Exam 17: Parallel Processing

With ________ instructions are simultaneously issued from multiple threads to the execution units of a superscalar processor.

Widely used in data centers to save space and improve system management,a _________ is a server architecture that houses multiple server modules in a single chassis.

An SMP operating system manages processor and other computer resources so that the user perceives a single operating system controlling system resources.

The four deployment models defined by NIST are: public cloud,private cloud,community cloud,and __________ cloud.

The four states of the MESI protocol are: modified,shared,invalid,and ______.

Computer systems that fall into the _________ category have a single machine instruction that controls the simultaneous execution of a number of processing elements on a lockstep basis.

______ protocols distribute the responsibility for maintaining cache coherence among all of the cache controllers in a multiprocessor.

An attractive feature of an SMP is that the existence of multiple processors is transparent to the user.

Both clusters and symmetric multiprocessors provide a configuration with multiple processors to support high-demand applications.

An approach that allows for a high degree of instruction-level parallelism without increasing circuit complexity or power consumption is called ________.

With multithreading the instruction stream is divided into several smaller streams,known as threads,such that the threads can be executed in parallel.

A cloud broker is useful when cloud services are too complex for a cloud consumer to easily manage.

An approach where all processors have access to all parts of main memory using loads and stores,with the memory access time of a processor differing depending on which region of main memory is accessed,is _________.

Computer systems that fall into the __________ category have a sequence of data that is transmitted to a set of processors,each of which executes a different instruction sequence.

The __________ is the simplest mechanism for constructing a multiprocessor system.

Symmetric multiprocessors (SMPs)are one of the earliest,and still the most common,example of parallel organization.

An operation that switches the processor from one process to another by saving all the process control data,register,and other information for the first and replacing them with the process information for the second is:

A ________ is a group of interconnected,whole computers working together as a unified computing resource that can create the illusion of being one machine.

A __________ is an instance of a program running on a computer.

Two key characteristics of a process are: scheduling / execution and ________.