Question 1

Bounded rationality advocates:

Accepted Answer

A) pick the alternative that minimizes value. 
B) evaluate all alternatives simultaneously. 
C) use accurate information to evaluate alternatives. 
D) develop an exhaustive list of alternatives to consider as solutions. 
E) choose the first acceptable alternativE.Bounded rationality is the notion that decision makers simply do not have the ability or resources to process all available information and alternatives to make an optimal decision.Bounded rationality says that we are likely to pick the first acceptable alternative. 
A) pick the alternative that minimizes value. 
B) evaluate all alternatives simultaneously. 
C) use accurate information to evaluate alternatives. 
D) develop an exhaustive list of alternatives to consider as solutions. 
E) choose the first acceptable alternativE.Bounded rationality is the notion that decision makers simply do not have the ability or resources to process all available information and alternatives to make an optimal decision.Bounded rationality says that we are likely to pick the first acceptable alternative. E

Question 2

Compare and contrast rational decision making and bounded rationality.

Accepted Answer

The rational decision-making model offers a step-by-step approach to making decisions that maximize outcomes by examining all available alternatives.Bounded rationality is the notion that decision makers simply do not have the ability or resources to process all available information and alternatives to make an optimal decision.

Question 3

United Motors is facing shortage of funds and has decided to implement the piece-rate system of payment.This way the workers who perform better will get higher wages and it would not be a huge burden on the company's bank account.Which of the following methods of reinforcement schedules has United Motors implemented?

Accepted Answer

A) Continuous 
B) Fixed interval 
C) Variable ratio 
D) Variable interval 
E) Fixed ratio 
A) Continuous 
B) Fixed interval 
C) Variable ratio 
D) Variable interval 
E) Fixed ratio E

Question 4

Which of the following is the first step in the behavior modeling process?

Accepted Answer

A) Reinforcement 
B) Production processes 
C) Attentional processes 
D) Retention processes 
E) Extinction 
A) Reinforcement 
B) Production processes 
C) Attentional processes 
D) Retention processes 
E) Extinction

Question 5

Which two contingencies of reinforcement are designed to decrease undesired behaviors?

Accepted Answer

A) Punishment and extinction 
B) Positive reinforcement and punishment 
C) Punishment and negative reinforcement 
D) Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement 
E) Negative reinforcement and extinction 
A) Punishment and extinction 
B) Positive reinforcement and punishment 
C) Punishment and negative reinforcement 
D) Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement 
E) Negative reinforcement and extinction

Question 6

Albert is the manager of a large retail store.He has the authority to appoint employees in the store.The store does not have a specialized human resource executive and Albert himself conducts selection interviews.Albert has not received any training on selection and recruitment.This often leads to selection errors.Albert does not prepare in advance for interviews.He asks questions that come to his mind easily during interviews.This indicates _____.

Accepted Answer

A) availability bias 
B) bandwagon effect 
C) self-fulfilling prophecy 
D) projection bias 
E) social identification 
A) availability bias 
B) bandwagon effect 
C) self-fulfilling prophecy 
D) projection bias 
E) social identification

Question 7

Which of these occurs when the knowledge, skills, and behaviors used on the job are maintained by the learner once training ends and generalized to the workplace once the learner returns to the job?

Accepted Answer

A) Heuristics 
B) Communities of practice 
C) Illusion of control 
D) Transfer of training 
E) Attribution anchoring 
A) Heuristics 
B) Communities of practice 
C) Illusion of control 
D) Transfer of training 
E) Attribution anchoring

Question 8

_____ occurs when an unwanted outcome is removed following a desired behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) Reverse discrimination 
B) Retribution 
C) Extinction 
D) Punishment 
E) Negative reinforcement 
A) Reverse discrimination 
B) Retribution 
C) Extinction 
D) Punishment 
E) Negative reinforcement

Question 9

A new, complex, and unrecognized situation calls for:

Accepted Answer

A) structured decisions. 
B) external decisions. 
C) direct decisions. 
D) nonprogrammed decisions. 
E) irrational decisions. 
A) structured decisions. 
B) external decisions. 
C) direct decisions. 
D) nonprogrammed decisions. 
E) irrational decisions.

Question 10

The workers at Snack Time are always on their feet and do not take extra long breaks because their supervisor Mr.Dan pays surprise visits to the production department.This practice helps the firm exceed performance targets.Mr.Dan practices which of the following reinforcement schedules?

Accepted Answer

A) Variable ratio schedule 
B) Fixed interval schedule 
C) Continuous schedule 
D) Variable interval schedule 
E) Fixed ratio schedule 
A) Variable ratio schedule 
B) Fixed interval schedule 
C) Continuous schedule 
D) Variable interval schedule 
E) Fixed ratio schedule

Question 11

Explicit knowledge is what employees can typically learn only through experience.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Define the term heuristic.

Accepted Answer

Heuristics are simple, efficie

Question 13

Performance-oriented individuals enjoy working on new kinds of tasks, even if they fail during their early experiences.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

True learning only occurs when:

Accepted Answer

A) employees avoid mimicking the behaviors of experts. 
B) experts also pretend to be novices. 
C) changes in behavior become relatively permanent. 
D) employees are assigned larger responsibilities. 
E) learned behaviors are not repeated over timE.True learning only occurs when changes in behavior become relatively permanent and are repeated over time.Understanding why some employees prove better at this than others requires understanding what exactly employees learn and how they do it. 
A) employees avoid mimicking the behaviors of experts. 
B) experts also pretend to be novices. 
C) changes in behavior become relatively permanent. 
D) employees are assigned larger responsibilities. 
E) learned behaviors are not repeated over timE.True learning only occurs when changes in behavior become relatively permanent and are repeated over time.Understanding why some employees prove better at this than others requires understanding what exactly employees learn and how they do it.

Question 15

Projection bias causes problems in decision making because it limits our ability to develop appropriate criteria for a decision and evaluate decisions carefully.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Decision making reflects relatively permanent changes in an employee's knowledge or skills that result from experience.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Escalation of commitment refers to the decision to continue to follow a failing course of action.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

_____ refers to the decision to continue to follow a failing course of action.

Accepted Answer

A) Availability bias 
B) Confirmation bias 
C) Escalation of commitment 
D) Gambler's fallacy 
E) Halo effect 
A) Availability bias 
B) Confirmation bias 
C) Escalation of commitment 
D) Gambler's fallacy 
E) Halo effect

Question 19

Which schedule reinforces behaviors after a certain number of them have been exhibited?

Accepted Answer

A) Continuous 
B) Variable interval 
C) Variable ratio 
D) Fixed ratio 
E) Fixed interval 
A) Continuous 
B) Variable interval 
C) Variable ratio 
D) Fixed ratio 
E) Fixed interval

Question 20

Explicit knowledge _____.

Accepted Answer

A) is highly personal in nature 
B) cannot be articulated to others 
C) is job and situation-specific 
D) contains conscious and accessible information 
E) is based on employees' experience 
A) is highly personal in nature 
B) cannot be articulated to others 
C) is job and situation-specific 
D) contains conscious and accessible information 
E) is based on employees' experience

Bounded rationality advocates:

Compare and contrast rational decision making and bounded rationality.

Which of the following is the first step in the behavior modeling process?

Which two contingencies of reinforcement are designed to decrease undesired behaviors?

Which of these occurs when the knowledge, skills, and behaviors used on the job are maintained by the learner once training ends and generalized to the workplace once the learner returns to the job?

_____ occurs when an unwanted outcome is removed following a desired behavior.

A new, complex, and unrecognized situation calls for:

The workers at Snack Time are always on their feet and do not take extra long breaks because their supervisor Mr.Dan pays surprise visits to the production department.This practice helps the firm exceed performance targets.Mr.Dan practices which of the following reinforcement schedules?

Explicit knowledge is what employees can typically learn only through experience.

Define the term heuristic.

Performance-oriented individuals enjoy working on new kinds of tasks, even if they fail during their early experiences.

True learning only occurs when:

Projection bias causes problems in decision making because it limits our ability to develop appropriate criteria for a decision and evaluate decisions carefully.

Decision making reflects relatively permanent changes in an employee's knowledge or skills that result from experience.

Escalation of commitment refers to the decision to continue to follow a failing course of action.

_____ refers to the decision to continue to follow a failing course of action.

Which schedule reinforces behaviors after a certain number of them have been exhibited?

Explicit knowledge _____.

What Is Organizational Behavior

Job Performance

Organizational Commitment

Job Satisfaction

Stress

Motivation

Trust, Justice, and Ethics

Personality and Cultural Values

Ability

Teams: Characteristics and Diversity

Teams: Processes and Communication

Leadership: Power and Negotiation

Leadership: Styles and Behaviors

Organizational Structure

Organizational Culture

Filters

Exam 8: Learning and Decision Making

Bounded rationality advocates:

Compare and contrast rational decision making and bounded rationality.

Which of the following is the first step in the behavior modeling process?

Which two contingencies of reinforcement are designed to decrease undesired behaviors?

Which of these occurs when the knowledge, skills, and behaviors used on the job are maintained by the learner once training ends and generalized to the workplace once the learner returns to the job?

_____ occurs when an unwanted outcome is removed following a desired behavior.

A new, complex, and unrecognized situation calls for:

The workers at Snack Time are always on their feet and do not take extra long breaks because their supervisor Mr.Dan pays surprise visits to the production department.This practice helps the firm exceed performance targets.Mr.Dan practices which of the following reinforcement schedules?

Explicit knowledge is what employees can typically learn only through experience.

Define the term heuristic.

Performance-oriented individuals enjoy working on new kinds of tasks, even if they fail during their early experiences.

True learning only occurs when:

Projection bias causes problems in decision making because it limits our ability to develop appropriate criteria for a decision and evaluate decisions carefully.

Decision making reflects relatively permanent changes in an employee's knowledge or skills that result from experience.

Escalation of commitment refers to the decision to continue to follow a failing course of action.

_____ refers to the decision to continue to follow a failing course of action.

Which schedule reinforces behaviors after a certain number of them have been exhibited?

Explicit knowledge _____.

What Is Organizational Behavior

Job Performance

Organizational Commitment

Job Satisfaction

Stress

Motivation

Trust, Justice, and Ethics

Personality and Cultural Values

Ability

Teams: Characteristics and Diversity

Teams: Processes and Communication

Leadership: Power and Negotiation

Leadership: Styles and Behaviors

Organizational Structure

Organizational Culture

Filters