Question 1

For Zwingli,the Eucharist:

Accepted Answer

A)  offered Christ's real presence through the communion elements. 
B)  was an important commemoration of Christ's historical sacrifice on the cross. 
C)  was the one Roman Catholic sacrament that did not need to be reformed. 
D)  was a corrupt rite that no longer needed to be celebrated in Christian churches. 
E)  was a sacrament that had no basis in Scripture. 
A)  offered Christ's real presence through the communion elements. 
B)  was an important commemoration of Christ's historical sacrifice on the cross. 
C)  was the one Roman Catholic sacrament that did not need to be reformed. 
D)  was a corrupt rite that no longer needed to be celebrated in Christian churches. 
E)  was a sacrament that had no basis in Scripture.

Question 2

One of the most famous mystics who aided in the reform of the Church in the sixteenth century was:

Accepted Answer

A)  Teresa of Avila. 
B)  Hildegard of Bingen. 
C)  Francis Xavier. 
D)  Teresa of the Andes. 
E)  Katharina von Bora. 
A)  Teresa of Avila. 
B)  Hildegard of Bingen. 
C)  Francis Xavier. 
D)  Teresa of the Andes. 
E)  Katharina von Bora.

Question 3

Luther's religious reforms included all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  reducing the number of sacraments from seven to two. 
B)  denying that Christ was truly present at the Lord's Supper. 
C)  changing the language used for worship in Germany from Latin to German. 
D)  allowing priests to marry. 
E)  belief in the absolute authority of Scripture. 
A)  reducing the number of sacraments from seven to two. 
B)  denying that Christ was truly present at the Lord's Supper. 
C)  changing the language used for worship in Germany from Latin to German. 
D)  allowing priests to marry. 
E)  belief in the absolute authority of Scripture.

Question 4

The Index of Prohibited Books included works by the Catholic humanist Erasmus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Aside from religious motivations,many free cities in the Holy Roman Empire found Lutheranism appealing because:

Accepted Answer

A)  free cities possessed enough military power to ignore the dictates of local princes and the Holy Roman Emperor. 
B)  Lutherans supported the construction of new monasteries,which enhanced the wealth and prestige of the merchant class. 
C)  town councils and guild masters could use reforms as a way to oppose local aristocrats and bishops. 
D)  Catholic dogma had never been too appealing to educated urban elites. 
E)  Lutheranism taught the same basic beliefs as the merchants of the free cities did in their guilds. 
A)  free cities possessed enough military power to ignore the dictates of local princes and the Holy Roman Emperor. 
B)  Lutherans supported the construction of new monasteries,which enhanced the wealth and prestige of the merchant class. 
C)  town councils and guild masters could use reforms as a way to oppose local aristocrats and bishops. 
D)  Catholic dogma had never been too appealing to educated urban elites. 
E)  Lutheranism taught the same basic beliefs as the merchants of the free cities did in their guilds.

Question 6

Luther believed that works of piety and charity were:

Accepted Answer

A)  vital acts that determined a Christian's state before God. 
B)  not important in the life of a Christian. 
C)  the natural outgrowth of justification and Christian devotion. 
D)  unnecessary after Pope Sixtus IV more clearly defined the Treasury of Merits. 
E)  were only necessary for unbelievers who wanted a chance at salvation. 
A)  vital acts that determined a Christian's state before God. 
B)  not important in the life of a Christian. 
C)  the natural outgrowth of justification and Christian devotion. 
D)  unnecessary after Pope Sixtus IV more clearly defined the Treasury of Merits. 
E)  were only necessary for unbelievers who wanted a chance at salvation.

Question 7

How were the Jesuits used as a tool for fighting Protestantism?

Accepted Answer

The Jesuits were an army of soldiers for

Question 8

In Catholicism,the Bible and the traditions of apostolic teachings are of equal authority.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

In the year 1500,the social and economic prospects of Europe were:

Accepted Answer

A)  rising,spurred by thriving monastic orders and the influential reforms of conclavist thinkers. 
B)  rising,spurred by commercial expansion and a new religious enthusiasm among the laity. 
C)  declining,weakened by destabilized national monarchies and a falling population. 
D)  declining,weakened by a papacy with no support from the major European rulers. 
E)  relatively unchanged from the two prior centuries. 
A)  rising,spurred by thriving monastic orders and the influential reforms of conclavist thinkers. 
B)  rising,spurred by commercial expansion and a new religious enthusiasm among the laity. 
C)  declining,weakened by destabilized national monarchies and a falling population. 
D)  declining,weakened by a papacy with no support from the major European rulers. 
E)  relatively unchanged from the two prior centuries.

Question 10

Indulgences are special remissions of the penitential obligations imposed on Christians by their priests.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The only success in Queen Mary's counterrevolution was the capture of Calais.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Protestants believed that people were naturally good.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The Counter-Reformation drew its inspiration primarily from:

Accepted Answer

A)  the Society of Jesus. 
B)  Christian humanism. 
C)  monastic reformers. 
D)  laypeople. 
E)  the papacy. 
A)  the Society of Jesus. 
B)  Christian humanism. 
C)  monastic reformers. 
D)  laypeople. 
E)  the papacy.

Question 14

Luther received support from German princes for a number of reasons,such as:

Accepted Answer

A)  the economic impact of the confiscation of Church lands. 
B)  their ability to enforce the religion of Luther in their lands. 
C)  the political advantage they would gain from turning away from Rome. 
D)  the personal religious beliefs of the individual princes. 
E)  all of these 
A)  the economic impact of the confiscation of Church lands. 
B)  their ability to enforce the religion of Luther in their lands. 
C)  the political advantage they would gain from turning away from Rome. 
D)  the personal religious beliefs of the individual princes. 
E)  all of these

Question 15

One reason why Luther was able to win great public support for his position was the introduction of:

Accepted Answer

A)  new sacraments into his religious worship. 
B)  printed pamphlets to disseminate his views. 
C)  married clergy. 
D)  additional feast days into the religious calendar. 
E)  redistribution of Church lands to the peasants. 
A)  new sacraments into his religious worship. 
B)  printed pamphlets to disseminate his views. 
C)  married clergy. 
D)  additional feast days into the religious calendar. 
E)  redistribution of Church lands to the peasants.

Question 16

Why was Mary's attempt at a Counter-Reformation unsuccessful?

Accepted Answer

While many people had likely looked to M

Question 17

When Henry VIII broke with the Church of Rome,it was over his desire to marry:

Accepted Answer

A)  Anne Boleyn. 
B)  Catherine of Aragon. 
C)  Katharina von Bora. 
D)  Mary Tudor. 
E)  Catherine Parr. 
A)  Anne Boleyn. 
B)  Catherine of Aragon. 
C)  Katharina von Bora. 
D)  Mary Tudor. 
E)  Catherine Parr.

Question 18

Henry VIII wanted his marriage to Catherine annulled on the formal charge that she had been his brother's wife.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Protestantism took hold and spread initially:

Accepted Answer

A)  only in the German territories. 
B)  in Germany and then in southern Europe. 
C)  in Germany and then mostly in northern Europe. 
D)  in Germany and then it spread into eastern Europe. 
E)  in central Europe and then to the Americas. 
A)  only in the German territories. 
B)  in Germany and then in southern Europe. 
C)  in Germany and then mostly in northern Europe. 
D)  in Germany and then it spread into eastern Europe. 
E)  in central Europe and then to the Americas.

Question 20

In comparison to Lutheranism,Calvinism was much more:

Accepted Answer

A)  hierarchical in its structures of church government. 
B)  emotional in its piety. 
C)  passive toward the world and its problems. 
D)  authoritarian with respect to personal conduct and morality. 
E)  relaxed in its imposition of morality on individuals. 
A)  hierarchical in its structures of church government. 
B)  emotional in its piety. 
C)  passive toward the world and its problems. 
D)  authoritarian with respect to personal conduct and morality. 
E)  relaxed in its imposition of morality on individuals.

Exam 13: The Age of Dissent and Division,1500–1600

For Zwingli,the Eucharist:

One of the most famous mystics who aided in the reform of the Church in the sixteenth century was:

Luther's religious reforms included all of the following EXCEPT:

The Index of Prohibited Books included works by the Catholic humanist Erasmus.

Aside from religious motivations,many free cities in the Holy Roman Empire found Lutheranism appealing because:

Luther believed that works of piety and charity were:

How were the Jesuits used as a tool for fighting Protestantism?

In Catholicism,the Bible and the traditions of apostolic teachings are of equal authority.

In the year 1500,the social and economic prospects of Europe were:

Indulgences are special remissions of the penitential obligations imposed on Christians by their priests.

The only success in Queen Mary's counterrevolution was the capture of Calais.

Protestants believed that people were naturally good.

The Counter-Reformation drew its inspiration primarily from:

Luther received support from German princes for a number of reasons,such as:

One reason why Luther was able to win great public support for his position was the introduction of:

Why was Mary's attempt at a Counter-Reformation unsuccessful?

When Henry VIII broke with the Church of Rome,it was over his desire to marry:

Henry VIII wanted his marriage to Catherine annulled on the formal charge that she had been his brother's wife.

Protestantism took hold and spread initially:

In comparison to Lutheranism,Calvinism was much more:

Early Civilizations

Peoples, gods ,and Empires: 1700–500 B.C.E

The Civilization of Greece,1000–400 B.C.E

The Greek World Expands,400–150 B.C.E

The Civilization of Ancient Rome

The Transformation of Rome

Rome’s Three Heirs: 500–950

The Expansion of Europe,950–1100

The Consolidation of Europe,1100–1300

Crisis,unrest,and Opportunity,1300–1500

Commerce,conquest,and Colonization,1300–1600

Renaissance Ideals and Realities,c.1350–1550

Religion,warfare,and Sovereignty,1540–1660

Absolutism and Empire,1660–1789

The New Science of the Seventeenth Century

The Enlightenment

The French Revolution

The Industrial Revolution and Nineteenth-century Society

From Restoration to Revolution,1815–1848

What is a Nation? Territories ,states , and Citizens,1848–1871

Imperialism and Colonialism,1870–1914

Modern Industry and Mass Politics,1870–1914

The First World War

Turmoil Between the Wars

The Second World War

The Cold War World: Global Politics,economic Recovery,and Cultural Change

Red Flags and Velvet Revolutions: the End of the Cold War,1960–1990

A World Without Walls: Globalization and the West

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