Question 1

Restriction endonucleases are characterized as being palindromic. What is meant by this term?

Accepted Answer

A)  The recognition sequence is read in the same 5' to 3' direction on both strands of the double helix. 
B)  The recognition sequence is read in the same 3' to 5' direction on both strands of the double helix. 
C)  The recognition sequence is read in the same 5' to 3' direction on one side of the double helix. 
D)  The recognition sequence is read in the same 3' to 5' direction on one side of the double helix. 
A)  The recognition sequence is read in the same 5' to 3' direction on both strands of the double helix. 
B)  The recognition sequence is read in the same 3' to 5' direction on both strands of the double helix. 
C)  The recognition sequence is read in the same 5' to 3' direction on one side of the double helix. 
D)  The recognition sequence is read in the same 3' to 5' direction on one side of the double helix.

Question 2

During protein biosynthesis______________  combines the codons of mRNA with its anticodons.

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA 
B)  tRNA 
C)  uracil 
D)  reverse transcriptase 
A)  DNA 
B)  tRNA 
C)  uracil 
D)  reverse transcriptase

Question 3

Gel electrophoresis allows for:

Accepted Answer

A)  isolation of DNA fragments. 
B)  purification of DNA fragments. 
C)  visual examination of a defined-length DNA fragment. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  isolation of DNA fragments. 
B)  purification of DNA fragments. 
C)  visual examination of a defined-length DNA fragment. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 4

Each type of tRNA molecule can be attached to only one type of amino acid, but because the genetic code contains multiple codons that specify the same amino acid, tRNA molecules bearing different anticodons may also carry the same amino acid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Gene transfer between two bacterial strains is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Mendel's law. 
B)  Griffith's transformation. 
C)  Oswald's principle of heredity transformation. 
D)  Chargaff's rules. 
A)  Mendel's law. 
B)  Griffith's transformation. 
C)  Oswald's principle of heredity transformation. 
D)  Chargaff's rules.

Question 6

Which of the following is not consistent with the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  The double helix consists of two strands of nucleotides, which are antiparallel. 
B)  At each turn of the helix, 10 base pairs are stacked on top of each other. 
C)  The double helix consists of two strands of nucleotides, which are parallel. 
D)  The helical ladder is built from alternating units of deoxyribose and phosphate. 
A)  The double helix consists of two strands of nucleotides, which are antiparallel. 
B)  At each turn of the helix, 10 base pairs are stacked on top of each other. 
C)  The double helix consists of two strands of nucleotides, which are parallel. 
D)  The helical ladder is built from alternating units of deoxyribose and phosphate.

Question 7

Which of the following blood groups is coded by variants of a single gene?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rh 
B)  Xg 
C)  MNS 
D)  Chido/Rodgers 
E)  Lutheran 
A)  Rh 
B)  Xg 
C)  MNS 
D)  Chido/Rodgers 
E)  Lutheran

Question 8

In this procedure, PCR products are blotted in a nylon filter and hybridized with specific probes that allow the distinction of the different known alleles.

Accepted Answer

A)  Sequence-specific PCR 
B)  Sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe 
C)  Sequence-specific RFLP 
D)  Allele-specific PCR 
A)  Sequence-specific PCR 
B)  Sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe 
C)  Sequence-specific RFLP 
D)  Allele-specific PCR

Question 9

______________ are regions of DNA interspersed in the human genome formed by variable tandem repeats of short nucleotide sequences used in DNA fingerprinting.

Accepted Answer

A)  Minisatellites 
B)  Macrosatellites 
C)  Platelet satellites 
D)  Chromatids 
A)  Minisatellites 
B)  Macrosatellites 
C)  Platelet satellites 
D)  Chromatids

Question 10

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) can be used for all but which of the following purposes?

Accepted Answer

A)  In paternity cases to determine the source of a DNA sample 
B)  To measure recombination rates, which can lead to a genetic map with the distance between RFLP loci measured in centimorgans 
C)  In criminal cases to determine the source of a DNA sample 
D)  To determine the Rh status of an individual 
A)  In paternity cases to determine the source of a DNA sample 
B)  To measure recombination rates, which can lead to a genetic map with the distance between RFLP loci measured in centimorgans 
C)  In criminal cases to determine the source of a DNA sample 
D)  To determine the Rh status of an individual

Question 11

Which of the following is representative of the "central dogma" of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

A)  The basic information of life flows from DNA through RNA to proteins. 
B)  The basic information of life flows from RNA through DNA to proteins. 
C)  The basic information of life flows from proteins to genes. 
D)  The basic information of life flows from amino acids to proteins. 
A)  The basic information of life flows from DNA through RNA to proteins. 
B)  The basic information of life flows from RNA through DNA to proteins. 
C)  The basic information of life flows from proteins to genes. 
D)  The basic information of life flows from amino acids to proteins.

Question 12

How does the Northern blotting technique differ from the Southern blotting technique?

Accepted Answer

A)  In the Northern blotting technique, RNA is detected instead of DNA. 
B)  Gel electrophoresis is not used in the Northern blotting technique. 
C)  In the Northern blotting technique, cDNAs are used in place of restriction endonucleases. 
D)  All of the above 
A)  In the Northern blotting technique, RNA is detected instead of DNA. 
B)  Gel electrophoresis is not used in the Northern blotting technique. 
C)  In the Northern blotting technique, cDNAs are used in place of restriction endonucleases. 
D)  All of the above

Question 13

Molecular RBC antigen typing is used:

Accepted Answer

A)  to confirm serological testing. 
B)  when serology is not possible. 
C)  when serology is not sensitive enough or discrepancies occur. 
D)  for all of the above. 
A)  to confirm serological testing. 
B)  when serology is not possible. 
C)  when serology is not sensitive enough or discrepancies occur. 
D)  for all of the above.

Question 14

E. coli was inserted with a plasmid vector with a gene resistant to ampicillin. This bacterium was then inoculated into a medium treated with ampicillin. After 24 hours of incubation what would be seen?

Accepted Answer

A)  No growth 
B)  DNA clone of ampicillin-resistant bacterium 
C)  DNA clone of the original E. coli specimen 
D)  Two populations of bacterium 
A)  No growth 
B)  DNA clone of ampicillin-resistant bacterium 
C)  DNA clone of the original E. coli specimen 
D)  Two populations of bacterium

Question 15

What is a disadvantage of using ethidium bromide (EB) as a dye in electrophoresis studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is expensive. 
B)  It is mutagenic. 
C)  It is rare and difficult to obtain. 
D)  It fades quickly after use. 
A)  It is expensive. 
B)  It is mutagenic. 
C)  It is rare and difficult to obtain. 
D)  It fades quickly after use.

Question 16

A codon consists of how many nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4

Question 17

In performing gene cloning for blood group genes, what is a possible source of RNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lymphocytes 
B)  Reticulocytes 
C)  Neutrophils 
D)  Platelets 
A)  Lymphocytes 
B)  Reticulocytes 
C)  Neutrophils 
D)  Platelets

Question 18

Biotechnology is important in blood banking because of:

Accepted Answer

A)  its production of growth factors. 
B)  its production of erythropoietin. 
C)  its production of clotting factors. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  its production of growth factors. 
B)  its production of erythropoietin. 
C)  its production of clotting factors. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 19

All of the following are sources of DNA for performing Southern blot analysis except:

Accepted Answer

A)  bone marrow. 
B)  leukocytes. 
C)  cell cultures. 
D)  pericardial fluid. 
A)  bone marrow. 
B)  leukocytes. 
C)  cell cultures. 
D)  pericardial fluid.

Question 20

The process of translation and transcription is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  the genetic code. 
B)  central dogma. 
C)  gene expression. 
D)  spectral analysis. 
A)  the genetic code. 
B)  central dogma. 
C)  gene expression. 
D)  spectral analysis.

Exam 4: Concepts in Molecular Biology

Restriction endonucleases are characterized as being palindromic. What is meant by this term?

During protein biosynthesis______________ combines the codons of mRNA with its anticodons.

Gel electrophoresis allows for:

Each type of tRNA molecule can be attached to only one type of amino acid, but because the genetic code contains multiple codons that specify the same amino acid, tRNA molecules bearing different anticodons may also carry the same amino acid.

Gene transfer between two bacterial strains is an example of:

Which of the following is not consistent with the structure of DNA?

Which of the following blood groups is coded by variants of a single gene?

In this procedure, PCR products are blotted in a nylon filter and hybridized with specific probes that allow the distinction of the different known alleles.

______________ are regions of DNA interspersed in the human genome formed by variable tandem repeats of short nucleotide sequences used in DNA fingerprinting.

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) can be used for all but which of the following purposes?

Which of the following is representative of the "central dogma" of molecular biology?

How does the Northern blotting technique differ from the Southern blotting technique?

Molecular RBC antigen typing is used:

E. coli was inserted with a plasmid vector with a gene resistant to ampicillin. This bacterium was then inoculated into a medium treated with ampicillin. After 24 hours of incubation what would be seen?

What is a disadvantage of using ethidium bromide (EB) as a dye in electrophoresis studies?

A codon consists of how many nucleotides?

In performing gene cloning for blood group genes, what is a possible source of RNA?

Biotechnology is important in blood banking because of:

All of the following are sources of DNA for performing Southern blot analysis except:

The process of translation and transcription is referred to as:

Red Blood Cells and Platelet Preservation: Historical Perspectives and Current Trends

Basic Genetics

Fundamentals of Immunology

The Antiglobulin Test

The Abo Blood Group System

The RH Blood Group System

Blood Group Terminology and the Other Blood Groups

Detection and Identification of Antibodies

Pre-Transfusion Testing

Overview of the Routine Blood Bank Laboratory

Other Technologies and Automation

Donor Screening and Component Preparation

Apheresis

Transfusion Therapy

Cellular Therapy

Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases

Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias

The Hla System

Relationship Testing

Quality Management

Transfusion Safety and Federal Regulatory Requirements

Utilization Management

Laboratory Information Systems

Medicolegal and Ethical Aspects of Providing Blood Collection and Transfusion Services

Tissue Banking: A New Role for the Transfusion Service

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