Exam 9: Principles of Research Design and Statistical Preliminaries for Analyzing Bivariate Relationships

The within-subjects design can offer considerably more experimental control than the between-subjects design.

In practice,it is often difficult to identify appropriate variables to serve as a basis for matching,and,once identified,to readily complete the matching process.

The normality and homogeneity of variance assumptions relate only to samples,not to the populations from which the samples were drawn.

It is possible that 2 variables can appear to be related to each other but there is no causal relationship.

Since random assignment cannot be applied to observational groups,observational independent variables will always be _____ with all other variables that are naturally related to them.

_____ statistics focus on differences between distributions of scores and can be used to analyze quantitative variables that are measured on an _____level.

Distinguish between an experimental strategy and an observational strategy.

A common strategy to control disturbance variables is (are):

_____ statistics tend to focus on medians,interquartile ranges,and ordinal level measures.

Dr.Johnson hypothesizes that nutrasweet reduces short-term memory.In order to test her hypothesis she gives 10 subjects a beverage containing nutrasweet (treatment group)and 10 subjects a beverage without nutrasweet (control group).She then measures the subject's ability to recall a list of numbers.In this study the independent variable is_______and the dependent variable is______.

The technique of placing comparable subjects in all experimental groups in an attempt to control tor confounding variables is called ____.

The experimenter will manipulate the_____.

Random assignment is feasible only when an investigator is using a manipulative experimental strategy to "create" values on an independent variable.

Distinguish between parametric and nonparametric statistics.

Random assignment is an effective method for controlling confounding variables defined by individual differences.

Another term used for within-subjects design is ____________________.

The advantage of including a control group when utilizing an experimental strategy is that it provides a _____ for evaluating the effects of the experimental manipulation.

If a researcher administers either 0 mg,10 mg,or 20 mg of a drug to subjects in an experiment,then the group of subjects receiving the 0 mg treatment is best thought of as a(n)____.

The main difference between parametric & nonparametric statistics is that parametric statistics:

One potential problem with between-subjects designs is the fact that the treatment in the first condition may have carry-over effects that influence performance in the second condition.