Question 1

Explain the difference between the coding strand and the template strand of DNA as it relates to RNA transcription.

Accepted Answer

When DNA is transcribed into RNA,the coding strand has the same base sequence as the RNA transcript.The template strand has a complementary sequence to the transcribed RNA.

Question 2

Histones participate in the process of supercoiling DNA.Using the figure below,outline the three steps in this process labeled A,B,and C.

Accepted Answer

A,The nucleosome is assembled.A relaxed circular piece of DNA is wrapped around a histone core,which results in both negative and positive supercoiling.B,An enzyme-catalyzed double strand break removes the positive supercoil.C,The histone core is removed by protein extraction.

Question 3

Compare and contrast a monocistronic gene and a polycistronic gene.

Accepted Answer

Monocistronic genes contain a promoter and a single protein-coding sequence.Polycistronic genes also contain a promoter but have multiple coding regions.Therefore,monocistronic genes only encode for one protein,whereas polycistronic genes encode for multiple proteins in a single RNA transcript.

Question 4

Identify the products when Smal cleaves the following DNA sequence.

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)

Question 5

The basic structure of DNA is a right-handed helix formed by two __________ strands of DNA.

Accepted Answer

A)  antiparallel 
B)  parallel 
C)  coding 
D)  template 
A)  antiparallel 
B)  parallel 
C)  coding 
D)  template

Question 6

Describe and explain what occurs at the three temperature phases in PCR.

Accepted Answer

In the first temperature phase,the DNA i

Question 7

Which protein is responsible for the proper separation of the chromosomes during cell division?

Accepted Answer

A)  telomeres 
B)  centromeres 
C)  kinetochores 
D)  sister chromatids 
A)  telomeres 
B)  centromeres 
C)  kinetochores 
D)  sister chromatids

Question 8

How does the organization of prokaryotic genes differ from the organization of eukaryotic genes?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic genes can either be monocist

Question 9

In plasmid transformation,DNA is transferred when

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteriophages infect bacteria. 
B)  foreign DNA fragments are inserted into the plasmid using multiple cloning sites. 
C)  there is a horizontal gene transfer during the bacteria mating process. 
D)  a dead bacterium releases DNA into the environment and it is obtained by another bacterium. 
A)  bacteriophages infect bacteria. 
B)  foreign DNA fragments are inserted into the plasmid using multiple cloning sites. 
C)  there is a horizontal gene transfer during the bacteria mating process. 
D)  a dead bacterium releases DNA into the environment and it is obtained by another bacterium.

Question 10

Compare and contrast the structure of euchromatin and heterochromatin.Explain how their structure relates to biological function.

Accepted Answer

Euchromatin is less condensed and more g

Question 11

Below are the steps involved in cloning gene sequences using mRNA.Arrange the steps in the appropriate order.
1)The double-stranded cDNA is treated with a restriction endonuclease to generate compatible ends for annealing and ligation.
2)mRNA is isolated from the cell and converted back into double-stranded sequences using reverse transcriptase to generate complementary DNA.
3)The RNA-DNA hybrid is treated with a nuclease to cleave the RNA strand,producing RNA fragments.
4)Reverse transcriptase completes the single-stranded cDNA when it reaches the   end of the mRNA transcript.
5)RNA fragments serve as primers for DNA synthesis of the second strand of cDNA using DNA polymerase.

Accepted Answer

A) 4,2,1,5,3 
B) 2,4,3,5,1 
C) 2,3,5,4,1 
D) 3,2,5,4,1 
A) 4,2,1,5,3 
B) 2,4,3,5,1 
C) 2,3,5,4,1 
D) 3,2,5,4,1

Question 12

Identify the kinetochore in the following figure.

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Question 13

What are the three ways that RNA and DNA differ?

Accepted Answer

1.RNA has a hydroxyl group on the @#IMG-DLM&_TB669

Question 14

In the production of recombinant DNA,which enzyme links matching cohesive ends using covalent interactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA methylase 
B)  restriction endonucleases 
C)  reverse transcriptase 
D)  DNA ligase 
A)  DNA methylase 
B)  restriction endonucleases 
C)  reverse transcriptase 
D)  DNA ligase

Question 15

The K+ ion concentration in a DNA sample is increased from 50 mM to 100 mM.The Tm will

Accepted Answer

A)  remain the same. 
B)  decrease. 
C)  increase. 
D)  vary unpredictably. 
A)  remain the same. 
B)  decrease. 
C)  increase. 
D)  vary unpredictably.

Question 16

When DNA is sequenced,which analytical technique is used to separate the chain-terminated DNA fragments?

Accepted Answer

A)  gel electrophoresis 
B)  blue-white screening 
C)  antibiotic resistance 
D)  fluorescent labeling 
A)  gel electrophoresis 
B)  blue-white screening 
C)  antibiotic resistance 
D)  fluorescent labeling

Question 17

Explain why it is advantageous to use plasmids to produce recombinant DNA.

Accepted Answer

Plasmids can replicate inside a cell ind

Question 18

A double helix that crosses itself in a left-handed twist is referred to as a

Accepted Answer

A)  positive supercoil. 
B)  negative supercoil. 
C)  topoisomer. 
D)  linking number. 
A)  positive supercoil. 
B)  negative supercoil. 
C)  topoisomer. 
D)  linking number.

Question 19

Why does DNA contain thymine instead of uracil?

Accepted Answer

A common reaction in cells is for cytosi

Question 20

When DNA is transcribed into RNA,the __________ strand has the complementary sequence to the transcribed RNA.

Accepted Answer

A)  antiparallel 
B)  parallel 
C)  coding 
D)  template 
A)  antiparallel 
B)  parallel 
C)  coding 
D)  template

Exam 3: Nucleic Acid Structure and Function

Explain the difference between the coding strand and the template strand of DNA as it relates to RNA transcription.

Histones participate in the process of supercoiling DNA.Using the figure below,outline the three steps in this process labeled A,B,and C.

Compare and contrast a monocistronic gene and a polycistronic gene.

Identify the products when Smal cleaves the following DNA sequence.

The basic structure of DNA is a right-handed helix formed by two __________ strands of DNA.

Describe and explain what occurs at the three temperature phases in PCR.

Which protein is responsible for the proper separation of the chromosomes during cell division?

How does the organization of prokaryotic genes differ from the organization of eukaryotic genes?

In plasmid transformation,DNA is transferred when

Compare and contrast the structure of euchromatin and heterochromatin.Explain how their structure relates to biological function.

Identify the kinetochore in the following figure.

What are the three ways that RNA and DNA differ?

In the production of recombinant DNA,which enzyme links matching cohesive ends using covalent interactions?

The K+ ion concentration in a DNA sample is increased from 50 mM to 100 mM.The Tm will

When DNA is sequenced,which analytical technique is used to separate the chain-terminated DNA fragments?

Explain why it is advantageous to use plasmids to produce recombinant DNA.

A double helix that crosses itself in a left-handed twist is referred to as a

Why does DNA contain thymine instead of uracil?

When DNA is transcribed into RNA,the __________ strand has the complementary sequence to the transcribed RNA.

Principles of Biochemistry

Physical Biochemistry: Energy Conversion,water,and Membranes

Protein Structure

Methods in Protein Biochemistry

Protein Function

Enzyme Mechanisms

Cell Signaling Systems

Glycolysis: a Paradigm of Metabolic Regulation

The Citrate Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Carbohydrate Structure and Function

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Lipid Structure and Function

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleotide Metabolism

Metabolic Integration

Dna Replication, repair, and Recombination

Rna Synthesis, processing, and Gene Silencing

Protein Synthesis, posttranslational Modification, and Transport

Gene Regulation

Filters

The K⁺ ion concentration in a DNA sample is increased from 50 mM to 100 mM.The T_m will