statistical test (for example,rejection of the null hypothesis)are unaffected by violations of the assumptions underlying the test.

One potential problem with within-subjects designs is the fact that the treatment in the first condition may have _____ effects that influence performance in the second condition.