Question 1

List three ways in which flux is controlled through glycolysis.

Accepted Answer

A)  regulation of aldolase, PFK-1, and supply and demand of intermediates 
B)  regulation of glucokinase, fructokinase, and number of intermediates 
C)  regulation of glucokinase, PFK-1, and concentration of glucose 
D)  regulation of glucokinase, PFK-1, and supply and demand of intermediates 
A)  regulation of aldolase, PFK-1, and supply and demand of intermediates 
B)  regulation of glucokinase, fructokinase, and number of intermediates 
C)  regulation of glucokinase, PFK-1, and concentration of glucose 
D)  regulation of glucokinase, PFK-1, and supply and demand of intermediates

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a reason why glycolysis is considered one of the core metabolic pathways in nature?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glycolytic enzymes are hugely conserved among all living organisms. 
B)  It is a primary pathway for ATP generation under anaerobic conditions. 
C)  Metabolites of glycolysis are precursors for a large number of interdependent pathways. 
D)  It is a primary pathway for nitrogen generation. 
A)  Glycolytic enzymes are hugely conserved among all living organisms. 
B)  It is a primary pathway for ATP generation under anaerobic conditions. 
C)  Metabolites of glycolysis are precursors for a large number of interdependent pathways. 
D)  It is a primary pathway for nitrogen generation.

Question 3

In your own words explain why glycolysis is considered one of the core metabolic pathways in nature.

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis,or the glycolytic pathway,is

Question 4

List the major metabolic pathways in animals and classify each as either an energy conversion pathway or a synthesis/degradation pathway

Accepted Answer

Pentose phosphate pathway,gluconeogenesi

Question 5

What does glycolysis accomplish for the cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  It generates ADP for the cell to be used in other cycles. 
B)  It generates ATP and pyruvate for the cell to be used in other cycles. 
C)  It generates glucose to be used for storage. 
D)  It generates CO2 that is exhaled. 
A)  It generates ADP for the cell to be used in other cycles. 
B)  It generates ATP and pyruvate for the cell to be used in other cycles. 
C)  It generates glucose to be used for storage. 
D)  It generates CO2 that is exhaled.

Question 6

Three reactions in glycolysis operate far from equilibrium and are potential sites for major flux control.List the three enzymes and explain why each enzyme is or is not the major control site of glycolysis.

Accepted Answer

Hexokinase,phosphofructokinase-1,and pyr

Question 7

Which coenzyme is required to convert glyceraldehyde-3-P into 1,3-bisphosphosphoglycerate?

Accepted Answer

A)  FAD+ 
B)  NAD+ 
C)  ATP 
D)  Pi 
A)  FAD+ 
B)  NAD+ 
C)  ATP 
D)  Pi

Question 8

When a mixture of glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate is incubated with the enzyme phosphohexose isomerase,the final mixture contains twice as much glucose 6-phosphate as fructose 6-phosphate.Which one of the following statements is MOST correct,when applied to the reaction below (R = 8.315 J/mol·K and T = 298 K)? Glucose 6-phosphate $\leftrightarrow$ fructose 6-phosphate

Accepted Answer

A)    is +1.7 kJ/mol. 
B)    is -1.7 kJ/mol. 
C)    is zero. 
D)  It is not possible to calculate   
A)    is +1.7 kJ/mol. 
B)    is -1.7 kJ/mol. 
C)    is zero. 
D)  It is not possible to calculate

Question 9

How does phosphoglycerate kinase make glycolysis energy neutral at this step?

Accepted Answer

A)  It uses ATP to produce 3-phosphoglycerate. 
B)  It produces 2 ATP along with 3-phosphoglycerate. 
C)  It results in a reaction at equilibrium. 
D)  It results in a reaction is endergonic. 
A)  It uses ATP to produce 3-phosphoglycerate. 
B)  It produces 2 ATP along with 3-phosphoglycerate. 
C)  It results in a reaction at equilibrium. 
D)  It results in a reaction is endergonic.

Question 10

What is the main difference between energy conversion pathways and metabolite synthesis pathways?

Accepted Answer

A)  Energy conversion pathways produce ATP. 
B)  Energy conversion pathways deplete ATP. 
C)  Metabolite synthesis pathway uses ATP to break down metabolites. 
D)  Metabolite synthesis pathway uses ATP to break down pyruvate. 
A)  Energy conversion pathways produce ATP. 
B)  Energy conversion pathways deplete ATP. 
C)  Metabolite synthesis pathway uses ATP to break down metabolites. 
D)  Metabolite synthesis pathway uses ATP to break down pyruvate.

Question 11

What is the relationship between the molecules in the figure below?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are isomers. 
B)  They are anomers. 
C)  They are epimers. 
D)  They are identical. 
A)  They are isomers. 
B)  They are anomers. 
C)  They are epimers. 
D)  They are identical.

Question 12

Explain why in the production of beer,the yeast are first grown under aerobic conditions and then shifted to anaerobic conditions.

Accepted Answer

The oxygen is needed for the production

Question 13

In the following series of reactions,what is the shared intermediate?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose-6-P 
B)  fructose-6-P 
C)  ATP 
D)  fructose-1,6-P 
A)  glucose-6-P 
B)  fructose-6-P 
C)  ATP 
D)  fructose-1,6-P

Question 14

Review the figure below.Shared intermediates are used so effectively in coupled reactions because they

Accepted Answer

A)  allow products to diffuse through membrane to increase concentration gradient. 
B)  increase the value of   . 
C)  decrease the value of Q. 
D)  limit product diffusion and allow intermediates to channel from one enzyme to the next. 
A)  allow products to diffuse through membrane to increase concentration gradient. 
B)  increase the value of   . 
C)  decrease the value of Q. 
D)  limit product diffusion and allow intermediates to channel from one enzyme to the next.

Question 15

Where in the body is glucokinase found?

Accepted Answer

A)  small intestine 
B)  liver 
C)  heart 
D)  thyroid 
A)  small intestine 
B)  liver 
C)  heart 
D)  thyroid

Question 16

List the major metabolic pathways in plants and classify each as either an energy conversion pathway or a synthesis/degradation pathway.

Accepted Answer

Pentose phosphate pathway,gluconeogenesi

Question 17

Illustrate both the Fisher and Haworth projections for glucose and fructose

Accepted Answer

The answer of Illustrate both the Fisher and Haworth projections...

Question 18

Which of the following pathways are found in both plants and animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  photosynthesis and carbon fixation 
B)  urea cycle 
C)  nitrogen fixation 
D)  citrate cycle 
A)  photosynthesis and carbon fixation 
B)  urea cycle 
C)  nitrogen fixation 
D)  citrate cycle

Question 19

Which reaction in glycolysis is a redox reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  glyceraldehyde-3-P   1,3-bisphosphoglycerate 
B)  glucose  Glucose-6-P 
C)  2-phosphoglycerate  Phosphoenolpyruvate 
D)  fructose-6-P  Fructose-1,6-BP 
A)  glyceraldehyde-3-P   1,3-bisphosphoglycerate 
B)  glucose  Glucose-6-P 
C)  2-phosphoglycerate  Phosphoenolpyruvate 
D)  fructose-6-P  Fructose-1,6-BP

Question 20

Using the table below,explain why glycolysis is an overall favorable reaction pathway.

Accepted Answer

A) Overall the pathway is > 0. B) Overall the pathway is = 0. C) Overall the pathway is < 0. D) Overall the pathway is < 1. A) Overall the pathway is > 0. B) Overall the pathway is = 0. C) Overall the pathway is < 0. D) Overall the pathway is < 1.

Exam 9: Glycolysis: a Paradigm of Metabolic Regulation

List three ways in which flux is controlled through glycolysis.

Which of the following is NOT a reason why glycolysis is considered one of the core metabolic pathways in nature?

In your own words explain why glycolysis is considered one of the core metabolic pathways in nature.

List the major metabolic pathways in animals and classify each as either an energy conversion pathway or a synthesis/degradation pathway

What does glycolysis accomplish for the cell?

Three reactions in glycolysis operate far from equilibrium and are potential sites for major flux control.List the three enzymes and explain why each enzyme is or is not the major control site of glycolysis.

Which coenzyme is required to convert glyceraldehyde-3-P into 1,3-bisphosphosphoglycerate?

How does phosphoglycerate kinase make glycolysis energy neutral at this step?

What is the main difference between energy conversion pathways and metabolite synthesis pathways?

What is the relationship between the molecules in the figure below?

Explain why in the production of beer,the yeast are first grown under aerobic conditions and then shifted to anaerobic conditions.

In the following series of reactions,what is the shared intermediate?

Review the figure below.Shared intermediates are used so effectively in coupled reactions because they

Where in the body is glucokinase found?

List the major metabolic pathways in plants and classify each as either an energy conversion pathway or a synthesis/degradation pathway.

Illustrate both the Fisher and Haworth projections for glucose and fructose

Which of the following pathways are found in both plants and animals?

Which reaction in glycolysis is a redox reaction?

Using the table below,explain why glycolysis is an overall favorable reaction pathway.

Principles of Biochemistry

Physical Biochemistry: Energy Conversion,water,and Membranes

Nucleic Acid Structure and Function

Protein Structure

Methods in Protein Biochemistry

Protein Function

Enzyme Mechanisms

Cell Signaling Systems

The Citrate Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Carbohydrate Structure and Function

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Lipid Structure and Function

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleotide Metabolism

Metabolic Integration

Dna Replication, repair, and Recombination

Rna Synthesis, processing, and Gene Silencing

Protein Synthesis, posttranslational Modification, and Transport

Gene Regulation

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