Question 1

Which of the following is TRUE regarding recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS)?

Accepted Answer

A)  In blind tests, tasters were easily able to distinguish between wild caught fish and those grown in the laboratory fish farm. 
B)  The types of microbes used in the RAS to manage liquid and solid waste are not found in oceans. 
C)  Scaled-up RAS operations have proven already to be commercially viable. 
D)  Fish harvested from RAS operations will need to be shipped thousands of miles across the globe, increasing the environmental footprint of fish consumption. 
E)  In RAS, the type of fish grown can be chosen based on economic opportunity rather than location. 
A)  In blind tests, tasters were easily able to distinguish between wild caught fish and those grown in the laboratory fish farm. 
B)  The types of microbes used in the RAS to manage liquid and solid waste are not found in oceans. 
C)  Scaled-up RAS operations have proven already to be commercially viable. 
D)  Fish harvested from RAS operations will need to be shipped thousands of miles across the globe, increasing the environmental footprint of fish consumption. 
E)  In RAS, the type of fish grown can be chosen based on economic opportunity rather than location.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Developing countries are dependent on fish as both a source of protein and revenue. 
B)  More than half of all fish sold in the global market comes from developing countries. 
C)  Fish make up the single biggest developing-country export. 
D)  More than 200 million people around the world earn their living in the fishing industry. 
E)  None-all of these statements are true. 
A)  Developing countries are dependent on fish as both a source of protein and revenue. 
B)  More than half of all fish sold in the global market comes from developing countries. 
C)  Fish make up the single biggest developing-country export. 
D)  More than 200 million people around the world earn their living in the fishing industry. 
E)  None-all of these statements are true.

Question 3

Infographic 31.3
 
-Refer to the graph in Infographic 31.3. What does the figure show?

Accepted Answer

A)  fish catch in the 1960s containing mostly lower-trophic-level fish, suggesting that higher-trophic-level fish populations had been depleted 
B)  the size of fish catch that could be harvested in any given year without decreasing the yield in future years 
C)  the decrease in the size of the bycatch of different trophic levels over time as fishing technology improved 
D)  a plot of the Marine Trophic Index from 1950 to 2006, which is a measure of the average trophic level of fish taken in a given year and which is an indicator of the status of a marine ecosystem 
E)  the annual size of the cod harvest from 1950 to 2006 
A)  fish catch in the 1960s containing mostly lower-trophic-level fish, suggesting that higher-trophic-level fish populations had been depleted 
B)  the size of fish catch that could be harvested in any given year without decreasing the yield in future years 
C)  the decrease in the size of the bycatch of different trophic levels over time as fishing technology improved 
D)  a plot of the Marine Trophic Index from 1950 to 2006, which is a measure of the average trophic level of fish taken in a given year and which is an indicator of the status of a marine ecosystem 
E)  the annual size of the cod harvest from 1950 to 2006

Question 4

Many countries have exclusive economic zones (EEZs). How are these EEZs supposed to protect fish populations, and what are the problems with EEZs?

Accepted Answer

Countries enacted EEZs as a method to pr

Question 5

Which of the following is a benefit of recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) in comparison with net or pen aquaculture?

Accepted Answer

A)  Food in RAS systems is controlled by natural processes of the fish life cycle. 
B)  Fish require less food per pound. 
C)  Fish convert their food into flesh at a much higher rate. 
D)  A, B, and C are benefits. 
E)  Only B and C are benefits. 
A)  Food in RAS systems is controlled by natural processes of the fish life cycle. 
B)  Fish require less food per pound. 
C)  Fish convert their food into flesh at a much higher rate. 
D)  A, B, and C are benefits. 
E)  Only B and C are benefits.

Question 6

How can recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) address the environmental challenges posed by net pen and open pond aquaculture? What constrains RAS, given all these advantages?

Accepted Answer

RAS systems, since they are conducted in

Question 7

Fisheries have historically harvested apex predators and fish from high trophic levels.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The difference(s) between fishing and aquaculture is(are) ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  fish populations in aquaculture operations are typically more genetically uniform than wild fish captured by fishing fleets 
B)  unlike fish harvested from the ocean, aquaculture operations have historically been much smaller, producing just enough fish to feed a family or a small village 
C)  the size of the catch in fishing is limited by the size of the wild population, whereas in aquaculture, fish production is primarily limited by the size of the area in which organisms can be grown 
D)  unlike fishing operations, aquaculture produces higher concentrations of waste that can pollute aquatic ecosystems in which they are housed 
E)  All of these answers are differences between fishing and aquaculture. 
A)  fish populations in aquaculture operations are typically more genetically uniform than wild fish captured by fishing fleets 
B)  unlike fish harvested from the ocean, aquaculture operations have historically been much smaller, producing just enough fish to feed a family or a small village 
C)  the size of the catch in fishing is limited by the size of the wild population, whereas in aquaculture, fish production is primarily limited by the size of the area in which organisms can be grown 
D)  unlike fishing operations, aquaculture produces higher concentrations of waste that can pollute aquatic ecosystems in which they are housed 
E)  All of these answers are differences between fishing and aquaculture.

Question 9

In 1992, the United States banned the practice of _______ to catch fish.

Accepted Answer

A)  long-line fishing 
B)  pole fishing 
C)  bottom trawling 
D)  drift netting 
E)  dynamite 
A)  long-line fishing 
B)  pole fishing 
C)  bottom trawling 
D)  drift netting 
E)  dynamite

Question 10

Many people consider the open ocean to be an example of a commons because _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  many different fish populations congregate in the open ocean 
B)  the open ocean is host to an international fishery 
C)  the open ocean supports high biodiversity 
D)  the open ocean is the ideal environment for aquaculture 
E)  fishing is prohibited in the open ocean 
A)  many different fish populations congregate in the open ocean 
B)  the open ocean is host to an international fishery 
C)  the open ocean supports high biodiversity 
D)  the open ocean is the ideal environment for aquaculture 
E)  fishing is prohibited in the open ocean

Question 11

Aquaculture can deplete lower-tropic-level fish because:

Accepted Answer

A)  the fish are not raised in their typical environment. 
B)  the fish are caught and used to feed the farmed fish. 
C)  the pollution from the underwater pens kills the fish. 
D)  harvesting the farmed fish with nets also catches lower-tropic-level fish. 
E)  None of these answers-aquaculture does not affect any other tropic level outside of the farmed fish. 
A)  the fish are not raised in their typical environment. 
B)  the fish are caught and used to feed the farmed fish. 
C)  the pollution from the underwater pens kills the fish. 
D)  harvesting the farmed fish with nets also catches lower-tropic-level fish. 
E)  None of these answers-aquaculture does not affect any other tropic level outside of the farmed fish.

Question 12

Fishing from lower trophic levels helps the recovery of overfished species in higher trophic levels.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Infographic 31.3.
 
-Refer to Infographic 31.3. What can cause a marine food pyramid to look like the one shown in the figure? What effects can it have on the fishing industry and on the ability of top-trophic-level fish to recover?

Accepted Answer

When top-trophic-level fish, such as cod

Question 14

Compared with 1950, only ______ of the large fish like tuna, cod, and halibut remain in the oceans.

Accepted Answer

A)  10% 
B)  25% 
C)  50% 
D)  75% 
E)  90% 
A)  10% 
B)  25% 
C)  50% 
D)  75% 
E)  90%

Question 15

In Frenchman Bay, Maine, the objective of David Alves' program is to "turn fishers into fish farmers." What does this mean, and why does he call this the "future of fishing"?

Accepted Answer

The program shows how to raise cod from

Question 16

__________ are discrete regions of ocean that are legally protected from various forms of human exploitation.

Accepted Answer

A)  Marine economic zones 
B)  Marine sanctuaries 
C)  Marine buffer zones 
D)  Marine-protected areas 
E)  Ocean habitat areas 
A)  Marine economic zones 
B)  Marine sanctuaries 
C)  Marine buffer zones 
D)  Marine-protected areas 
E)  Ocean habitat areas

Question 17

Nontarget species that become trapped in fishing nets and are usually discarded are known as __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  target catch 
B)  endangered species 
C)  bycatch 
D)  depleted fisheries 
E)  fishing down the food chain 
A)  target catch 
B)  endangered species 
C)  bycatch 
D)  depleted fisheries 
E)  fishing down the food chain

Question 18

If recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) facilities become available on a larger-scale, they could potentially lead to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  restoration of coastal mangrove swamps 
B)  sustainable, local production of seafood 
C)  a loss of income for those relying on net pen farms 
D)  A, B, and C 
E)  Only A and B 
A)  restoration of coastal mangrove swamps 
B)  sustainable, local production of seafood 
C)  a loss of income for those relying on net pen farms 
D)  A, B, and C 
E)  Only A and B

Question 19

The ability to spawn, hatch, and raise fish to adulthood in a laboratory setting is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  an ocean-based aquaculture system 
B)  genetic engineering 
C)  hormone-free aquaculture 
D)  aquapod aquaculture 
E)  a recirculating aquaculture system 
A)  an ocean-based aquaculture system 
B)  genetic engineering 
C)  hormone-free aquaculture 
D)  aquapod aquaculture 
E)  a recirculating aquaculture system

Question 20

The tragedy of the commons states that any resource to which a group of people have free access is likely to become ______ and degraded as each seeks to ______ personal benefit without consideration for the needs of others.

Accepted Answer

A)  overexploited; minimize 
B)  overexploited; maximize 
C)  underexploited; minimize 
D)  underexploited; maximize 
E)  bountiful; maximize 
A)  overexploited; minimize 
B)  overexploited; maximize 
C)  underexploited; minimize 
D)  underexploited; maximize 
E)  bountiful; maximize

Exam 31: Technologies-But They Come With a Slew of Problems- Soil and Grassland Resources

Which of the following is TRUE regarding recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS)?

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Infographic 31.3 -Refer to the graph in Infographic 31.3. What does the figure show?

Many countries have exclusive economic zones (EEZs). How are these EEZs supposed to protect fish populations, and what are the problems with EEZs?

Which of the following is a benefit of recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) in comparison with net or pen aquaculture?

How can recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) address the environmental challenges posed by net pen and open pond aquaculture? What constrains RAS, given all these advantages?

Fisheries have historically harvested apex predators and fish from high trophic levels.

The difference(s) between fishing and aquaculture is(are) ___________.

In 1992, the United States banned the practice of _______ to catch fish.

Many people consider the open ocean to be an example of a commons because _______.

Aquaculture can deplete lower-tropic-level fish because:

Fishing from lower trophic levels helps the recovery of overfished species in higher trophic levels.

Infographic 31.3. -Refer to Infographic 31.3. What can cause a marine food pyramid to look like the one shown in the figure? What effects can it have on the fishing industry and on the ability of top-trophic-level fish to recover?

Compared with 1950, only ______ of the large fish like tuna, cod, and halibut remain in the oceans.

In Frenchman Bay, Maine, the objective of David Alves' program is to "turn fishers into fish farmers." What does this mean, and why does he call this the "future of fishing"?

__________ are discrete regions of ocean that are legally protected from various forms of human exploitation.

Nontarget species that become trapped in fishing nets and are usually discarded are known as __________.

If recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) facilities become available on a larger-scale, they could potentially lead to __________.

The ability to spawn, hatch, and raise fish to adulthood in a laboratory setting is known as ________.

The tragedy of the commons states that any resource to which a group of people have free access is likely to become ______ and degraded as each seeks to ______ personal benefit without consideration for the needs of others.

Environmental Literacy and the Goal of Sustainability - on the Road to Collapse: What Lessons Can We Learn From a Vanished Viking Society

Science Literacy and the Process of Science- Science and the Sky: Solving the Mystery of the Disappearing Ozone

Information Literacy:toxic Bottles on the Trail of Chemicals in Our Everyday Lives- Human Populations and Environmental Health

Human Populations- One Child China Grows Up: a Country Faces the Outcomes of Radical Population Control

Environmental Health- Eradicating a Parasitic Nightmare: Human Health Is Intricately Linked to the Environment- Consumption and the Environmental Footprint

Ecological Economics and Consumption- Wall to Wall, Cradle to Cradle: a Leading Carpet Company Takes a Chance on Going Green

Managing Solid Waste- a Plastic Surf: Are the Oceans Teeming With Trash- Ecology

Ecosystems and Nutrient Cycling- Engineering Earth: an Ambitious Attempt to Replicate Earths Life Support Systems Goes Awry

Population Ecology- the Wolf Watchers: Endangered Gray Wolves Return to the American West

Community Ecology- What the Stork Says: a Bird Species in the Everglades Reveals the Intricacies of a Threatened Ecosystem- Biodiversity and Evolution

Evolution- a Tropical Murder Mystery: Finding the Missing Birds of Guam

Biodiversity- Palm Planet: Production of a Common Household Ingredient Is Wreaking Havoc on Wildlife Across the Globe

Reserving Biodiversity- a Forest Without Elephants: Can We Save One of Earths Iconic Species- Water Resources

Freshwater Resources- Toilet to Tap: a California County Is Employing a Controversial Method to - Supply Drinking Water

Water Pollution- Into the Gulf: the Makings of a Dead Zone, Far Upstream- Food Resources

Feeding the World - a Gene Revolution: Can Genetically Engineered Food Help End Hunger

Agriculture- Farming Like an Ecosystem: Creative Solutions to Feeding the World- Conventional Energy: Fossil Fuels

Coal- Bringing Down the Mountain: in the Rubble, the True Costs of Coal

Oil and Natural Gas- the Bakken Oil Boom: Is Our Next Big Fuel Source Our Dirtiest- Air Pollution: Consequences of Using Fossil Fuels

Air Pollution- the Youngest Scientists: Kids on the Frontlines of Asthma Research

Climate Change- When the Trees Leave: Scientists Grapple With a Shifting Climate- Alternatives to Fossil Fuels

Nuclear Power - the Future of Fukushima: Can Nuclear Energy Overcome Its Bad Rep

Sustainable Energy for Stationary Sources- Fueled by the Sun: a Small Island Makes Big Strides in Renewable Energy- Sustainable Living in Community

Urbanization- the Ghetto Goes Green: in the Bronx, Building a Better Backyard

Environmental Policy

Counterfeit Cooling: in the Global Effort to Thwart Climate Change, Some Lessons Are

Learned After the Fact

Optional Chapters Available in Launchpad

Mineral Resources and Mining

Rare Earth Elements: a Bevy of Unfamiliar Minerals Are Crucial for Our Everyday

Restoring the Range: the Key to Recovering the Worlds Grasslands May Be a Surprising One

Filters

The tragedy of the commons states that any resource to which a group of people have free access is likely to become and degraded as each seeks to personal benefit without consideration for the needs of others.