Question 1

Which of the following research examples used a multiple baseline across settings design?

Accepted Answer

A)  the study with ADHD children 
B)  the study helping "George" to stop drooling 
C)  the study that helped children learn to control stuttering 
D)  the study that improved linebacker play 
A)  the study with ADHD children 
B)  the study helping "George" to stop drooling 
C)  the study that helped children learn to control stuttering 
D)  the study that improved linebacker play

Question 2

Which of the following is true about case study research?

Accepted Answer

A)  it might be the only way to study some rare individual 
B)  experimenter bias can affect what the researcher records about the case 
C)  the data from the subjects of case studies can be limited by memory failures 
D)  all of the above are true 
A)  it might be the only way to study some rare individual 
B)  experimenter bias can affect what the researcher records about the case 
C)  the data from the subjects of case studies can be limited by memory failures 
D)  all of the above are true

Question 3

A researcher wishes to examine the effects of a treatment on a single individual, first in one setting, then in a second, then in a third; this calls for a(n) _________ design.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher wishes to examine the effects...

Question 4

For Skinner, the dependent variable of choice was

Accepted Answer

A)  how often a behavior occurs 
B)  how quickly a behavior occurs 
C)  the strength of a behavior 
D)  whether the behavior was correct or in error 
A)  how often a behavior occurs 
B)  how quickly a behavior occurs 
C)  the strength of a behavior 
D)  whether the behavior was correct or in error

Question 5

Thorndike's puzzle box studies

Accepted Answer

A)  demonstrate the failure of large N designs in some situations 
B)  demonstrate that early experimentalists could not succeed unless they were talented creators of apparatus 
C)  illustrate the effective application of parsimonious explanations 
D)  provide strong evidence that cats had reasoning powers 
A)  demonstrate the failure of large N designs in some situations 
B)  demonstrate that early experimentalists could not succeed unless they were talented creators of apparatus 
C)  illustrate the effective application of parsimonious explanations 
D)  provide strong evidence that cats had reasoning powers

Question 6

Which design is better, an A-B-A design or an A-B-A-B design?

Accepted Answer

A)  A-B-A; it is more parsimonious 
B)  A-B-A; it has the ethical advantage of leaving subjects exactly where they started 
C)  A-B-A-B; it compares two different treatments 
D)  A-B-A-B; the treatment is evaluated twice 
A)  A-B-A; it is more parsimonious 
B)  A-B-A; it has the ethical advantage of leaving subjects exactly where they started 
C)  A-B-A-B; it compares two different treatments 
D)  A-B-A-B; the treatment is evaluated twice

Question 7

Early research on visual discrimination learning, in which data from many subjects were averaged, supported which theory of discrimination learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  discrimination learning occurs when children hit upon the correct hypothesis 
B)  discrimination learning occurs in a noncontinuous fashion 
C)  discrimination learning results from a gradual accumulation of habit strength 
D)  discrimination learning is essentially insight learning 
A)  discrimination learning occurs when children hit upon the correct hypothesis 
B)  discrimination learning occurs in a noncontinuous fashion 
C)  discrimination learning results from a gradual accumulation of habit strength 
D)  discrimination learning is essentially insight learning

Question 8

What is the best design to use when trying to develop a consistent exercise program?

Accepted Answer

A)  alternating treatments 
B)  multiple baseline 
C)  withdrawal 
D)  changing criterion 
A)  alternating treatments 
B)  multiple baseline 
C)  withdrawal 
D)  changing criterion

Question 9

Luria's case study of S., the mnemonist,

Accepted Answer

A)  is an example of archival research 
B)  demonstrates the limited value of case studies (who else is like this?) 
C)  demonstrates that case studies of unusual people can shed light on normal phenomena (e.g., the value of a limited short-term memory) 
D)  illustrates the problem of experimenter bias in case study research (S.'s memorywould not have been so exceptional if Luria had not paid so much attention to him) 
A)  is an example of archival research 
B)  demonstrates the limited value of case studies (who else is like this?) 
C)  demonstrates that case studies of unusual people can shed light on normal phenomena (e.g., the value of a limited short-term memory) 
D)  illustrates the problem of experimenter bias in case study research (S.'s memorywould not have been so exceptional if Luria had not paid so much attention to him)

Question 10

B. F. Skinner would agree with all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  control environmental conditions and orderly behavior will follow 
B)  general principles can only be derived from the intensive study of many individual cases 
C)  it is better (i.e., more efficient) to study 100 rats for an hour each than one rat for 100 hours 
D)  psychology should be more of an inductive than a deductive science 
A)  control environmental conditions and orderly behavior will follow 
B)  general principles can only be derived from the intensive study of many individual cases 
C)  it is better (i.e., more efficient) to study 100 rats for an hour each than one rat for 100 hours 
D)  psychology should be more of an inductive than a deductive science

Question 11

Describe the basic logic behind the use of a withdrawal design, and explain why an A-B-A-B design is preferred over an A-B-A design.

Accepted Answer

Withdrawal design is a research method u

Question 12

All of the following have been used as arguments for the use of small N except

Accepted Answer

A)  averaging the data from a large N study can produce results that do not reflect individual performance 
B)  some populations are too small to be examined using large N methods 
C)  it is impossible to avoid confounding with large N studies 
D)  some studies (e.g., language learning in apes) require intense study of just a few subjects over a long period of time 
A)  averaging the data from a large N study can produce results that do not reflect individual performance 
B)  some populations are too small to be examined using large N methods 
C)  it is impossible to avoid confounding with large N studies 
D)  some studies (e.g., language learning in apes) require intense study of just a few subjects over a long period of time

Question 13

Multiple baseline studies examine all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  two or more different treatment programs 
B)  two or more different individuals 
C)  two or more different settings 
D)  two or more different behaviors 
A)  two or more different treatment programs 
B)  two or more different individuals 
C)  two or more different settings 
D)  two or more different behaviors

Question 14

For which of the following designs is it most likely that changes could be attributed to the confound of maturation rather than to the experimental treatment?

Accepted Answer

A)  multiple baseline 
B)  A-B-C-B 
C)  A-B-A 
D)  A-B 
A)  multiple baseline 
B)  A-B-C-B 
C)  A-B-A 
D)  A-B

Question 15

Use the visual discrimination learning example to show that grouping data can produce problems with individual-subject validity.

Accepted Answer

Visual discrimination learning is a proc

Question 16

A(n) _______ design evaluates the effects of a drug treatment program by including a placebo condition.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n) _______ design evaluates the effects of...

Question 17

An A-B-A and an A-B-A-B are both examples of ________ designs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An A-B-A and an A-B-A-B are both...

Question 18

Small N designs represent a significant departure from the kind of experiments encountered in the text's first 10 chapters. What are the arguments used by advocates of small N designs to defend their choice of research, and it what ways are small N designs criticized by advocates of large N designs?

Accepted Answer

Advocates of small N designs argue that

Question 19

All multiple baseline designs

Accepted Answer

A)  evaluate the same behavior in more than one individual 
B)  examine the same behavior in an individual, but in two or more settings 
C)  introduce treatment(s) at different times 
D)  include a withdrawal element 
A)  evaluate the same behavior in more than one individual 
B)  examine the same behavior in an individual, but in two or more settings 
C)  introduce treatment(s) at different times 
D)  include a withdrawal element

Question 20

Which of the following was true about Thorndike's research on cats in puzzle boxes?

Accepted Answer

A)  his explanations were criticized for not being parsimonious 
B)  more than one cat was tested, with the additional cats serving a replication purpose 
C)  his results were a direct contradiction of Skinner's ideas about conditioning 
D)  it shows how all the early researchers had to be highly talented as apparatus builders 
A)  his explanations were criticized for not being parsimonious 
B)  more than one cat was tested, with the additional cats serving a replication purpose 
C)  his results were a direct contradiction of Skinner's ideas about conditioning 
D)  it shows how all the early researchers had to be highly talented as apparatus builders

Which of the following research examples used a multiple baseline across settings design?

Which of the following is true about case study research?

A researcher wishes to examine the effects of a treatment on a single individual, first in one setting, then in a second, then in a third; this calls for a(n) _________ design.

For Skinner, the dependent variable of choice was

Thorndike's puzzle box studies

Which design is better, an A-B-A design or an A-B-A-B design?

Early research on visual discrimination learning, in which data from many subjects were averaged, supported which theory of discrimination learning?

What is the best design to use when trying to develop a consistent exercise program?

Luria's case study of S., the mnemonist,

B. F. Skinner would agree with all of the following except

Describe the basic logic behind the use of a withdrawal design, and explain why an A-B-A-B design is preferred over an A-B-A design.

All of the following have been used as arguments for the use of small N except

Multiple baseline studies examine all of the following except

For which of the following designs is it most likely that changes could be attributed to the confound of maturation rather than to the experimental treatment?

Use the visual discrimination learning example to show that grouping data can produce problems with individual-subject validity.

A(n) _______ design evaluates the effects of a drug treatment program by including a placebo condition.

An A-B-A and an A-B-A-B are both examples of ________ designs.

Small N designs represent a significant departure from the kind of experiments encountered in the text's first 10 chapters. What are the arguments used by advocates of small N designs to defend their choice of research, and it what ways are small N designs criticized by advocates of large N designs?

All multiple baseline designs

Which of the following was true about Thorndike's research on cats in puzzle boxes?

Scientific Thinking in Psychology

Ethics in Psychological Research

Developing Ideas for Research in Psychology

Measurement, Sampling, and Data Analysis

Introduction to Experimental Research

Control Problems in Experimental Research

Experimental Design 1: Single Factor Designs

Experimental Design II: Factorial Designs

Correlational Research

Quasi-Experimental Designs Applied Research

Descriptive Research Methods

Filters

Exam 11: Small N Designs

Which of the following research examples used a multiple baseline across settings design?

Which of the following is true about case study research?

A researcher wishes to examine the effects of a treatment on a single individual, first in one setting, then in a second, then in a third; this calls for a(n) _________ design.

For Skinner, the dependent variable of choice was

Thorndike's puzzle box studies

Which design is better, an A-B-A design or an A-B-A-B design?

Early research on visual discrimination learning, in which data from many subjects were averaged, supported which theory of discrimination learning?

What is the best design to use when trying to develop a consistent exercise program?

Luria's case study of S., the mnemonist,

B. F. Skinner would agree with all of the following except

Describe the basic logic behind the use of a withdrawal design, and explain why an A-B-A-B design is preferred over an A-B-A design.

All of the following have been used as arguments for the use of small N except

Multiple baseline studies examine all of the following except

For which of the following designs is it most likely that changes could be attributed to the confound of maturation rather than to the experimental treatment?

Use the visual discrimination learning example to show that grouping data can produce problems with individual-subject validity.

A(n) _______ design evaluates the effects of a drug treatment program by including a placebo condition.

An A-B-A and an A-B-A-B are both examples of ________ designs.

All multiple baseline designs

Which of the following was true about Thorndike's research on cats in puzzle boxes?

Scientific Thinking in Psychology

Ethics in Psychological Research

Developing Ideas for Research in Psychology

Measurement, Sampling, and Data Analysis

Introduction to Experimental Research

Control Problems in Experimental Research

Experimental Design 1: Single Factor Designs

Experimental Design II: Factorial Designs

Correlational Research

Quasi-Experimental Designs Applied Research

Descriptive Research Methods

Filters