Question 1

Why are screening cells group O?

Accepted Answer

A)  To prevent interference with anti-A and anti-B in patient serum 
B)  To prevent interference with A and B antigens on patient cells 
C)  Because group O cells are easier to acquire in random populations 
D)  Because group O cells contain antigens to clinically significant antibodies 
A)  To prevent interference with anti-A and anti-B in patient serum 
B)  To prevent interference with A and B antigens on patient cells 
C)  Because group O cells are easier to acquire in random populations 
D)  Because group O cells contain antigens to clinically significant antibodies A

Question 2

How can neutralization aid in the identification of multiple antibodies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Once antibody has been neutralized serum can be further tested in panel studies. 
B)  Neutralization inhibits all warm autoantibodies. 
C)  Neutralized serum can be used to phenotype patient cells. 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Once antibody has been neutralized serum can be further tested in panel studies. 
B)  Neutralization inhibits all warm autoantibodies. 
C)  Neutralized serum can be used to phenotype patient cells. 
D)  All of the above A

Question 3

Which of the following statements is correct concerning cold antibody screens?

Accepted Answer

A)  Patient serum is incubated with group O adult and cord red blood cells at 4°C. 
B)  Patient serum is incubated with group O cord cells at 37°C. 
C)  Patient serum is incubated with check cells at 18°C. 
D)  Patient serum is incubated with group A cord cells at room temperature. 
A)  Patient serum is incubated with group O adult and cord red blood cells at 4°C. 
B)  Patient serum is incubated with group O cord cells at 37°C. 
C)  Patient serum is incubated with check cells at 18°C. 
D)  Patient serum is incubated with group A cord cells at room temperature. A

Question 4

Which of the following statements concerning acid eluates is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Citric acid is an example of an acid eluate 
B)  The pH is reduced to 3 or less to disrupt the antigen-antibody complex 
C)  The pH of the eluate remains at 3 before testing against a panel 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Citric acid is an example of an acid eluate 
B)  The pH is reduced to 3 or less to disrupt the antigen-antibody complex 
C)  The pH of the eluate remains at 3 before testing against a panel 
D)  None of the above

Question 5

What test is used to confirm the efficacy of chloroquine treatment?

Accepted Answer

A)  IAT 
B)  DAT 
C)  ABO grouping 
D)  Neutralization test 
A)  IAT 
B)  DAT 
C)  ABO grouping 
D)  Neutralization test

Question 6

What is the first step in reading hemagglutination reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Resuspension of red blood cells 
B)  Checking supernatant for hemolysis 
C)  Grading agglutination 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Resuspension of red blood cells 
B)  Checking supernatant for hemolysis 
C)  Grading agglutination 
D)  None of the above

Question 7

When might you suspect multiple antibodies in a patient's serum?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pattern of reactivity not fitting a single antibody 
B)  Variation in phase of reactivity 
C)  Variation in antibody reactivity strength 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Pattern of reactivity not fitting a single antibody 
B)  Variation in phase of reactivity 
C)  Variation in antibody reactivity strength 
D)  All of the above

Question 8

The process of removing antibody from serum by combining a serum sample with appropriate red blood cells under optimal conditions is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  elution. 
B)  absorption. 
C)  enzyme treatment. 
D)  sensitization. 
A)  elution. 
B)  absorption. 
C)  enzyme treatment. 
D)  sensitization.

Question 9

What is the most common use of adsorption?

Accepted Answer

A)  Removal of plasma protein from patient serum 
B)  Removal of alloantibody from patient serum 
C)  Removal of autoantibody from patient serum 
D)  Removal of drug-induced antibody from patient serum 
A)  Removal of plasma protein from patient serum 
B)  Removal of alloantibody from patient serum 
C)  Removal of autoantibody from patient serum 
D)  Removal of drug-induced antibody from patient serum

Question 10

Which is the second phase of a hemagglutination reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Immunodiffusion 
B)  Precipitation 
C)  Sensitization 
D)  Agglutination 
A)  Immunodiffusion 
B)  Precipitation 
C)  Sensitization 
D)  Agglutination

Question 11

Why should only homozygous cells be used to rule out an antibody?

Accepted Answer

A)  Homozygous cells carry a double dose of antibody. 
B)  Weakly reacting antibody may not react with heterozygous cells. 
C)  Strong reacting antibodies may not react with heterozygous cells. 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Homozygous cells carry a double dose of antibody. 
B)  Weakly reacting antibody may not react with heterozygous cells. 
C)  Strong reacting antibodies may not react with heterozygous cells. 
D)  All of the above

Question 12

Cold-reactive autoantibodies can be selectively removed from patient serum by adsorption with autologous red blood cells (RBCs). What other cells can be used?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mouse RBCs 
B)  Goat RBCs 
C)  Rabbit RBCs 
D)  Donor RBCs 
A)  Mouse RBCs 
B)  Goat RBCs 
C)  Rabbit RBCs 
D)  Donor RBCs

Question 13

What is the advantage of having a 3-cell panel screen versus a 2-cell panel screen?

Accepted Answer

A)  More cells in the homozygous state that show dosage 
B)  You can narrow down the specificity of the AB better. 
C)  You might detect more rare antibodies. 
D)  All of the above 
A)  More cells in the homozygous state that show dosage 
B)  You can narrow down the specificity of the AB better. 
C)  You might detect more rare antibodies. 
D)  All of the above

Question 14

What antibody is associated with a mixed-field reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lea 
B)  K 
C)  Sda 
D)  E 
A)  Lea 
B)  K 
C)  Sda 
D)  E

Question 15

In what test might rouleaux cause an interference?

Accepted Answer

A)  DAT 
B)  Forward ABO grouping 
C)  Reverse ABO grouping 
D)  Rh control 
A)  DAT 
B)  Forward ABO grouping 
C)  Reverse ABO grouping 
D)  Rh control

Question 16

Which cells are employed to remove autoantibody from patient serum without removing any alloantibody from serum?

Accepted Answer

A)  Coombs' control red blood cells 
B)  Screening red blood cells 
C)  Patient red blood cells 
D)  Panel red blood cells 
A)  Coombs' control red blood cells 
B)  Screening red blood cells 
C)  Patient red blood cells 
D)  Panel red blood cells

Question 17

A positive autocontrol in antibody detection procedures is usually indicative of:

Accepted Answer

A)  inadequate washing. 
B)  positive DAT. 
C)  positive IAT. 
D)  none of the above. 
A)  inadequate washing. 
B)  positive DAT. 
C)  positive IAT. 
D)  none of the above.

Question 18

Neutralization of antibody is applicable to all of the following blood groups except:

Accepted Answer

A)  Lewis. 
B)  Rh. 
C)  P1. 
D)  Chido. 
A)  Lewis. 
B)  Rh. 
C)  P1. 
D)  Chido.

Question 19

When are antibody titration studies warranted?

Accepted Answer

A)  During a gastrointestinal bleed 
B)  During pregnancy 
C)  After bone marrow transplantation 
D)  During chemotherapy 
A)  During a gastrointestinal bleed 
B)  During pregnancy 
C)  After bone marrow transplantation 
D)  During chemotherapy

Question 20

How is an antibody ruled in?

Accepted Answer

A)  Two RBC samples positive for antigen show reactivity; two RBC samples negative for the antigen show no reactivity 
B)  Three RBC samples positive for antigen show reactivity; three RBC samples negative for the antigen show no reactivity 
C)  One homozygous RBC sample shows reactivity 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Two RBC samples positive for antigen show reactivity; two RBC samples negative for the antigen show no reactivity 
B)  Three RBC samples positive for antigen show reactivity; three RBC samples negative for the antigen show no reactivity 
C)  One homozygous RBC sample shows reactivity 
D)  None of the above

Exam 9: Detection and Identification of Antibodies

Why are screening cells group O?

How can neutralization aid in the identification of multiple antibodies?

Which of the following statements is correct concerning cold antibody screens?

Which of the following statements concerning acid eluates is false?

What test is used to confirm the efficacy of chloroquine treatment?

What is the first step in reading hemagglutination reactions?

When might you suspect multiple antibodies in a patient's serum?

The process of removing antibody from serum by combining a serum sample with appropriate red blood cells under optimal conditions is called:

What is the most common use of adsorption?

Which is the second phase of a hemagglutination reaction?

Why should only homozygous cells be used to rule out an antibody?

Cold-reactive autoantibodies can be selectively removed from patient serum by adsorption with autologous red blood cells (RBCs). What other cells can be used?

What is the advantage of having a 3-cell panel screen versus a 2-cell panel screen?

What antibody is associated with a mixed-field reaction?

In what test might rouleaux cause an interference?

Which cells are employed to remove autoantibody from patient serum without removing any alloantibody from serum?

A positive autocontrol in antibody detection procedures is usually indicative of:

Neutralization of antibody is applicable to all of the following blood groups except:

When are antibody titration studies warranted?

How is an antibody ruled in?

Red Blood Cells and Platelet Preservation: Historical Perspectives and Current Trends

Basic Genetics

Fundamentals of Immunology

Concepts in Molecular Biology

The Antiglobulin Test

The Abo Blood Group System

The RH Blood Group System

Blood Group Terminology and the Other Blood Groups

Pre-Transfusion Testing

Overview of the Routine Blood Bank Laboratory

Other Technologies and Automation

Donor Screening and Component Preparation

Apheresis

Transfusion Therapy

Cellular Therapy

Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases

Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias

The Hla System

Relationship Testing

Quality Management

Transfusion Safety and Federal Regulatory Requirements

Utilization Management

Laboratory Information Systems

Medicolegal and Ethical Aspects of Providing Blood Collection and Transfusion Services

Tissue Banking: A New Role for the Transfusion Service

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