Question 1

How is induction of tolerance achieved in kidney transplantation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Administration of cytokines prior to transplant 
B)  Blood transfusions after transplant 
C)  Blood transfusions before transplant 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Administration of cytokines prior to transplant 
B)  Blood transfusions after transplant 
C)  Blood transfusions before transplant 
D)  None of the above C

Question 2

Which of the following is a phenomenon in which an antiserum directed against one HLA determinant reacts with other HLA antigenic determinants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cross-reactivity 
B)  Linkage disequilibrium 
C)  Recombination 
D)  Conversion 
A)  Cross-reactivity 
B)  Linkage disequilibrium 
C)  Recombination 
D)  Conversion A

Question 3

What is the linkage disequilibrium in reference to the HLA antigens?

Accepted Answer

A)  Occurrence of HLA genes more frequently in the same haplotype than would be expected by chance alone 
B)  Displacement of HLA genes on different chromosomes 
C)  Occurrence of HLA genes less frequently in the same haplotype than would be expected by chance alone 
D)  Crossover of HLA genes 
A)  Occurrence of HLA genes more frequently in the same haplotype than would be expected by chance alone 
B)  Displacement of HLA genes on different chromosomes 
C)  Occurrence of HLA genes less frequently in the same haplotype than would be expected by chance alone 
D)  Crossover of HLA genes A

Question 4

How are the heavy chains of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) classes I and II molecules transported into the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  Heavy chains are transported via extracellular fluid. 
B)  Heavy chains are inserted through the membrane via hydrophobic residues. 
C)  Heavy chains are inserted through the membrane via hydrophilic residues. 
D)  Heavy chains are adsorbed onto the membrane via semipermeable methods. 
A)  Heavy chains are transported via extracellular fluid. 
B)  Heavy chains are inserted through the membrane via hydrophobic residues. 
C)  Heavy chains are inserted through the membrane via hydrophilic residues. 
D)  Heavy chains are adsorbed onto the membrane via semipermeable methods.

Question 5

HLA-DR typing requires a___________ suspension.

Accepted Answer

A)  T-lymphocyte 
B)  B-lymphocyte 
C)  granulocyte 
D)  platelet 
A)  T-lymphocyte 
B)  B-lymphocyte 
C)  granulocyte 
D)  platelet

Question 6

What is the most important step for increasing the number of bone marrow transplants performed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Expand the donor pool to include related individuals. 
B)  Expand the donor pool to include unrelated individuals. 
C)  Expand the donor pool to include both related and unrelated individuals. 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Expand the donor pool to include related individuals. 
B)  Expand the donor pool to include unrelated individuals. 
C)  Expand the donor pool to include both related and unrelated individuals. 
D)  None of the above

Question 7

A patient who has been presensitized to foreign HLA antigens will demonstrate___________ if the donor tissue expresses the same antigens.

Accepted Answer

A)  graft survival 
B)  graft rejection 
C)  chimerism 
D)  ABO conversion 
A)  graft survival 
B)  graft rejection 
C)  chimerism 
D)  ABO conversion

Question 8

What is the definition of total ischemic time in heart transplantation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The amount of time there is not blood flow through the organ 
B)  The time it takes to perform the transplant 
C)  The time it takes for PO2 levels to normalize after transplant 
D)  The time it takes for CO2 levels to normalize after transplant 
A)  The amount of time there is not blood flow through the organ 
B)  The time it takes to perform the transplant 
C)  The time it takes for PO2 levels to normalize after transplant 
D)  The time it takes for CO2 levels to normalize after transplant

Question 9

In HLA testing, what is the purpose of mineral oil contained in the testing well?

Accepted Answer

A)  To prevent evaporation of antisera during incubation 
B)  To create a viscous microenvironment 
C)  To act as an antigen-antibody complex potentiator 
D)  To provide height to the testing well 
A)  To prevent evaporation of antisera during incubation 
B)  To create a viscous microenvironment 
C)  To act as an antigen-antibody complex potentiator 
D)  To provide height to the testing well

Question 10

When the entire set of A, B, C, DR, DQ, and DP antigens are located on one chromosome, it is called a:

Accepted Answer

A)  phenotype. 
B)  genotype. 
C)  haplotype. 
D)  karyotype. 
A)  phenotype. 
B)  genotype. 
C)  haplotype. 
D)  karyotype.

Question 11

MHC class II molecules are expressed on all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A)  monocytes. 
B)  endothelial cells. 
C)  B lymphocytes. 
D)  platelets. 
A)  monocytes. 
B)  endothelial cells. 
C)  B lymphocytes. 
D)  platelets.

Question 12

Kidney transplants are used to treat which disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Di Guglielmo's syndrome 
B)  End-stage renal disease 
C)  Graves' disease 
D)  Erythropoietin deficiency 
A)  Di Guglielmo's syndrome 
B)  End-stage renal disease 
C)  Graves' disease 
D)  Erythropoietin deficiency

Question 13

Which of the following is acceptable for cytotoxicity techniques?

Accepted Answer

A)  EDTA 
B)  ACD 
C)  Serum 
D)  CPDA-1 
A)  EDTA 
B)  ACD 
C)  Serum 
D)  CPDA-1

Question 14

What does the "R" signify in the HLA-DR locus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Recessive gene 
B)  Red cell predominance 
C)  RNA 
D)  Subregion of D 
A)  Recessive gene 
B)  Red cell predominance 
C)  RNA 
D)  Subregion of D

Question 15

All of the following diseases have been associated with a significant HLA correlation except:

Accepted Answer

A)  narcolepsy. 
B)  ankylosing spondylitis. 
C)  Fanconi's anemia. 
D)  Goodpasture's syndrome. 
A)  narcolepsy. 
B)  ankylosing spondylitis. 
C)  Fanconi's anemia. 
D)  Goodpasture's syndrome.

Question 16

How many targets are required for HLA antibody screening?

Accepted Answer

A)  10 
B)  20 
C)  30 
D)  40 
A)  10 
B)  20 
C)  30 
D)  40

Question 17

Why are monoclonal antibodies able to detect a broad range of epitopes?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are derived through alloimmunization 
B)  They are derived through xenoimmunization 
C)  They have both IgM and IgG specificity 
D)  None of the above 
A)  They are derived through alloimmunization 
B)  They are derived through xenoimmunization 
C)  They have both IgM and IgG specificity 
D)  None of the above

Question 18

A platelet recipient whose HLA phenotype includes A3, B7; A11, B42 is transfused from a A1, B7; A3, B13 donor. Given the following CREG (Cross-Reactive Groups), what would you expect the outcome of this transfusion to be? A1-CREG: A1,36,3,9(23,24),10(25,26,34,66),11, 19(29,30,31,32,33)28 B7-CREG: B7,42,22(54,55,56),27,40(60,61)13,41,47,48

Accepted Answer

A)  The donor would experience platelet refractoriness because A3 and A11 and B13 and B42 are not cross-reactive 
B)  The donor would benefit from this transfusion because A3 and A11 and B13 and B42 are cross-reactive 
C)  The recipient would experience platelet refractoriness because A3 and A11 and B13 and B42 are not cross-reactive 
D)  The recipient would benefit from this transfusion because A3 and A11 and B13 and B42 are cross-reactive 
A)  The donor would experience platelet refractoriness because A3 and A11 and B13 and B42 are not cross-reactive 
B)  The donor would benefit from this transfusion because A3 and A11 and B13 and B42 are cross-reactive 
C)  The recipient would experience platelet refractoriness because A3 and A11 and B13 and B42 are not cross-reactive 
D)  The recipient would benefit from this transfusion because A3 and A11 and B13 and B42 are cross-reactive

Question 19

How might platelet survival be improved in a patient receiving platelets despite a near perfect HLA match between recipient and donor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Wash the platelets before transfusion 
B)  Remove red blood cells from the donor unit 
C)  Remove leukocytes from the donor unit 
D)  Transfuse using a blood warmer 
A)  Wash the platelets before transfusion 
B)  Remove red blood cells from the donor unit 
C)  Remove leukocytes from the donor unit 
D)  Transfuse using a blood warmer

Question 20

What is meant by the term public as applied to HLA antibodies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antibodies that detect a single HLA gene product 
B)  Binding to an epitope unique to one HLA gene product 
C)  Binding to epitopes shared by more than one HLA gene product 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Antibodies that detect a single HLA gene product 
B)  Binding to an epitope unique to one HLA gene product 
C)  Binding to epitopes shared by more than one HLA gene product 
D)  All of the above

Exam 21: The Hla System

How is induction of tolerance achieved in kidney transplantation?

Which of the following is a phenomenon in which an antiserum directed against one HLA determinant reacts with other HLA antigenic determinants?

What is the linkage disequilibrium in reference to the HLA antigens?

How are the heavy chains of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) classes I and II molecules transported into the cell membrane?

HLA-DR typing requires a___________ suspension.

What is the most important step for increasing the number of bone marrow transplants performed?

A patient who has been presensitized to foreign HLA antigens will demonstrate___________ if the donor tissue expresses the same antigens.

What is the definition of total ischemic time in heart transplantation?

In HLA testing, what is the purpose of mineral oil contained in the testing well?

When the entire set of A, B, C, DR, DQ, and DP antigens are located on one chromosome, it is called a:

MHC class II molecules are expressed on all of the following except:

Kidney transplants are used to treat which disease?

Which of the following is acceptable for cytotoxicity techniques?

What does the "R" signify in the HLA-DR locus?

All of the following diseases have been associated with a significant HLA correlation except:

How many targets are required for HLA antibody screening?

Why are monoclonal antibodies able to detect a broad range of epitopes?

How might platelet survival be improved in a patient receiving platelets despite a near perfect HLA match between recipient and donor?

What is meant by the term public as applied to HLA antibodies?

Red Blood Cells and Platelet Preservation: Historical Perspectives and Current Trends

Basic Genetics

Fundamentals of Immunology

Concepts in Molecular Biology

The Antiglobulin Test

The Abo Blood Group System

The RH Blood Group System

Blood Group Terminology and the Other Blood Groups

Detection and Identification of Antibodies

Pre-Transfusion Testing

Overview of the Routine Blood Bank Laboratory

Other Technologies and Automation

Donor Screening and Component Preparation

Apheresis

Transfusion Therapy

Cellular Therapy

Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases

Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias

Relationship Testing

Quality Management

Transfusion Safety and Federal Regulatory Requirements

Utilization Management

Laboratory Information Systems

Medicolegal and Ethical Aspects of Providing Blood Collection and Transfusion Services

Tissue Banking: A New Role for the Transfusion Service

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