Question 1

The period of time following an action potential during which a membrane cannot be restimulated no matter how strong the stimulus

Accepted Answer

A)  is known as the absolute refractory period. 
B)  occurs during the time after the Na+ gates have opened until they are restored to their "closed but capable of opening" conformation. 
C)  prevents the action potential from spreading back over the part of the membrane where the impulse has just passed. 
D)  two of these. 
E)  all of these answers. 
A)  is known as the absolute refractory period. 
B)  occurs during the time after the Na+ gates have opened until they are restored to their "closed but capable of opening" conformation. 
C)  prevents the action potential from spreading back over the part of the membrane where the impulse has just passed. 
D)  two of these. 
E)  all of these answers.

Question 2

Which of the classes of hormones are synthesized by the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi complex mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  peptides 
B)  catecholamines 
C)  steroids 
D)  thyroid hormone 
E)  both peptides and catecholamines are correct. 
A)  peptides 
B)  catecholamines 
C)  steroids 
D)  thyroid hormone 
E)  both peptides and catecholamines are correct.

Question 3

Indicate which characteristic applies to classical neurotransmitters and neuropeptides using the following answer code:
-large: 2 to 40 amino acids in length

Accepted Answer

A) applies to classical neurotransmitters 
B) applies to neuropeptides 
C) applies to both classical neurotransmitters and neuropeptides 
D) applies to neither classical neurotransmitters nor neuropeptides 
A) applies to classical neurotransmitters 
B) applies to neuropeptides 
C) applies to both classical neurotransmitters and neuropeptides 
D) applies to neither classical neurotransmitters nor neuropeptides

Question 4

Immediately at the end of the falling phase of the action potential, the membrane voltage has returned to resting values.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The axon hillock has the lowest threshold in the neuron.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Assume that a hypothetical neuron has three presynaptic inputs converging upon it. Presynaptic inputs A and B are excitatory, and C is inhibitory. Indicate which of the following changes will take place by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the answer code below:
-What would occur if both presynaptic neurons A and C were fired simultaneously?

Accepted Answer

A) There will be no change in potential of the postsynaptic cell. 
B) Spatial summation will occur. 
C) Temporal summation will occur. 
A) There will be no change in potential of the postsynaptic cell. 
B) Spatial summation will occur. 
C) Temporal summation will occur.

Question 7

Unlike ____________________ hormones, steroid hormones are not stored after their formation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Unlike ____________________ hormones, steroid hormones are not...

Question 8

Threshold potential is the peak potential achieved during an action potential.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Each letter is used only once.
-hillock

Accepted Answer

A) junction between neurons 
B) covering on the axon 
C) abundant, branching process from cell body 
D) last part of the neuron to send an impulse 
E) neurotransmitter
F)site of action potential initiation 
A) junction between neurons 
B) covering on the axon 
C) abundant, branching process from cell body 
D) last part of the neuron to send an impulse 
E) neurotransmitter
F)site of action potential initiation

Question 10

During the resting membrane potential, the inside of a neuron is net ____________________ by charge.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During the resting membrane potential, the inside...

Question 11

Graded potentials

Accepted Answer

A)  are local changes in membrane potential that occur in varying degrees of magnitude. 
B)  serve as short-distance signals. 
C)  serve as long-distance signals. 
D)  both (a) and (b). 
E)  both (a) and (c). 
A)  are local changes in membrane potential that occur in varying degrees of magnitude. 
B)  serve as short-distance signals. 
C)  serve as long-distance signals. 
D)  both (a) and (b). 
E)  both (a) and (c).

Question 12

The negative charge established along a nerve cell membrane is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  movement of Na+ into the cell. 
B)  movement of proteins out of the cell. 
C)  higher permeability of K+ relative to Na+. 
D)  intracellular protein anions. 
E)  both (c) and (d). 
A)  movement of Na+ into the cell. 
B)  movement of proteins out of the cell. 
C)  higher permeability of K+ relative to Na+. 
D)  intracellular protein anions. 
E)  both (c) and (d).

Question 13

Steroids

Accepted Answer

A)  are lipophilic. 
B)  are derived from cholesterol. 
C)  initiate the synthesis of specific new proteins within their target cells. 
D)  are lipophilic and derived from cholesterol. 
E)  all of these answers. 
A)  are lipophilic. 
B)  are derived from cholesterol. 
C)  initiate the synthesis of specific new proteins within their target cells. 
D)  are lipophilic and derived from cholesterol. 
E)  all of these answers.

Question 14

Repeated firings of one presynaptic neuron can produce ____________________ summation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Repeated firings of one presynaptic neuron can...

Question 15

When a membrane is stimulated due to opening of chemically-gated Na? channels

Accepted Answer

A)  an impulse is propagated. 
B)  a graded potential is established. 
C)  an action potential is inhibited 
D)  the voltage across the membrane becomes more negative. 
E)  the voltage across the membrane stays the same. 
A)  an impulse is propagated. 
B)  a graded potential is established. 
C)  an action potential is inhibited 
D)  the voltage across the membrane becomes more negative. 
E)  the voltage across the membrane stays the same.

Question 16

cAMP acts with the target cell's DNA to carry out the chemical messenger's action.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Indicate whether the characteristics below apply to the endocrine system or the nervous system by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code:
-Duration of action is brief (milliseconds).

Accepted Answer

A) applies to the endocrine system 
B) applies to the nervous system 
C) applies to both the endocrine and nervous systems 
A) applies to the endocrine system 
B) applies to the nervous system 
C) applies to both the endocrine and nervous systems

Question 18

A change in a membrane potential from -70 mV to -70 mV is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  depolarization. 
B)  hyperpolarization. 
C)  polarization. 
D)  repolarization. 
E)  zero potential. 
A)  depolarization. 
B)  hyperpolarization. 
C)  polarization. 
D)  repolarization. 
E)  zero potential.

Question 19

Along a neuron, an action potential normally travels from the dendrites to the cell body to the axon.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Indicate whether the membrane is more permeable to KS1U1P1+S1S1P0 or to NaS1U1P1+S1S1P0 or is equally permeable to these ions under the stated conditions by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code:
-during the falling phase of an action potential

Accepted Answer

A) The membrane is more permeable to K+ than to Na+. 
B) The membrane is more permeable to Na+ than to K+. 
C) The membrane is about equally permeable to Na+ and K+. 
A) The membrane is more permeable to K+ than to Na+. 
B) The membrane is more permeable to Na+ than to K+. 
C) The membrane is about equally permeable to Na+ and K+.

The period of time following an action potential during which a membrane cannot be restimulated no matter how strong the stimulus

Which of the classes of hormones are synthesized by the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi complex mechanism?

Indicate which characteristic applies to classical neurotransmitters and neuropeptides using the following answer code: -large: 2 to 40 amino acids in length

Immediately at the end of the falling phase of the action potential, the membrane voltage has returned to resting values.

The axon hillock has the lowest threshold in the neuron.

Unlike ____________________ hormones, steroid hormones are not stored after their formation.

Threshold potential is the peak potential achieved during an action potential.

Each letter is used only once. -hillock

During the resting membrane potential, the inside of a neuron is net ____________________ by charge.

Graded potentials

The negative charge established along a nerve cell membrane is due to

Steroids

Repeated firings of one presynaptic neuron can produce ____________________ summation.

When a membrane is stimulated due to opening of chemically-gated Na? channels

cAMP acts with the target cell's DNA to carry out the chemical messenger's action.

Indicate whether the characteristics below apply to the endocrine system or the nervous system by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code: -Duration of action is brief (milliseconds).

A change in a membrane potential from -70 mV to -70 mV is an example of

Along a neuron, an action potential normally travels from the dendrites to the cell body to the axon.

Indicate whether the membrane is more permeable to K⁺ or to Na⁺ or is equally permeable to these ions under the stated conditions by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code: -during the falling phase of an action potential

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division and Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood and Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Endocrine System

The Reproductive System

Filters

Exam 4: Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The period of time following an action potential during which a membrane cannot be restimulated no matter how strong the stimulus

Which of the classes of hormones are synthesized by the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi complex mechanism?

Indicate which characteristic applies to classical neurotransmitters and neuropeptides using the following answer code: -large: 2 to 40 amino acids in length

Immediately at the end of the falling phase of the action potential, the membrane voltage has returned to resting values.

The axon hillock has the lowest threshold in the neuron.

Unlike ____________________ hormones, steroid hormones are not stored after their formation.

Threshold potential is the peak potential achieved during an action potential.

Each letter is used only once. -hillock

During the resting membrane potential, the inside of a neuron is net ____________________ by charge.

Graded potentials

The negative charge established along a nerve cell membrane is due to

Steroids

Repeated firings of one presynaptic neuron can produce ____________________ summation.

When a membrane is stimulated due to opening of chemically-gated Na? channels

cAMP acts with the target cell's DNA to carry out the chemical messenger's action.

Indicate whether the characteristics below apply to the endocrine system or the nervous system by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code: -Duration of action is brief (milliseconds).

A change in a membrane potential from -70 mV to -70 mV is an example of

Along a neuron, an action potential normally travels from the dendrites to the cell body to the axon.

Indicate whether the membrane is more permeable to K+ or to Na+ or is equally permeable to these ions under the stated conditions by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code: -during the falling phase of an action potential

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division and Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood and Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

The Endocrine System

The Reproductive System

Filters

Indicate whether the membrane is more permeable to K⁺ or to Na⁺ or is equally permeable to these ions under the stated conditions by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code: -during the falling phase of an action potential