Question 1

Describe the currents associated with EPSPs and IPSPs.

Accepted Answer

At an excitatory synapse the binding of neurotransmitter to a receptor opens both Na⁺ and K⁺ channels. The electrochemical gradient favors the movement of Na⁺ into the cell, resulting in small depolarization or an EPSP. In an inhibitory synapse the binding of neurotransmitter to a receptor opens both K⁺ and Cl^- channels. Cl^- enters the cell, K⁺ leaves the cell, and the cell becomes hyperpolarized producing an IPSP.

Question 2

Which of the classes of hormones triggers the synthesis of new intracellular proteins within the target cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  peptides. 
B)  catecholamines. 
C)  steroids. 
D)  thyroid hormone. 
E)  both steroids and thyroid hormone are correct. 
A)  peptides. 
B)  catecholamines. 
C)  steroids. 
D)  thyroid hormone. 
E)  both steroids and thyroid hormone are correct. E

Question 3

Use the answer code to answer the questions in this section:
-The change in potassium permebaility hat occur at the peak of an action potential.

Accepted Answer

A) increased PNa+ 
B) decreased PNa+ 
C) increased PK+ 
D) decreased PK+ 
E) Na+ inward current
F)Na+ outward current
G)K+ inward current
H)K+ outward current 
A) increased PNa+ 
B) decreased PNa+ 
C) increased PK+ 
D) decreased PK+ 
E) Na+ inward current
F)Na+ outward current
G)K+ inward current
H)K+ outward current C

Question 4

The axon hillock occurs in between the cell body and axon of a neuron.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Indicate whether the membrane is more permeable to KS1U1P1+S1S1P0 or to NaS1U1P1+S1S1P0 or is equally permeable to these ions under the stated conditions by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code:
-at resting potential

Accepted Answer

A) The membrane is more permeable to K+ than to Na+. 
B) The membrane is more permeable to Na+ than to K+. 
C) The membrane is about equally permeable to Na+ and K+. 
A) The membrane is more permeable to K+ than to Na+. 
B) The membrane is more permeable to Na+ than to K+. 
C) The membrane is about equally permeable to Na+ and K+.

Question 6

Indicate which characteristic applies to classical neurotransmitters and neuropeptides using the following answer code:
-small: one amino acid or similar chemical

Accepted Answer

A) applies to classical neurotransmitters 
B) applies to neuropeptides 
C) applies to both classical neurotransmitters and neuropeptides 
D) applies to neither classical neurotransmitters nor neuropeptides 
A) applies to classical neurotransmitters 
B) applies to neuropeptides 
C) applies to both classical neurotransmitters and neuropeptides 
D) applies to neither classical neurotransmitters nor neuropeptides

Question 7

____________________ is the hindrance to electrical charge movement.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ is the hindrance to electrical charge...

Question 8

Nerve and muscle cells establish resting membrane potentials.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

____________________ along axons reduces resistance and, hence, increases impulse velocity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ along axons reduces resistance and, hence,...

Question 10

Most endocrine control systems involve ____________________ and hormonal components.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most endocrine control systems involve ____________________ and...

Question 11

Each letter is used only once.
-synapse

Accepted Answer

A) junction between neurons 
B) covering on the axon 
C) abundant, branching process from cell body 
D) last part of the neuron to send an impulse 
E) neurotransmitter
F)site of action potential initiation 
A) junction between neurons 
B) covering on the axon 
C) abundant, branching process from cell body 
D) last part of the neuron to send an impulse 
E) neurotransmitter
F)site of action potential initiation

Question 12

Indicate whether an excitatory or inhibitory synapse is being described by filling in the blank using the following answer code:
-increased PCl- of the subsynaptic membrane

Accepted Answer

A) associated with an excitatory synapse 
B) associated with an inhibitory synapse 
A) associated with an excitatory synapse 
B) associated with an inhibitory synapse

Question 13

The accompanying figure relates to neurotransmitter secretion. Match the steps highlighted in the figure (steps 1-5) with the statements using the letter key below.
-Neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis

Accepted Answer

A) Step 1 
B) Step 2 
C) Step 3 
D) Step 4 
E) Step 5 
A) Step 1 
B) Step 2 
C) Step 3 
D) Step 4 
E) Step 5

Question 14

The majority of hormones falls into the class of ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The majority of hormones falls into the...

Question 15

A drug that blocks the reuptake of a NT in a synapse:

Accepted Answer

A)  decreases the amount of NT in the synapse 
B)  decreases the function of the synapse 
C)  acts on the presynaptic cell 
D)  acts on the postsynaptic cell 
A)  decreases the amount of NT in the synapse 
B)  decreases the function of the synapse 
C)  acts on the presynaptic cell 
D)  acts on the postsynaptic cell

Question 16

Each letter is used only once.
-axon

Accepted Answer

A) junction between neurons 
B) covering on the axon 
C) abundant, branching process from cell body 
D) last part of the neuron to send an impulse 
E) neurotransmitter
F)site of action potential initiation 
A) junction between neurons 
B) covering on the axon 
C) abundant, branching process from cell body 
D) last part of the neuron to send an impulse 
E) neurotransmitter
F)site of action potential initiation

Question 17

The ____________________hormones are derived from tyrosine.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ____________________hormones are derived from tyrosine....

Question 18

Indicate which characteristic applies to classical neurotransmitters and neuropeptides using the following answer code:
-usually function as neuromodulators

Accepted Answer

A) applies to classical neurotransmitters 
B) applies to neuropeptides 
C) applies to both classical neurotransmitters and neuropeptides 
D) applies to neither classical neurotransmitters nor neuropeptides 
A) applies to classical neurotransmitters 
B) applies to neuropeptides 
C) applies to both classical neurotransmitters and neuropeptides 
D) applies to neither classical neurotransmitters nor neuropeptides

Question 19

MATCHING: ART
   
The following questions refer to the accompanying diagram of an action potential.
Segments of the action potential are labeled A-D. Match the letters to the corresponding statements below.
-Pre-threshold stage

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING: ART
   
The following questions...

Question 20

All amine hormones are hydrophilic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Describe the currents associated with EPSPs and IPSPs.

Which of the classes of hormones triggers the synthesis of new intracellular proteins within the target cell?

Use the answer code to answer the questions in this section: -The change in potassium permebaility hat occur at the peak of an action potential.

The axon hillock occurs in between the cell body and axon of a neuron.

Indicate whether the membrane is more permeable to K⁺ or to Na⁺ or is equally permeable to these ions under the stated conditions by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code: -at resting potential

Indicate which characteristic applies to classical neurotransmitters and neuropeptides using the following answer code: -small: one amino acid or similar chemical

____________________ is the hindrance to electrical charge movement.

Nerve and muscle cells establish resting membrane potentials.

____________________ along axons reduces resistance and, hence, increases impulse velocity.

Most endocrine control systems involve ____________________ and hormonal components.

Each letter is used only once. -synapse

Indicate whether an excitatory or inhibitory synapse is being described by filling in the blank using the following answer code: -increased P_Cl- of the subsynaptic membrane

The accompanying figure relates to neurotransmitter secretion. Match the steps highlighted in the figure (steps 1-5) with the statements using the letter key below. -Neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis

The majority of hormones falls into the class of ____________________.

A drug that blocks the reuptake of a NT in a synapse:

Each letter is used only once. -axon

The ____________________hormones are derived from tyrosine.

Indicate which characteristic applies to classical neurotransmitters and neuropeptides using the following answer code: -usually function as neuromodulators

MATCHING: ART The following questions refer to the accompanying diagram of an action potential. Segments of the action potential are labeled A-D. Match the letters to the corresponding statements below. -Pre-threshold stage

All amine hormones are hydrophilic.

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division and Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood and Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Endocrine System

The Reproductive System

Filters

Exam 4: Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

Describe the currents associated with EPSPs and IPSPs.

Which of the classes of hormones triggers the synthesis of new intracellular proteins within the target cell?

Use the answer code to answer the questions in this section: -The change in potassium permebaility hat occur at the peak of an action potential.

The axon hillock occurs in between the cell body and axon of a neuron.

Indicate whether the membrane is more permeable to K+ or to Na+ or is equally permeable to these ions under the stated conditions by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code: -at resting potential

Indicate which characteristic applies to classical neurotransmitters and neuropeptides using the following answer code: -small: one amino acid or similar chemical

____________________ is the hindrance to electrical charge movement.

Nerve and muscle cells establish resting membrane potentials.

____________________ along axons reduces resistance and, hence, increases impulse velocity.

Most endocrine control systems involve ____________________ and hormonal components.

Each letter is used only once. -synapse

Indicate whether an excitatory or inhibitory synapse is being described by filling in the blank using the following answer code: -increased PCl- of the subsynaptic membrane

The accompanying figure relates to neurotransmitter secretion. Match the steps highlighted in the figure (steps 1-5) with the statements using the letter key below. -Neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis

The majority of hormones falls into the class of ____________________.

A drug that blocks the reuptake of a NT in a synapse:

Each letter is used only once. -axon

The ____________________hormones are derived from tyrosine.

Indicate which characteristic applies to classical neurotransmitters and neuropeptides using the following answer code: -usually function as neuromodulators

MATCHING: ART The following questions refer to the accompanying diagram of an action potential. Segments of the action potential are labeled A-D. Match the letters to the corresponding statements below. -Pre-threshold stage

All amine hormones are hydrophilic.

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division and Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood and Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Endocrine System

The Reproductive System

Filters

Indicate whether the membrane is more permeable to K⁺ or to Na⁺ or is equally permeable to these ions under the stated conditions by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code: -at resting potential

Indicate whether an excitatory or inhibitory synapse is being described by filling in the blank using the following answer code: -increased P_Cl- of the subsynaptic membrane