Question 1

Where are the donor red blood cells usually acquired from when performing a major crossmatch?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pierced donor unit 
B)  Pilot tubes 
C)  Segments from donor unit 
D)  A separate phlebotomy 
A)  Pierced donor unit 
B)  Pilot tubes 
C)  Segments from donor unit 
D)  A separate phlebotomy

Question 2

What must be done prior to transfusion of non-group O blood to an infant?

Accepted Answer

A)  Testing infant serum for anti-A and anti-B at IS 
B)  Testing infant serum for anti-A and anti-B at 37°C 
C)  Testing infant serum for anti-A and anti-B at AHG 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Testing infant serum for anti-A and anti-B at IS 
B)  Testing infant serum for anti-A and anti-B at 37°C 
C)  Testing infant serum for anti-A and anti-B at AHG 
D)  None of the above

Question 3

Why was the minor crossmatch discontinued?

Accepted Answer

A)  Too many cold autoantibodies were being detected. 
B)  The only product being made from donors was packed red blood cells, and plasma was residual. 
C)  Donor screening for antibody was incorporated into donor processing. 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Too many cold autoantibodies were being detected. 
B)  The only product being made from donors was packed red blood cells, and plasma was residual. 
C)  Donor screening for antibody was incorporated into donor processing. 
D)  None of the above

Question 4

Which statement best describes the relationship between a crossmatch and a compatibility test?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are identical. 
B)  If a compatibility test were a pie, a crossmatch would be a slice. 
C)  If a crossmatch were a house, a compatibility test would be a room. 
D)  A crossmatch is a confirmation of the compatibility test. 
A)  They are identical. 
B)  If a compatibility test were a pie, a crossmatch would be a slice. 
C)  If a crossmatch were a house, a compatibility test would be a room. 
D)  A crossmatch is a confirmation of the compatibility test.

Question 5

In some institutions, compatibility testing may be eliminated in which type of patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cardiac 
B)  Anemic 
C)  Massively transfused 
D)  Pregnant 
A)  Cardiac 
B)  Anemic 
C)  Massively transfused 
D)  Pregnant

Question 6

Which of the following regarding blood issued on an emergency basis without patient testing is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The patient sample is tested for only ABO and Rh at a later time. 
B)  Units are tagged for emergency release and no further testing is done. 
C)  Units are tagged for emergency release and segments are pulled for later testing. 
D)  The medical technician must authorize the emergency transfusion. 
A)  The patient sample is tested for only ABO and Rh at a later time. 
B)  Units are tagged for emergency release and no further testing is done. 
C)  Units are tagged for emergency release and segments are pulled for later testing. 
D)  The medical technician must authorize the emergency transfusion.

Question 7

The use of _____ in compatibility testing has allowed for the efficient processing of large numbers of donor units via solid phase technology.

Accepted Answer

A)  cuvettes 
B)  glass tubes 
C)  microtiter plates 
D)  agglutination viewers 
A)  cuvettes 
B)  glass tubes 
C)  microtiter plates 
D)  agglutination viewers

Question 8

Why is it acceptable to transfuse an AB person with A packed red blood cells but unacceptable to transfuse type A whole blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  The anti-A in donor whole blood would sensitize recipient cells. 
B)  The anti-B in donor whole blood would sensitize recipient cells. 
C)  The anti-A, B in donor whole blood would sensitize recipient cells. 
D)  None of the above 
A)  The anti-A in donor whole blood would sensitize recipient cells. 
B)  The anti-B in donor whole blood would sensitize recipient cells. 
C)  The anti-A, B in donor whole blood would sensitize recipient cells. 
D)  None of the above

Question 9

What is the most common cause of clerical errors in transfusion therapy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Entering an erroneous ABO type 
B)  Misidentification of the patient 
C)  Entering an erroneous crossmatch result 
D)  Labeling units as antigen-positive instead of antigen-negative when phenotyping 
A)  Entering an erroneous ABO type 
B)  Misidentification of the patient 
C)  Entering an erroneous crossmatch result 
D)  Labeling units as antigen-positive instead of antigen-negative when phenotyping

Question 10

Before compatibility testing commences, donor units should be observed for:

Accepted Answer

A)  blood clots. 
B)  correct labeling. 
C)  abnormal color. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  blood clots. 
B)  correct labeling. 
C)  abnormal color. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 11

What is revealed in the minor crossmatch?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alloantibodies in patient serum reacting with donor RBCs 
B)  Alloantibodies in donor plasma reacting with antigen on patient cells 
C)  Autoantibody in donor plasma reacting with antigen on patient cells 
D)  Autoantibody in patient serum reacting with donor RBCs 
A)  Alloantibodies in patient serum reacting with donor RBCs 
B)  Alloantibodies in donor plasma reacting with antigen on patient cells 
C)  Autoantibody in donor plasma reacting with antigen on patient cells 
D)  Autoantibody in patient serum reacting with donor RBCs

Question 12

What blood type should be transfused when crisis does not permit time to collect and test a patient sample?

Accepted Answer

A)  AB-positive 
B)  O-positive 
C)  O-negative 
D)  A-negative 
A)  AB-positive 
B)  O-positive 
C)  O-negative 
D)  A-negative

Question 13

What is given to patients who have crossed over to an Rh-positive blood type via massive transfusion to prevent anti-D formation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cryoprecipitate 
B)  RhIG 
C)  Enzyme-treated cells 
D)  Factor VIII concentrate 
A)  Cryoprecipitate 
B)  RhIG 
C)  Enzyme-treated cells 
D)  Factor VIII concentrate

Question 14

How can the sensitivity of antibody detection be increased?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increase the ratio of patient serum to screening cells. 
B)  Extend the incubation time. 
C)  Add potentiators such as albumin. 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Increase the ratio of patient serum to screening cells. 
B)  Extend the incubation time. 
C)  Add potentiators such as albumin. 
D)  All of the above

Question 15

Why are hemolyzed samples unacceptable for compatibility testing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Agglutination reactions will be undetectable 
B)  IgG activation by antigen-antibody complexes will be masked 
C)  Complement activation by antigen-antibody complexes will be masked 
D)  Hemolyzed samples inhibit antibody binding 
A)  Agglutination reactions will be undetectable 
B)  IgG activation by antigen-antibody complexes will be masked 
C)  Complement activation by antigen-antibody complexes will be masked 
D)  Hemolyzed samples inhibit antibody binding

Question 16

What type of blood must be given in an intrauterine transfusion if the blood type of the fetus is unknown?

Accepted Answer

A)  O-positive 
B)  O-negative 
C)  AB-negative 
D)  AB-positive 
A)  O-positive 
B)  O-negative 
C)  AB-negative 
D)  AB-positive

Question 17

What causes rouleaux to form?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antibody-coated cells 
B)  Abnormal A/G ratio 
C)  Shortened incubation 
D)  Electrolyte imbalance 
A)  Antibody-coated cells 
B)  Abnormal A/G ratio 
C)  Shortened incubation 
D)  Electrolyte imbalance

Question 18

What blood-banking research product hopes to provide oxygen-carrying capacity without the need for compatibility testing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Red blood cell stroma 
B)  Hemoglobin substitutes 
C)  Liquid agglutination 
D)  Solid phase adherence 
A)  Red blood cell stroma 
B)  Hemoglobin substitutes 
C)  Liquid agglutination 
D)  Solid phase adherence

Question 19

What is the most critical step in blood transfusion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phenotyping units to ensure compatibility with alloantibody 
B)  Following quality control procedures 
C)  Checking patient identification and compatibility of donor unit 
D)  Monitoring the temperature control of donor units 
A)  Phenotyping units to ensure compatibility with alloantibody 
B)  Following quality control procedures 
C)  Checking patient identification and compatibility of donor unit 
D)  Monitoring the temperature control of donor units

Question 20

What may be added to samples from patients taking heparin to induce clotting?

Accepted Answer

A)  Protamine sulfate 
B)  Antithrombin III 
C)  Reptilase 
D)  Fibrinogen 
A)  Protamine sulfate 
B)  Antithrombin III 
C)  Reptilase 
D)  Fibrinogen

Exam 10: Pre-Transfusion Testing

Where are the donor red blood cells usually acquired from when performing a major crossmatch?

What must be done prior to transfusion of non-group O blood to an infant?

Why was the minor crossmatch discontinued?

Which statement best describes the relationship between a crossmatch and a compatibility test?

In some institutions, compatibility testing may be eliminated in which type of patient?

Which of the following regarding blood issued on an emergency basis without patient testing is true?

The use of _____ in compatibility testing has allowed for the efficient processing of large numbers of donor units via solid phase technology.

Why is it acceptable to transfuse an AB person with A packed red blood cells but unacceptable to transfuse type A whole blood?

What is the most common cause of clerical errors in transfusion therapy?

Before compatibility testing commences, donor units should be observed for:

What is revealed in the minor crossmatch?

What blood type should be transfused when crisis does not permit time to collect and test a patient sample?

What is given to patients who have crossed over to an Rh-positive blood type via massive transfusion to prevent anti-D formation?

How can the sensitivity of antibody detection be increased?

Why are hemolyzed samples unacceptable for compatibility testing?

What type of blood must be given in an intrauterine transfusion if the blood type of the fetus is unknown?

What causes rouleaux to form?

What blood-banking research product hopes to provide oxygen-carrying capacity without the need for compatibility testing?

What is the most critical step in blood transfusion?

What may be added to samples from patients taking heparin to induce clotting?

Red Blood Cells and Platelet Preservation: Historical Perspectives and Current Trends

Basic Genetics

Fundamentals of Immunology

Concepts in Molecular Biology

The Antiglobulin Test

The Abo Blood Group System

The RH Blood Group System

Blood Group Terminology and the Other Blood Groups

Detection and Identification of Antibodies

Overview of the Routine Blood Bank Laboratory

Other Technologies and Automation

Donor Screening and Component Preparation

Apheresis

Transfusion Therapy

Cellular Therapy

Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases

Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias

The Hla System

Relationship Testing

Quality Management

Transfusion Safety and Federal Regulatory Requirements

Utilization Management

Laboratory Information Systems

Medicolegal and Ethical Aspects of Providing Blood Collection and Transfusion Services

Tissue Banking: A New Role for the Transfusion Service

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