Question 1

Topoisomerase and helicase have distinct functions that include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Topoisomerase is responsible for unwinding the double helix (separating strands). 
B) Helicase is responsible for unwinding the double helix (separating strands). 
C) Helicase relieves supercoiling that occurs in front of the replication fork. 
D) The enzymes have nearly identical activities but are located at different sites during DNA replication. 
E) These enzymes are nearly identical but have been given distinct names. 
A) Topoisomerase is responsible for unwinding the double helix (separating strands). 
B) Helicase is responsible for unwinding the double helix (separating strands). 
C) Helicase relieves supercoiling that occurs in front of the replication fork. 
D) The enzymes have nearly identical activities but are located at different sites during DNA replication. 
E) These enzymes are nearly identical but have been given distinct names. B

Question 2

Of the three key building blocks of DNA,which type(s)of building block is/are structurally different in RNA molecules?

Accepted Answer

A) phosphate 
B) deoxyribose 
C) nitrogenous bases 
D) both deoxyribose and nitrogenous bases 
E) All of the answer options are correct. 
A) phosphate 
B) deoxyribose 
C) nitrogenous bases 
D) both deoxyribose and nitrogenous bases 
E) All of the answer options are correct. D

Question 3

Which statement best describes the arrangement of components in a DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) Nucleotides are located toward the outside of the strands and phosphates toward the interior. 
B) Nucleotides are located toward the inside of the strands and the phosphates toward the outside. 
C) Nucleotides,as well as the phosphates,are located toward the inside of the strands. 
D) Nucleotides,as well as the phosphates,are located toward the outside of the strands. 
A) Nucleotides are located toward the outside of the strands and phosphates toward the interior. 
B) Nucleotides are located toward the inside of the strands and the phosphates toward the outside. 
C) Nucleotides,as well as the phosphates,are located toward the inside of the strands. 
D) Nucleotides,as well as the phosphates,are located toward the outside of the strands. B

Question 4

Chargaff's rules do NOT hold for which of the following genome types?

Accepted Answer

A) yeast 
B) bacteria 
C) single-stranded DNA virus 
D) invertebrates 
E) Archaeobacteria 
A) yeast 
B) bacteria 
C) single-stranded DNA virus 
D) invertebrates 
E) Archaeobacteria

Question 5

Oswald Avery and colleagues strengthened scientific support that DNA was the transforming factor by replicating the Griffith experiment with some important differences in experimental design.The key difference was:

Accepted Answer

A) purifying S strain DNA and RNA from other biomolecules. 
B) systematically eliminating the impact of classes of S strain biomolecules using enzymatic digestion before mixing with R strain live cells. 
C) injecting S strain DNA directly into R strain cells and observing the change in phenotype. 
D) Avery used Escherichia coli rather than Streptococcus as it is easier to transform. 
E) All of the answer options are correct. 
A) purifying S strain DNA and RNA from other biomolecules. 
B) systematically eliminating the impact of classes of S strain biomolecules using enzymatic digestion before mixing with R strain live cells. 
C) injecting S strain DNA directly into R strain cells and observing the change in phenotype. 
D) Avery used Escherichia coli rather than Streptococcus as it is easier to transform. 
E) All of the answer options are correct.

Question 6

When replicating the end of a chromosome,the lagging strand cannot copy the last ~10 nucleotides at the end of the chromosome.As a result,chromosomes contain telomere sequences at their ends,which are defined as:

Accepted Answer

A) special DNA sequences that do not require priming for replication. 
B) noncoding,repetitive sequences that can be copied independent of the replisome. 
C) noncoding,repetitive sequences that are not replicated during DNA replication. 
D) protein-based structures at the ends of chromosomes that protect the chromosome end. 
E) All of the answer options are correct. 
A) special DNA sequences that do not require priming for replication. 
B) noncoding,repetitive sequences that can be copied independent of the replisome. 
C) noncoding,repetitive sequences that are not replicated during DNA replication. 
D) protein-based structures at the ends of chromosomes that protect the chromosome end. 
E) All of the answer options are correct.

Question 7

Which statement below best describes the situation between nucleotides on opposite strands in a DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) A-T and C-G bonding between opposite strands involves two hydrogen bonds for either pair. 
B) A-T and C-G bonding between opposite strands involves three hydrogen bonds for either pair. 
C) A-T bonding between opposite strands involves two hydrogen bonds,whereas G-C bonding between strands involves three hydrogen bonds. 
D) A-T bonding between opposite strands involves three hydrogen bonds,whereas G-C bonding between strands involves two hydrogen bonds. 
A) A-T and C-G bonding between opposite strands involves two hydrogen bonds for either pair. 
B) A-T and C-G bonding between opposite strands involves three hydrogen bonds for either pair. 
C) A-T bonding between opposite strands involves two hydrogen bonds,whereas G-C bonding between strands involves three hydrogen bonds. 
D) A-T bonding between opposite strands involves three hydrogen bonds,whereas G-C bonding between strands involves two hydrogen bonds.

Question 8

Of the three key building blocks of DNA,which type(s)of building block stabilizes the structure via weak van der Waals interactions (through stacking)and regular hydrogen bonds?

Accepted Answer

A) phosphate 
B) deoxyribose 
C) nitrogenous bases 
D) both phosphate and nitrogenous bases 
E) All of the answer options are correct. 
A) phosphate 
B) deoxyribose 
C) nitrogenous bases 
D) both phosphate and nitrogenous bases 
E) All of the answer options are correct.

Question 9

The complexity of lagging strand replication is necessary because:

Accepted Answer

A) there is room for only a single DNA polymerase III enzyme in the replisome. 
B) the helicase can only unwind double-helical DNA slowly. 
C) as polymerization occurs only in the 5′ to 3′ direction,the lagging strand must be synthesized in consecutive small fragments. 
D) the RNA primase works better on the leading strand DNA. 
E) DNA polymerase I is more often associated with the lagging strand. 
A) there is room for only a single DNA polymerase III enzyme in the replisome. 
B) the helicase can only unwind double-helical DNA slowly. 
C) as polymerization occurs only in the 5′ to 3′ direction,the lagging strand must be synthesized in consecutive small fragments. 
D) the RNA primase works better on the leading strand DNA. 
E) DNA polymerase I is more often associated with the lagging strand.

Question 10

Smooth (S)and rough (R)strains of Streptococcus pneumonia are distinct because of their ability to cause illness (death in rodents).This trait is controlled by genes that regulate:

Accepted Answer

A) the production of a protective polysaccharide coat (capsule)around each cell. 
B) the production of lethal toxins. 
C) the speed of bacterial growth. 
D) the metabolic rate of microbial glycolysis. 
E) the bacterial ability to penetrate through the membrane of animal cells. 
A) the production of a protective polysaccharide coat (capsule)around each cell. 
B) the production of lethal toxins. 
C) the speed of bacterial growth. 
D) the metabolic rate of microbial glycolysis. 
E) the bacterial ability to penetrate through the membrane of animal cells.

Question 11

Cell-cycle progress enables the initiation of genome replication by:

Accepted Answer

A) activating DNA polymerase III activity directly. 
B) providing Cdc6 and Cdt1,which aid assembly of initiation components at the origin of replication. 
C) activating histone degradation near the origin of replication. 
D) activating expression of the ORC protein and helicase proteins. 
E) All of the answer options are correct. 
A) activating DNA polymerase III activity directly. 
B) providing Cdc6 and Cdt1,which aid assembly of initiation components at the origin of replication. 
C) activating histone degradation near the origin of replication. 
D) activating expression of the ORC protein and helicase proteins. 
E) All of the answer options are correct.

Question 12

Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase examined transformation using bacteriophage (bacterial DNA virus)and bacterial cells.Sulfur was used to label cellular components in this experiment because of its presence in the amino acid(s):

Accepted Answer

A) histidine. 
B) methionine and cysteine. 
C) tyrosine. 
D) glycine. 
E) serine. 
A) histidine. 
B) methionine and cysteine. 
C) tyrosine. 
D) glycine. 
E) serine.

Question 13

Telomeres regulate the replication of the ends of chromosomes in eukaryotes.Why is this structure implicated in human aging?

Accepted Answer

Telomeres are structures at the ends of

Question 14

Of the three key building blocks of DNA,which type(s)of building block is/are negatively charged and oriented on the outside of the double helical structure?

Accepted Answer

A) phosphate 
B) deoxyribose 
C) nitrogenous bases 
D) both phosphate and nitrogenous bases 
E) All of the answer options are correct. 
A) phosphate 
B) deoxyribose 
C) nitrogenous bases 
D) both phosphate and nitrogenous bases 
E) All of the answer options are correct.

Question 15

The replisome contains a protein subunit responsible for unwinding the double helix to enable DNA replication.This subunit/enzyme is named:

Accepted Answer

A) pol III holoenzyme. 
B) the beta clamp. 
C) primase. 
D) ligase. 
E) helicase. 
A) pol III holoenzyme. 
B) the beta clamp. 
C) primase. 
D) ligase. 
E) helicase.

Question 16

The replisome contains a protein subunit responsible for attaching free ends of DNA on the newly formed strand.This subunit/enzyme is named:

Accepted Answer

A) pol III holoenzyme. 
B) the beta clamp. 
C) primase. 
D) ligase. 
E) helicase. 
A) pol III holoenzyme. 
B) the beta clamp. 
C) primase. 
D) ligase. 
E) helicase.

Question 17

Erwin Chargaff provided experimental data (Chargaff's rules)that helped Watson and Crick to gain important insight into the structure of DNA.What did Chargaff determine,and what did it mean to Watson?

Accepted Answer

Chargaff found that bases extracted from

Question 18

The following data were obtained from three organisms : an RNA virus,a DNA virus,and a wombat (an Australian mammal).Which is likely the sample from the RNA virus?

Accepted Answer

A) (a) 
B) (b) 
C) (c) 
D) None of the answer options are correct. 
A) (a) 
B) (b) 
C) (c) 
D) None of the answer options are correct.

Question 19

Imagine it is the early 1900s and the nature of genetic material is not yet known.You believe that proteins (polypeptides)are the most likely candidates for storing heritable information,rather than DNA (which you regard as some kind of macromolecule used to store hydrocarbons).Make an argument supporting this position.

Accepted Answer

DNA and protein are found in chromosomes

Question 20

Which of the following is/are NOT a key structural property displayed by the heritable (transforming)material?

Accepted Answer

A) The structure must contain complex information (genetic code). 
B) The structure must be composed of rare/unusual elements. 
C) The structure must allow or tolerate small changes that facilitate nonlethal variation. 
D) The structure must be enzymatically active,able to mediate cellular metabolism. 
E) The structure must be composed of rare/unusual elements and must be enzymatically active,able to mediate cellular metabolism. 
A) The structure must contain complex information (genetic code). 
B) The structure must be composed of rare/unusual elements. 
C) The structure must allow or tolerate small changes that facilitate nonlethal variation. 
D) The structure must be enzymatically active,able to mediate cellular metabolism. 
E) The structure must be composed of rare/unusual elements and must be enzymatically active,able to mediate cellular metabolism.

Topoisomerase and helicase have distinct functions that include which of the following?

Of the three key building blocks of DNA,which type(s)of building block is/are structurally different in RNA molecules?

Which statement best describes the arrangement of components in a DNA molecule?

Chargaff's rules do NOT hold for which of the following genome types?

Oswald Avery and colleagues strengthened scientific support that DNA was the transforming factor by replicating the Griffith experiment with some important differences in experimental design.The key difference was:

When replicating the end of a chromosome,the lagging strand cannot copy the last ~10 nucleotides at the end of the chromosome.As a result,chromosomes contain telomere sequences at their ends,which are defined as:

Which statement below best describes the situation between nucleotides on opposite strands in a DNA molecule?

Of the three key building blocks of DNA,which type(s)of building block stabilizes the structure via weak van der Waals interactions (through stacking)and regular hydrogen bonds?

The complexity of lagging strand replication is necessary because:

Smooth (S)and rough (R)strains of Streptococcus pneumonia are distinct because of their ability to cause illness (death in rodents).This trait is controlled by genes that regulate:

Cell-cycle progress enables the initiation of genome replication by:

Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase examined transformation using bacteriophage (bacterial DNA virus)and bacterial cells.Sulfur was used to label cellular components in this experiment because of its presence in the amino acid(s):

Telomeres regulate the replication of the ends of chromosomes in eukaryotes.Why is this structure implicated in human aging?

Of the three key building blocks of DNA,which type(s)of building block is/are negatively charged and oriented on the outside of the double helical structure?

The replisome contains a protein subunit responsible for unwinding the double helix to enable DNA replication.This subunit/enzyme is named:

The replisome contains a protein subunit responsible for attaching free ends of DNA on the newly formed strand.This subunit/enzyme is named:

Erwin Chargaff provided experimental data (Chargaff's rules)that helped Watson and Crick to gain important insight into the structure of DNA.What did Chargaff determine,and what did it mean to Watson?

The following data were obtained from three organisms : an RNA virus,a DNA virus,and a wombat (an Australian mammal).Which is likely the sample from the RNA virus?

Which of the following is/are NOT a key structural property displayed by the heritable (transforming)material?

The Genetics Revolution

Single-Gene Inheritance

Independent Assortment of Genes

Mapping Eukaryote Chromosomes by Recombination

The Genetics of Bacteria and Their Viruses

Gene Interaction

Rna: Transcription and Processing

Proteins and Their Synthesis

Gene Isolation and Manipulation

Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Their Viruses

Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Genetic Control of Development

Genomes and Genomics

The Dynamic Genome: Transposable Elements

Mutation, Repair, and Recombination

Large-Scale Chromosomal Changes

Population Genetics

The Inheritance of Complex Traits

Evolution of Genes and Traits

Filters

Exam 7: Dna: Structure and Replication

Topoisomerase and helicase have distinct functions that include which of the following?

Of the three key building blocks of DNA,which type(s)of building block is/are structurally different in RNA molecules?

Which statement best describes the arrangement of components in a DNA molecule?

Chargaff's rules do NOT hold for which of the following genome types?

Oswald Avery and colleagues strengthened scientific support that DNA was the transforming factor by replicating the Griffith experiment with some important differences in experimental design.The key difference was:

When replicating the end of a chromosome,the lagging strand cannot copy the last ~10 nucleotides at the end of the chromosome.As a result,chromosomes contain telomere sequences at their ends,which are defined as:

Which statement below best describes the situation between nucleotides on opposite strands in a DNA molecule?

Of the three key building blocks of DNA,which type(s)of building block stabilizes the structure via weak van der Waals interactions (through stacking)and regular hydrogen bonds?

The complexity of lagging strand replication is necessary because:

Smooth (S)and rough (R)strains of Streptococcus pneumonia are distinct because of their ability to cause illness (death in rodents).This trait is controlled by genes that regulate:

Cell-cycle progress enables the initiation of genome replication by:

Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase examined transformation using bacteriophage (bacterial DNA virus)and bacterial cells.Sulfur was used to label cellular components in this experiment because of its presence in the amino acid(s):

Telomeres regulate the replication of the ends of chromosomes in eukaryotes.Why is this structure implicated in human aging?

Of the three key building blocks of DNA,which type(s)of building block is/are negatively charged and oriented on the outside of the double helical structure?

The replisome contains a protein subunit responsible for unwinding the double helix to enable DNA replication.This subunit/enzyme is named:

The replisome contains a protein subunit responsible for attaching free ends of DNA on the newly formed strand.This subunit/enzyme is named:

Erwin Chargaff provided experimental data (Chargaff's rules)that helped Watson and Crick to gain important insight into the structure of DNA.What did Chargaff determine,and what did it mean to Watson?

The following data were obtained from three organisms : an RNA virus,a DNA virus,and a wombat (an Australian mammal).Which is likely the sample from the RNA virus?

Which of the following is/are NOT a key structural property displayed by the heritable (transforming)material?

The Genetics Revolution

Single-Gene Inheritance

Independent Assortment of Genes

Mapping Eukaryote Chromosomes by Recombination

The Genetics of Bacteria and Their Viruses

Gene Interaction

Rna: Transcription and Processing

Proteins and Their Synthesis

Gene Isolation and Manipulation

Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Their Viruses

Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Genetic Control of Development

Genomes and Genomics

The Dynamic Genome: Transposable Elements

Mutation, Repair, and Recombination

Large-Scale Chromosomal Changes

Population Genetics

The Inheritance of Complex Traits

Evolution of Genes and Traits

Filters