Question 1

When considering hemoglobin alleles,scientists concluded that the proportions of the two alleles within a population was strongly affected by:

Accepted Answer

A) the severity of malaria. 
B) the atmospheric pressure of O2. 
C) the rate of elimination of harmful HbS alleles. 
D) the nutritional intake of each individual. 
E) the severity of malaria and the rate of elimination of harmful HbS alleles. 
A) the severity of malaria. 
B) the atmospheric pressure of O2. 
C) the rate of elimination of harmful HbS alleles. 
D) the nutritional intake of each individual. 
E) the severity of malaria and the rate of elimination of harmful HbS alleles. B

Question 2

In fruit flies,mutations in cis-acting regulatory sequences are associated with:

Accepted Answer

A) abnormal functioning of operator sequences. 
B) body form/color variations. 
C) changes in fruit fly behavior. 
D) changes in reproductive fitness. 
E) an alteration of DNA replication. 
A) abnormal functioning of operator sequences. 
B) body form/color variations. 
C) changes in fruit fly behavior. 
D) changes in reproductive fitness. 
E) an alteration of DNA replication. B

Question 3

Which of the following reduce heterozygosity?

Accepted Answer

A) migration 
B) directional selection 
C) large population size 
D) balancing selection 
E) mutation 
A) migration 
B) directional selection 
C) large population size 
D) balancing selection 
E) mutation B

Question 4

There are several programs that allow researchers to search DNA databases with a newly acquired DNA sequence.One program,BLAST (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/),allows researchers to compare their sequence with all publicly available sequences.The search engine returns a list of similar sequences,with an estimate of similarity score (the greater the similarity between two sequences,the larger the score),and reveals the function of these similar sequences (if known).Suppose that you have just cloned and sequenced a gene from a gorilla,but you do not know what it does in a cell.You do a BLAST search using your gorilla sequence.Some of the output from the search is shown below:
   
a)What is the likely function of the gorilla gene?
b)Why does the output include sequences from species other than gorilla?
c)Why are some sequences more similar than others?

Accepted Answer

a)The gorilla gene is probably a CDK (he

Question 5

Plasmodium falciparum is a parasitic protist that can be carried among host organisms by a mosquito.Infection generates anemia via a process of:

Accepted Answer

A) infecting the bone marrow of its hosts. 
B) causing uncontrolled bleeding from tissues. 
C) invading red blood cells and dividing within them. 
D) mosquito-based feeding upon the blood during transmission. 
E) anemia is not a symptom of Plasmodium infection. 
A) infecting the bone marrow of its hosts. 
B) causing uncontrolled bleeding from tissues. 
C) invading red blood cells and dividing within them. 
D) mosquito-based feeding upon the blood during transmission. 
E) anemia is not a symptom of Plasmodium infection.

Question 6

Which of the following is/are NOT a principle of Darwinian evolution?

Accepted Answer

A) There is variation in morphology,physiology,and behavior among individuals in a population. 
B) Offspring resemble their parents more closely than unrelated individuals. 
C) In any given environment,some individuals are more successful at surviving and reproducing than others. 
D) Darwinian evolution fully describes where all living things come from. 
E) All of the answer options are correct. 
A) There is variation in morphology,physiology,and behavior among individuals in a population. 
B) Offspring resemble their parents more closely than unrelated individuals. 
C) In any given environment,some individuals are more successful at surviving and reproducing than others. 
D) Darwinian evolution fully describes where all living things come from. 
E) All of the answer options are correct.

Question 7

What term could be used to describe the type of selection occurring with the sickle-cell and normal hemoglobin alleles among areas where malaria is present?

Accepted Answer

A) directional selection 
B) balancing selection 
C) stabilizing selection 
D) genetic drift 
E) inbreeding depression 
A) directional selection 
B) balancing selection 
C) stabilizing selection 
D) genetic drift 
E) inbreeding depression

Question 8

Wichman and colleagues examined adaptive walks using:

Accepted Answer

A) antibiotic selection on bacteriophage populations. 
B) bacteriophage infection of mutation-bearing bacteria. 
C) a bacteriophage and two different host cell types. 
D) mutagenic compounds delivered to rapidly dividing phage virions. 
E) None of the answer options are correct. 
A) antibiotic selection on bacteriophage populations. 
B) bacteriophage infection of mutation-bearing bacteria. 
C) a bacteriophage and two different host cell types. 
D) mutagenic compounds delivered to rapidly dividing phage virions. 
E) None of the answer options are correct.

Question 9

Describe the relationship between overall DNA change and functional change.

Accepted Answer

The relationship is highly var

Question 10

In what way can synonymous mutations still have a selective component?

Accepted Answer

They can change the probability for mist

Question 11

Why don't we find different human populations with different fixed alleles at a certain locus?

Accepted Answer

A) Inbreeding is high. 
B) Migration between populations is high. 
C) The mutation rate is lower than the critical value. 
D) Population sizes are too large. 
E) Allelic variation is low. 
A) Inbreeding is high. 
B) Migration between populations is high. 
C) The mutation rate is lower than the critical value. 
D) Population sizes are too large. 
E) Allelic variation is low.

Question 12

A strawberry breeder wants to increase the yield of strawberry plants.To do so,he selects the two highest-yielding plants from a segregating population and uses them as parents that he hopes will produce higher yielding offspring.How would you use Darwin's evolutionary theory to explain the following results?
a)The breeder was able to obtain a better-yielding offspring.
b)The breeder was unable to obtain a better-yielding offspring.

Accepted Answer

a)The variation observed for yield in th

Question 13

Balanced polymorphism is illustrated by:

Accepted Answer

A) a situation where the selective pressure enhances the frequency of heterozygotes over homozygotes. 
B) a situation where the selective pressure enhances the frequency of homozygotes over heterozygotes. 
C) only situations where disease impacts allele frequency. 
D) situations where allelic homozygosity is impossible. 
E) All of the answer options are correct. 
A) a situation where the selective pressure enhances the frequency of heterozygotes over homozygotes. 
B) a situation where the selective pressure enhances the frequency of homozygotes over heterozygotes. 
C) only situations where disease impacts allele frequency. 
D) situations where allelic homozygosity is impossible. 
E) All of the answer options are correct.

Question 14

When considering synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations within a population,which of the following is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Nonsynonymous mutations will often be removed by purifying selection. 
B) Synonymous mutations will often be removed by purifying selection. 
C) The two types of mutations are not distinguished by purifying selection. 
D) Only nonsynonymous mutations are known to occur. 
E) Only synonymous mutations are known to occur. 
A) Nonsynonymous mutations will often be removed by purifying selection. 
B) Synonymous mutations will often be removed by purifying selection. 
C) The two types of mutations are not distinguished by purifying selection. 
D) Only nonsynonymous mutations are known to occur. 
E) Only synonymous mutations are known to occur.

Question 15

The gene for which of the following proteins is likely to have the higher neutral rate of mutation?

Accepted Answer

A) cytochrome c 
B) alpha subunit of hemoglobin 
C) beta subunit of hemoglobin 
D) fibrinopeptides 
E) actin 
A) cytochrome c 
B) alpha subunit of hemoglobin 
C) beta subunit of hemoglobin 
D) fibrinopeptides 
E) actin

Question 16

In E.coli,the mutation of beta-lactamase in response to cefotaxime exposure involved five changes in the gene sequence,which can be accomplished through __________ different orderings.

Accepted Answer

A) 16 
B) 32 
C) 64 
D) 120 
E) 240 
A) 16 
B) 32 
C) 64 
D) 120 
E) 240

Question 17

Why do you expect different rates of evolution for synonymous versus nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions?

Accepted Answer

Because fewer nonsynonymous mutations wi

Question 18

The neutral theory of evolution proposed that most genetic mutations are functionally neutral or nearly neutral.Neutral mutations would be fixed in a population by:

Accepted Answer

A) natural selection. 
B) random genetic drift. 
C) balancing selection. 
D) asexual reproduction. 
E) the invariance of DNA. 
A) natural selection. 
B) random genetic drift. 
C) balancing selection. 
D) asexual reproduction. 
E) the invariance of DNA.

Question 19

Three types of selection are "directional selection," "balancing selection," and "selection against heterozygotes."
a)Shown below are three graphs (A-C).Each graph represents a different type of selection.In each case,certain individuals are being selected against (represented by the striped regions).For each graph,write the name of the type of selection that is depicted.
 A)
 
B)
 
C)

b)Described below are three examples of selection.For each example,write the name of the type of selection being described.

i)A maize breeder selects for increased ear size in maize in order to increase yield.

ii)Susceptibility to malaria and sickle-cell anemia is controlled by the same gene.The HbA allele provides resistance to sickle-cell anemia but not to malaria (thus,individuals who have the genotype HbAHbA die from malaria),and the HbS allele provides resistance to malaria but not to sickle-cell anemia (thus,individuals with the genotype HbSHbS die from sickle-cell anemia).HbAHbS individuals are resistant to both diseases.

iii)Lower-yielding beans are resistant to anthracnose,whereas higher-yielding varieties are susceptible to the disease.Anthracnose is present only in certain areas of the region.So,breeders want to select higher- and lower-yielding plants to fulfill different breeding goals.

Accepted Answer

a)A = selection against hetero

Question 20

How will pleiotropy affect selection at particular loci?

Accepted Answer

It makes the models of selection far mor

When considering hemoglobin alleles,scientists concluded that the proportions of the two alleles within a population was strongly affected by:

In fruit flies,mutations in cis-acting regulatory sequences are associated with:

Which of the following reduce heterozygosity?

Plasmodium falciparum is a parasitic protist that can be carried among host organisms by a mosquito.Infection generates anemia via a process of:

Which of the following is/are NOT a principle of Darwinian evolution?

What term could be used to describe the type of selection occurring with the sickle-cell and normal hemoglobin alleles among areas where malaria is present?

Wichman and colleagues examined adaptive walks using:

Describe the relationship between overall DNA change and functional change.

In what way can synonymous mutations still have a selective component?

Why don't we find different human populations with different fixed alleles at a certain locus?

Balanced polymorphism is illustrated by:

When considering synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations within a population,which of the following is TRUE?

The gene for which of the following proteins is likely to have the higher neutral rate of mutation?

In E.coli,the mutation of beta-lactamase in response to cefotaxime exposure involved five changes in the gene sequence,which can be accomplished through __________ different orderings.

Why do you expect different rates of evolution for synonymous versus nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions?

The neutral theory of evolution proposed that most genetic mutations are functionally neutral or nearly neutral.Neutral mutations would be fixed in a population by:

How will pleiotropy affect selection at particular loci?

The Genetics Revolution

Single-Gene Inheritance

Independent Assortment of Genes

Mapping Eukaryote Chromosomes by Recombination

The Genetics of Bacteria and Their Viruses

Gene Interaction

Dna: Structure and Replication

Rna: Transcription and Processing

Proteins and Their Synthesis

Gene Isolation and Manipulation

Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Their Viruses

Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Genetic Control of Development

Genomes and Genomics

The Dynamic Genome: Transposable Elements

Mutation, Repair, and Recombination

Large-Scale Chromosomal Changes

Population Genetics

The Inheritance of Complex Traits

Filters

Exam 20: Evolution of Genes and Traits

When considering hemoglobin alleles,scientists concluded that the proportions of the two alleles within a population was strongly affected by:

In fruit flies,mutations in cis-acting regulatory sequences are associated with:

Which of the following reduce heterozygosity?

Plasmodium falciparum is a parasitic protist that can be carried among host organisms by a mosquito.Infection generates anemia via a process of:

Which of the following is/are NOT a principle of Darwinian evolution?

What term could be used to describe the type of selection occurring with the sickle-cell and normal hemoglobin alleles among areas where malaria is present?

Wichman and colleagues examined adaptive walks using:

Describe the relationship between overall DNA change and functional change.

In what way can synonymous mutations still have a selective component?

Why don't we find different human populations with different fixed alleles at a certain locus?

Balanced polymorphism is illustrated by:

When considering synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations within a population,which of the following is TRUE?

The gene for which of the following proteins is likely to have the higher neutral rate of mutation?

In E.coli,the mutation of beta-lactamase in response to cefotaxime exposure involved five changes in the gene sequence,which can be accomplished through __________ different orderings.

Why do you expect different rates of evolution for synonymous versus nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions?

The neutral theory of evolution proposed that most genetic mutations are functionally neutral or nearly neutral.Neutral mutations would be fixed in a population by:

How will pleiotropy affect selection at particular loci?

The Genetics Revolution

Single-Gene Inheritance

Independent Assortment of Genes

Mapping Eukaryote Chromosomes by Recombination

The Genetics of Bacteria and Their Viruses

Gene Interaction

Dna: Structure and Replication

Rna: Transcription and Processing

Proteins and Their Synthesis

Gene Isolation and Manipulation

Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Their Viruses

Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Genetic Control of Development

Genomes and Genomics

The Dynamic Genome: Transposable Elements

Mutation, Repair, and Recombination

Large-Scale Chromosomal Changes

Population Genetics

The Inheritance of Complex Traits

Filters