Question 1

Viral load testing is of most clinical utility in all of the following situations EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  initial diagnosis of HIV infection when antibody tests are positive 
B)  monitoring patients during antiretroviral therapy 
C)  setting a baseline before antiretroviral therapy has begun 
D)  investigating a patient's sudden drop in T-cell count 
A)  initial diagnosis of HIV infection when antibody tests are positive 
B)  monitoring patients during antiretroviral therapy 
C)  setting a baseline before antiretroviral therapy has begun 
D)  investigating a patient's sudden drop in T-cell count A

Question 2

A 22-year-old male sees his physician for an annual checkup.He reported having flu-like symptoms including fever,sore throat,and lymphadenopathy several months ago.He has lost about 10 pounds but otherwise feels fine.Since he reports that a former girlfriend told him she is HIV positive,the physician recommends testing.An ELISA test is positive,a Western blot is positive,and a CD4+ T-cell count is 500/$\mu$L.What do these results indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)  He has AIDS. 
B)  He has recovered from HIV infection. 
C)  He is HIV positive but in a latent stage. 
D)  He has an opportunistic infection and not HIV. 
A)  He has AIDS. 
B)  He has recovered from HIV infection. 
C)  He is HIV positive but in a latent stage. 
D)  He has an opportunistic infection and not HIV. C

Question 3

What is the main mechanism of action of nucleoside analogue drugs such as zidovudine?

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibiting the action of reverse transcriptase 
B)  blocking entry of HIV into host cells 
C)  acting as protease inhibitors 
D)  preventing release of HIV particles 
A)  inhibiting the action of reverse transcriptase 
B)  blocking entry of HIV into host cells 
C)  acting as protease inhibitors 
D)  preventing release of HIV particles A

Question 4

The HIV p24 protein encodes:

Accepted Answer

A)  group-specific antigen (GAG) 
B)  the receptor for host cells (ENV) 
C)  reverse transcriptase (POL) 
D)  none of these 
A)  group-specific antigen (GAG) 
B)  the receptor for host cells (ENV) 
C)  reverse transcriptase (POL) 
D)  none of these

Question 5

A 25-year-old male presents to the public health clinic complaining of flu-like symptoms.The man has been an IV drug user and prostitute for the last 5 years.HIV antibody screening is positive.Subsequently,antibodies are found to have specificity for p24,gp120,p31,and gp41.This patient has:

Accepted Answer

A)  current HIV infection 
B)  indeterminate HIV infection 
C)  lack of HIV infection 
D)  infection with some other virus 
A)  current HIV infection 
B)  indeterminate HIV infection 
C)  lack of HIV infection 
D)  infection with some other virus

Question 6

All of the following conditions would indicate AIDS EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  a CD4+ count of less than 200 cells/$\mu$L 
B)  Kaposi's sarcoma 
C)  esophageal candidiasis 
D)  infectious mononucleosis 
A)  a CD4+ count of less than 200 cells/$\mu$L 
B)  Kaposi's sarcoma 
C)  esophageal candidiasis 
D)  infectious mononucleosis

Question 7

Which test would be most reliable in detecting HIV infection in an infant younger than 18 months of age?

Accepted Answer

A)  ELISA test for antibody 
B)  testing for p24 antigen 
C)  Western blot 
D)  DNA PCR testing 
A)  ELISA test for antibody 
B)  testing for p24 antigen 
C)  Western blot 
D)  DNA PCR testing

Question 8

Which technique is most widely used for the confirmation of a positive serologic assay for antibodies against HIV?

Accepted Answer

A)  enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELIS
A)  
B)  complement fixation 
C)  Western blot assay 
D)  polymerase chain reaction 
A)  enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELIS
A)  
B)  complement fixation 
C)  Western blot assay 
D)  polymerase chain reaction

Question 9

All of the following body fluids are considered to be possible routes of transmission for HIV even if there is no visible sign of blood EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  spinal fluid 
B)  semen 
C)  urine 
D)  vaginal secretions 
A)  spinal fluid 
B)  semen 
C)  urine 
D)  vaginal secretions

Question 10

A patient has serum tested for HIV antibodies by ELISA,and the test is positive.The patient's serum is retested in duplicate with two more positive results.What should be done next?

Accepted Answer

A)  Patient is diagnosed with acute HIV infection. 
B)  Serum is tested for antibodies against hepatitis C virus. 
C)  HIV Western blot assay is performed on patient's serum. 
D)  Results mean that patient had HIV in the past but not now. 
A)  Patient is diagnosed with acute HIV infection. 
B)  Serum is tested for antibodies against hepatitis C virus. 
C)  HIV Western blot assay is performed on patient's serum. 
D)  Results mean that patient had HIV in the past but not now.

Question 11

Which is most likely a positive Western blot result for infection with HIV?

Accepted Answer

A)  band at p24 
B)  band at gp60 
C)  bands at p24 and p31 
D)  bands at p24 and gp120 
A)  band at p24 
B)  band at gp60 
C)  bands at p24 and p31 
D)  bands at p24 and gp120

Question 12

The Western blot test used to confirm HIV is an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  immunofixation 
B)  immunoelectrophoresis 
C)  double diffusion 
D)  passive agglutination 
A)  immunofixation 
B)  immunoelectrophoresis 
C)  double diffusion 
D)  passive agglutination

Question 13

Which of the following HIV-encoded proteins/glycoproteins is the receptor for host cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  p24 
B)  gp120 
C)  gp41 
D)  p31 
A)  p24 
B)  gp120 
C)  gp41 
D)  p31

Question 14

What is different about the replication cycle of HIV that separates it from many other RNA viruses?

Accepted Answer

A)  Viral RNA is used to make cDNA. 
B)  Viral RNA replicates itself directly to make new RNA. 
C)  The virus reproduces only in B cells. 
D)  Proviral DNA makes new viral particles immediately. 
A)  Viral RNA is used to make cDNA. 
B)  Viral RNA replicates itself directly to make new RNA. 
C)  The virus reproduces only in B cells. 
D)  Proviral DNA makes new viral particles immediately.

Viral load testing is of most clinical utility in all of the following situations EXCEPT:

What is the main mechanism of action of nucleoside analogue drugs such as zidovudine?

The HIV p24 protein encodes:

A 25-year-old male presents to the public health clinic complaining of flu-like symptoms.The man has been an IV drug user and prostitute for the last 5 years.HIV antibody screening is positive.Subsequently,antibodies are found to have specificity for p24,gp120,p31,and gp41.This patient has:

All of the following conditions would indicate AIDS EXCEPT:

Which test would be most reliable in detecting HIV infection in an infant younger than 18 months of age?

Which technique is most widely used for the confirmation of a positive serologic assay for antibodies against HIV?

All of the following body fluids are considered to be possible routes of transmission for HIV even if there is no visible sign of blood EXCEPT:

A patient has serum tested for HIV antibodies by ELISA,and the test is positive.The patient's serum is retested in duplicate with two more positive results.What should be done next?

Which is most likely a positive Western blot result for infection with HIV?

The Western blot test used to confirm HIV is an example of which of the following?

Which of the following HIV-encoded proteins/glycoproteins is the receptor for host cells?

What is different about the replication cycle of HIV that separates it from many other RNA viruses?

Introduction and Natural Immunity

Lymphoid System

Nature of Antigens and Major Histocompatibility Complex

Antibody Structure and Function

Cytokines

Complement System

Safety and Specimen Preparation

Precipitation Reactions

Agglutination

Labeled Immunoassays

Molecular Techniques

Flow Cytometry and Laboratory Automation

Hypersensitivity

Autoimmunity

Immunoproliferative Diseases

Immunodeficiency Disease

Transplantation Immunology

Tumor Immunology

Serologic and Molecular Detection of Bacterial Infections

Serologic and Molecular Detection of Bacterial Infections

Serology of Parasitic and Fungal Infections

Filters

Exam 23: Spirochete Diseases

Viral load testing is of most clinical utility in all of the following situations EXCEPT:

What is the main mechanism of action of nucleoside analogue drugs such as zidovudine?

The HIV p24 protein encodes:

A 25-year-old male presents to the public health clinic complaining of flu-like symptoms.The man has been an IV drug user and prostitute for the last 5 years.HIV antibody screening is positive.Subsequently,antibodies are found to have specificity for p24,gp120,p31,and gp41.This patient has:

All of the following conditions would indicate AIDS EXCEPT:

Which test would be most reliable in detecting HIV infection in an infant younger than 18 months of age?

Which technique is most widely used for the confirmation of a positive serologic assay for antibodies against HIV?

All of the following body fluids are considered to be possible routes of transmission for HIV even if there is no visible sign of blood EXCEPT:

A patient has serum tested for HIV antibodies by ELISA,and the test is positive.The patient's serum is retested in duplicate with two more positive results.What should be done next?

Which is most likely a positive Western blot result for infection with HIV?

The Western blot test used to confirm HIV is an example of which of the following?

Which of the following HIV-encoded proteins/glycoproteins is the receptor for host cells?

What is different about the replication cycle of HIV that separates it from many other RNA viruses?

Introduction and Natural Immunity

Lymphoid System

Nature of Antigens and Major Histocompatibility Complex

Antibody Structure and Function

Cytokines

Complement System

Safety and Specimen Preparation

Precipitation Reactions

Agglutination

Labeled Immunoassays

Molecular Techniques

Flow Cytometry and Laboratory Automation

Hypersensitivity

Autoimmunity

Immunoproliferative Diseases

Immunodeficiency Disease

Transplantation Immunology

Tumor Immunology

Serologic and Molecular Detection of Bacterial Infections

Serologic and Molecular Detection of Bacterial Infections

Serology of Parasitic and Fungal Infections

Filters