Question 1

A carbohydrate that reacts with oxidizing agents such as Cu+2 is called a(n)__________ sugar.

Accepted Answer

A)  oxidizing 
B)  reducing 
C)  rentose 
D)  aldose 
A)  oxidizing 
B)  reducing 
C)  rentose 
D)  aldose

Question 2

Draw the mechanism for bisphosphoglycerate mutase and explain how this reaction has an effect on oxygen transport.

Accepted Answer

As shown in Figure 9.34,bisphosphoglycer

Question 3

In glycolysis,fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is converted to two products with a standard free-energy change (   )of 23.8 kJ/mol.Under what conditions (encountered in erythrocytes)will the free-energy change (   )be negative,enabling the reaction to proceed to products?

Accepted Answer

A)  The free-energy change will be negative if the concentrations of the two products are high relative to that of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. 
B)  The reaction will not go to the right spontaneously under any conditions because the   is positive. 
C)  Under standard conditions, enough energy is released to drive the reaction to the right. 
D)  The free-energy change will be negative when there is a high concentration of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate relative to the concentration of products. 
A)  The free-energy change will be negative if the concentrations of the two products are high relative to that of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. 
B)  The reaction will not go to the right spontaneously under any conditions because the   is positive. 
C)  Under standard conditions, enough energy is released to drive the reaction to the right. 
D)  The free-energy change will be negative when there is a high concentration of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate relative to the concentration of products.

Question 4

What may be the root cause of the slowing of the flux of metabolites through the glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways in your body?

Accepted Answer

A)  elevated levels of amino acids in the body 
B)  elevated levels of glycogen in the body 
C)  lowered levels of protein synthesis 
D)  lowered levels of enzyme activity 
A)  elevated levels of amino acids in the body 
B)  elevated levels of glycogen in the body 
C)  lowered levels of protein synthesis 
D)  lowered levels of enzyme activity

Question 5

Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is converted to two products with a standard free energy of 23.8 kJ/mol.Under what condition(s)will this reaction become spontaneous?

Accepted Answer

A)  spontaneous under any conditions 
B)  spontaneous under all conditions 
C)  when there is a high concentration of products relative to the concentration of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 
D)  when there is a low concentration of products relative to the concentration of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 
A)  spontaneous under any conditions 
B)  spontaneous under all conditions 
C)  when there is a high concentration of products relative to the concentration of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 
D)  when there is a low concentration of products relative to the concentration of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

Question 6

Metabolism is best defined as a collection of

Accepted Answer

A)  biochemical reactions that convert chemical energy into work. 
B)  biochemical reactions that convert mechanical energy into work. 
C)  enzymes that convert glucose into carbon dioxide. 
D)  enzymes that convert amino acids into proteins. 
A)  biochemical reactions that convert chemical energy into work. 
B)  biochemical reactions that convert mechanical energy into work. 
C)  enzymes that convert glucose into carbon dioxide. 
D)  enzymes that convert amino acids into proteins.

Question 7

The glycolytic pathway is responsible for passing molecules to which other pathways?

Accepted Answer

A)  citrate cycle and nitrogen fixation 
B)  photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation 
C)  citrate cycle and oxidative phosphorylation 
D)  urea cycle and fatty acid synthesis 
A)  citrate cycle and nitrogen fixation 
B)  photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation 
C)  citrate cycle and oxidative phosphorylation 
D)  urea cycle and fatty acid synthesis

Question 8

Explain why people who have the genetic disease lactate dehydrogenase deficiency cannot maintain intense exercise.

Accepted Answer

These people cannot maintain sustained p

Question 9

Flux is defined as the rate at which __________ is/are interconverted.

Accepted Answer

A)  enzymes 
B)  metabolites 
C)  sugars 
D)  energy 
A)  enzymes 
B)  metabolites 
C)  sugars 
D)  energy

Question 10

Define aldose.

Accepted Answer

A)  Only aldose molecules have CH2OH. 
B)  Aldose molecules have ketone functional groups. 
C)  Aldose molecules have aldehyde functional groups. 
D)  Aldose molecules are all five-membered rings. 
A)  Only aldose molecules have CH2OH. 
B)  Aldose molecules have ketone functional groups. 
C)  Aldose molecules have aldehyde functional groups. 
D)  Aldose molecules are all five-membered rings.

Question 11

List the 10 enzymes required for glycolysis.

Accepted Answer

Hexokinase,phosphoglucoisomerase,phospho

Question 12

A chiral center is an atom with

Accepted Answer

A)  two different functional groups and a strong dipole. 
B)  four different functional groups and which lacks a plane of symmetry. 
C)  all the same functional groups and a plane of symmetry. 
D)  the ability to hydrogen bond. 
A)  two different functional groups and a strong dipole. 
B)  four different functional groups and which lacks a plane of symmetry. 
C)  all the same functional groups and a plane of symmetry. 
D)  the ability to hydrogen bond.

Question 13

Explain why disaccharides are more common in nature than monosaccharides.

Accepted Answer

Disaccharides are sugars formed by a con

Question 14

Define ketose.

Accepted Answer

A)  Only ketose molecules have CH2OH. 
B)  Ketose molecules have ketone functional groups. 
C)  Ketose molecules have aldehyde functional groups. 
D)  Ketose molecules are all five-membered rings. 
A)  Only ketose molecules have CH2OH. 
B)  Ketose molecules have ketone functional groups. 
C)  Ketose molecules have aldehyde functional groups. 
D)  Ketose molecules are all five-membered rings.

Question 15

Hexokinase has a Km of 0.1 mM for glucose,whereas glucokinase has a Km of 10 mM for glucose.What does that mean for their relative affinities for glucose?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glucokinase has a higher affinity. 
B)  Hexokinase has a higher affinity. 
C)  Km does not measure affinity. 
D)  They are different enzymes and affinity cannot be compared between enzymes. 
A)  Glucokinase has a higher affinity. 
B)  Hexokinase has a higher affinity. 
C)  Km does not measure affinity. 
D)  They are different enzymes and affinity cannot be compared between enzymes.

Question 16

Galactosemia is deficiency in which enzyme?

Accepted Answer

A)  galactokinase 
B)  galactose-1-P uridyltransferase 
C)  UDP-galactose 4-epimerase 
D)  phosphoglucomutase 
A)  galactokinase 
B)  galactose-1-P uridyltransferase 
C)  UDP-galactose 4-epimerase 
D)  phosphoglucomutase

Question 17

If you are unable to digest milk products,what is the metabolic root of that issue?

Accepted Answer

A)  maltase 
B)  lactase 
C)  sucrose 
D)  glucose oxidase 
A)  maltase 
B)  lactase 
C)  sucrose 
D)  glucose oxidase

Question 18

Which of the following is an energy conversion pathway?

Accepted Answer

A)  urea cycle 
B)  citrate cycle 
C)  nitrogen fixation and assimilation 
D)  fatty acid degradation and synthesis 
A)  urea cycle 
B)  citrate cycle 
C)  nitrogen fixation and assimilation 
D)  fatty acid degradation and synthesis

Question 19

Why do individuals with defects in glycolytic enzymes have altered oxygen transport capabilities?

Accepted Answer

It is due to increased or decreased leve

Question 20

An infant who obtains nourishment from milk and who has galactosemia is unable to convert

Accepted Answer

A)  galactose-1-P to glucose-6-P. 
B)  glucose-6-P to galactose-1-P. 
C)  galactose-1-P to glucose-1-P. 
D)  glucose-1-P to galactose-1-P. 
A)  galactose-1-P to glucose-6-P. 
B)  glucose-6-P to galactose-1-P. 
C)  galactose-1-P to glucose-1-P. 
D)  glucose-1-P to galactose-1-P.

Exam 9: Glycolysis: a Paradigm of Metabolic Regulation

A carbohydrate that reacts with oxidizing agents such as Cu+2 is called a(n)__________ sugar.

Draw the mechanism for bisphosphoglycerate mutase and explain how this reaction has an effect on oxygen transport.

In glycolysis,fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is converted to two products with a standard free-energy change ( )of 23.8 kJ/mol.Under what conditions (encountered in erythrocytes)will the free-energy change ( )be negative,enabling the reaction to proceed to products?

What may be the root cause of the slowing of the flux of metabolites through the glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways in your body?

Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is converted to two products with a standard free energy of 23.8 kJ/mol.Under what condition(s)will this reaction become spontaneous?

Metabolism is best defined as a collection of

The glycolytic pathway is responsible for passing molecules to which other pathways?

Explain why people who have the genetic disease lactate dehydrogenase deficiency cannot maintain intense exercise.

Flux is defined as the rate at which __________ is/are interconverted.

Define aldose.

List the 10 enzymes required for glycolysis.

A chiral center is an atom with

Explain why disaccharides are more common in nature than monosaccharides.

Define ketose.

Hexokinase has a Km of 0.1 mM for glucose,whereas glucokinase has a Km of 10 mM for glucose.What does that mean for their relative affinities for glucose?

Galactosemia is deficiency in which enzyme?

If you are unable to digest milk products,what is the metabolic root of that issue?

Which of the following is an energy conversion pathway?

Why do individuals with defects in glycolytic enzymes have altered oxygen transport capabilities?

An infant who obtains nourishment from milk and who has galactosemia is unable to convert

Principles of Biochemistry

Physical Biochemistry: Energy Conversion,water,and Membranes

Nucleic Acid Structure and Function

Protein Structure

Methods in Protein Biochemistry

Protein Function

Enzyme Mechanisms

Cell Signaling Systems

The Citrate Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Carbohydrate Structure and Function

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Lipid Structure and Function

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleotide Metabolism

Metabolic Integration

Dna Replication, repair, and Recombination

Rna Synthesis, processing, and Gene Silencing

Protein Synthesis, posttranslational Modification, and Transport

Gene Regulation

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