Question 1

Which of the following is true about case study research?

Accepted Answer

A)  the personality theorist Gordon Allport believed that case studies were only useful if they supplemented more valid methods 
B)  they are of limited value because they normally concern extremely unusual persons 
C)  the data from the subjects of case studies can be limited by memory failures 
D)  an advantage is the lack of experimenter bias 
A)  the personality theorist Gordon Allport believed that case studies were only useful if they supplemented more valid methods 
B)  they are of limited value because they normally concern extremely unusual persons 
C)  the data from the subjects of case studies can be limited by memory failures 
D)  an advantage is the lack of experimenter bias

Question 2

Luria's mnemonist ("S.") was studied through the use of which procedure?

Accepted Answer

A)  interview survey method 
B)  single-subject withdrawal procedures 
C)  case study procedures 
D)  archival research 
A)  interview survey method 
B)  single-subject withdrawal procedures 
C)  case study procedures 
D)  archival research

Question 3

One of the multiple baseline designs in the chapter was illustrated by a study on improving linebacker performance. Which type of multiple baseline was used?

Accepted Answer

A)  two or more different treatment programs 
B)  two or more different individuals 
C)  two or more different settings 
D)  two or more different behaviors 
A)  two or more different treatment programs 
B)  two or more different individuals 
C)  two or more different settings 
D)  two or more different behaviors

Question 4

In response to the criticism that single-subject results do not have external validity, advocates argue that

Accepted Answer

A)  multiple replications have established the effectiveness of certain treatments 
B)  external validity is unimportant 
C)  single-subject research is designed to establish basic principles; it is not meant to be applied research 
D)  external validity is irrelevant 
A)  multiple replications have established the effectiveness of certain treatments 
B)  external validity is unimportant 
C)  single-subject research is designed to establish basic principles; it is not meant to be applied research 
D)  external validity is irrelevant

Question 5

A comparison between reinforcement that is directly contingent upon behavior and noncontingent reinforcement can be made with a(n) _______ design.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A comparison between reinforcement that is directly...

Question 6

All single-subject designs include

Accepted Answer

A)  a time during which a baseline level of behavior is measured 
B)  a control group 
C)  a withdrawal stage 
D)  at least two baselines (one at the start, one at the end) 
A)  a time during which a baseline level of behavior is measured 
B)  a control group 
C)  a withdrawal stage 
D)  at least two baselines (one at the start, one at the end)

Question 7

Someone might argue that it is n0t important that the reinforcement be made contingent on a specific behavior; all that matters in order to change the behavior is that reinforcement be given. A(n) _______ design can be used to test this claim.

Accepted Answer

A)  multiple contingency 
B)  changing criterion 
C)  alternating treatment 
D)  A-B-C-B 
A)  multiple contingency 
B)  changing criterion 
C)  alternating treatment 
D)  A-B-C-B

Question 8

Describe two different varieties of case study and give an example of each.

Accepted Answer

The two different varieties of case stud

Question 9

Describe the operant phenomenon of shaping and show how it forms the basis for one of the single-subject designs.

Accepted Answer

The operant phenomenon of shaping involv

Question 10

A study by Foxx and Rubinoff showed how small N designs can be useful in reducing the amount of caffeine people ingest daily. They used which design?

Accepted Answer

A)  A-B-C-B 
B)  A-B-A-B 
C)  alternating treatment 
D)  changing criterion 
A)  A-B-C-B 
B)  A-B-A-B 
C)  alternating treatment 
D)  changing criterion

Question 11

In early small N research like the Dresslar study on facial vision, additional subjects

Accepted Answer

A)  were tested until someone provided unambiguous support for the hypothesis 
B)  served the purpose of replication 
C)  had their data averaged to produce group means 
D)  were not needed; these studies never used more than a single person 
A)  were tested until someone provided unambiguous support for the hypothesis 
B)  served the purpose of replication 
C)  had their data averaged to produce group means 
D)  were not needed; these studies never used more than a single person

Question 12

Describe the essential features of these designs: A-B-C-B, A-A1-B-A1-B, alternating treatments.

Accepted Answer

The A-B-C-B design is a single-case expe

Question 13

What are the ideal circumstances for using the following designs: A-B-A-B, multiple baseline, changing criterion?

Accepted Answer

The A-B-A-B design is ideal for studying

Question 14

A researcher wishes to determine if bed-making behaviors can be increased more easily through either method A or method B. The best single-subject design to use would be

Accepted Answer

A)  alternating treatments 
B)  multiple baseline 
C)  A-B-A-B 
D)  A-B-C-B 
A)  alternating treatments 
B)  multiple baseline 
C)  A-B-A-B 
D)  A-B-C-B

Question 15

In early small N research like the Dresslar study on facial vision, additional subjects served the purpose of

Accepted Answer

A)  replication 
B)  a control group 
C)  helping to stabilize the calculated means 
D)  investigating individual differences 
A)  replication 
B)  a control group 
C)  helping to stabilize the calculated means 
D)  investigating individual differences

Question 16

Research on visual discrimination learning in children has shown that

Accepted Answer

A)  small N designs provide misleading data 
B)  averaging the data can produce a result that does not reflect individual performance 
C)  the gradual trial and error learning that typically occurs is well-reflected in graphs showing grouped data 
D)  a gradual increase in habit strength is the best explanation for the observed behavior 
A)  small N designs provide misleading data 
B)  averaging the data can produce a result that does not reflect individual performance 
C)  the gradual trial and error learning that typically occurs is well-reflected in graphs showing grouped data 
D)  a gradual increase in habit strength is the best explanation for the observed behavior

Question 17

In an A-B-C-B design,

Accepted Answer

A) 	contingent reinforcement (
B)  is compared with no reinforcement (
C)  
B) 	reinforcement is given but is not contingent on behavior during period C 
C) 	drug effects can be evaluated; C is the placebo control condition 
D) 	two different reinforcement schedules are compared, one during the first B and a second during the second B 
A) 	contingent reinforcement (
B)  is compared with no reinforcement (
C)  
B) 	reinforcement is given but is not contingent on behavior during period C 
C) 	drug effects can be evaluated; C is the placebo control condition 
D) 	two different reinforcement schedules are compared, one during the first B and a second during the second B

Question 18

The case study of former boxer "AB" illustrates the importance of case studies to

Accepted Answer

A)  use inferential statistics to make claims about groups of individuals. 
B)  describe groups of individuals similar to a single case. 
C)  rely on anecdotal evidence. 
D)  guide individualized treatment and/or rehabilitation for the patient. 
A)  use inferential statistics to make claims about groups of individuals. 
B)  describe groups of individuals similar to a single case. 
C)  rely on anecdotal evidence. 
D)  guide individualized treatment and/or rehabilitation for the patient.

Question 19

Which of the following designs compares the effects of contingent with noncontingent reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  A-A1-B-A1-B 
B)  changing criterion 
C)  alternating treatment 
D)  A-B-C-B 
A)  A-A1-B-A1-B 
B)  changing criterion 
C)  alternating treatment 
D)  A-B-C-B

Question 20

A study by Flood et al. was designed to help ADHD school children stay on task. Which of the following was true of their study?

Accepted Answer

A)  they used a multiple baseline design 
B)  there were enough children in this study so that average scores could be calculated 
C)  schoolmates of the ADHD children were a critical part of the treatment program 
D)  the study was controversial because it relied more on punishment than reinforcement 
A)  they used a multiple baseline design 
B)  there were enough children in this study so that average scores could be calculated 
C)  schoolmates of the ADHD children were a critical part of the treatment program 
D)  the study was controversial because it relied more on punishment than reinforcement

Which of the following is true about case study research?

Luria's mnemonist ("S.") was studied through the use of which procedure?

One of the multiple baseline designs in the chapter was illustrated by a study on improving linebacker performance. Which type of multiple baseline was used?

In response to the criticism that single-subject results do not have external validity, advocates argue that

A comparison between reinforcement that is directly contingent upon behavior and noncontingent reinforcement can be made with a(n) _______ design.

All single-subject designs include

Someone might argue that it is n0t important that the reinforcement be made contingent on a specific behavior; all that matters in order to change the behavior is that reinforcement be given. A(n) _______ design can be used to test this claim.

Describe two different varieties of case study and give an example of each.

Describe the operant phenomenon of shaping and show how it forms the basis for one of the single-subject designs.

A study by Foxx and Rubinoff showed how small N designs can be useful in reducing the amount of caffeine people ingest daily. They used which design?

In early small N research like the Dresslar study on facial vision, additional subjects

Describe the essential features of these designs: A-B-C-B, A-A1-B-A1-B, alternating treatments.

What are the ideal circumstances for using the following designs: A-B-A-B, multiple baseline, changing criterion?

A researcher wishes to determine if bed-making behaviors can be increased more easily through either method A or method B. The best single-subject design to use would be

In early small N research like the Dresslar study on facial vision, additional subjects served the purpose of

Research on visual discrimination learning in children has shown that

In an A-B-C-B design,

The case study of former boxer "AB" illustrates the importance of case studies to

Which of the following designs compares the effects of contingent with noncontingent reinforcement?

A study by Flood et al. was designed to help ADHD school children stay on task. Which of the following was true of their study?

Scientific Thinking in Psychology

Ethics in Psychological Research

Developing Ideas for Research in Psychology

Measurement, Sampling, and Data Analysis

Introduction to Experimental Research

Control Problems in Experimental Research

Experimental Design 1: Single Factor Designs

Experimental Design II: Factorial Designs

Correlational Research

Quasi-Experimental Designs Applied Research

Descriptive Research Methods

Filters

Exam 11: Small N Designs

Which of the following is true about case study research?

Luria's mnemonist ("S.") was studied through the use of which procedure?

One of the multiple baseline designs in the chapter was illustrated by a study on improving linebacker performance. Which type of multiple baseline was used?

In response to the criticism that single-subject results do not have external validity, advocates argue that

A comparison between reinforcement that is directly contingent upon behavior and noncontingent reinforcement can be made with a(n) _______ design.

All single-subject designs include

Someone might argue that it is n0t important that the reinforcement be made contingent on a specific behavior; all that matters in order to change the behavior is that reinforcement be given. A(n) _______ design can be used to test this claim.

Describe two different varieties of case study and give an example of each.

Describe the operant phenomenon of shaping and show how it forms the basis for one of the single-subject designs.

A study by Foxx and Rubinoff showed how small N designs can be useful in reducing the amount of caffeine people ingest daily. They used which design?

In early small N research like the Dresslar study on facial vision, additional subjects

Describe the essential features of these designs: A-B-C-B, A-A1-B-A1-B, alternating treatments.

What are the ideal circumstances for using the following designs: A-B-A-B, multiple baseline, changing criterion?

A researcher wishes to determine if bed-making behaviors can be increased more easily through either method A or method B. The best single-subject design to use would be

In early small N research like the Dresslar study on facial vision, additional subjects served the purpose of

Research on visual discrimination learning in children has shown that

In an A-B-C-B design,

The case study of former boxer "AB" illustrates the importance of case studies to

Which of the following designs compares the effects of contingent with noncontingent reinforcement?

A study by Flood et al. was designed to help ADHD school children stay on task. Which of the following was true of their study?

Scientific Thinking in Psychology

Ethics in Psychological Research

Developing Ideas for Research in Psychology

Measurement, Sampling, and Data Analysis

Introduction to Experimental Research

Control Problems in Experimental Research

Experimental Design 1: Single Factor Designs

Experimental Design II: Factorial Designs

Correlational Research

Quasi-Experimental Designs Applied Research

Descriptive Research Methods

Filters