Question 1

A taxon of beetles includes the common ancestor and some, but not all, of its descendants.This taxon is a _______ group.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A taxon of beetles includes the common...

Question 2

Which is a property of HIV that would make it difficult to trace the source of the virus from one person to the next?

Accepted Answer

A)  The host can have a genetically diverse population of viruses. 
B)  HIV evolves very slowly within the host. 
C)  The transmission of the virus involves very few (often just one) viral particles. 
D)  Molecular phylogenies of viruses cannot be constructed. 
E)  The population of HIV is too small to trace. 
A)  The host can have a genetically diverse population of viruses. 
B)  HIV evolves very slowly within the host. 
C)  The transmission of the virus involves very few (often just one) viral particles. 
D)  Molecular phylogenies of viruses cannot be constructed. 
E)  The population of HIV is too small to trace.

Question 3

Consider five species of toads (A-E).Species A and B are sister species.Species C and D are also sister species.The clade containing species A and B is a sister to the clade containing species C and D.Not counting the root as a node, how many nodes would be found in a phylogenetic tree of species A, B, and C?

Accepted Answer

A)  One 
B)  Two 
C)  Three 
D)  Four 
E)  Five 
A)  One 
B)  Two 
C)  Three 
D)  Four 
E)  Five

Question 4

Recall the Hillis et al.experiments that tested the accuracy of methods used in phylogenetic analysis.If even more mutagens had been added, the rate of evolution would have been _______, there would have been _______ expected homoplasies, and the accuracy of the phylogenetic analysis most likely would have been _______ than what was observed.

Accepted Answer

A)  higher; more; better 
B)  higher; more; worse 
C)  higher; fewer; better 
D)  lower; more; worse 
E)  lower; fewer; better 
A)  higher; more; better 
B)  higher; more; worse 
C)  higher; fewer; better 
D)  lower; more; worse 
E)  lower; fewer; better

Question 5

Several distantly related clades of a family of plants have smooth fleshy leaves, whereas most plants related to the plants with fleshy leaves do not have this trait.Without any further information, the least parsimonious explantation for this is that the fleshy leaves

Accepted Answer

A)  evolved due to convergent evolution. 
B)  are a homologous feature within this family. 
C)  are a homoplastic trait within this family. 
D)  are examples of evolutionary reversals. 
E)  are due to a change in a single gene. 
A)  evolved due to convergent evolution. 
B)  are a homologous feature within this family. 
C)  are a homoplastic trait within this family. 
D)  are examples of evolutionary reversals. 
E)  are due to a change in a single gene.

Question 6

There are five species of beetles.Species A and B have red colored wings, whereas species C and D have pale wings and species E lacks wings completely.Which piece of evidence would best support the hypothesis that red wings are a synapomorphy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Evidence from morphology unrelated to wings that A and B are sister species. 
B)  DNA evidence showing that species B and D are sister species. 
C)  Fossil evidence showing that the common ancestor of all five species lacked wings. 
D)  Fossil evidence showing that the common ancestor of all five species had red wings. 
E)  Evidence showing that species A and B live in an environment that favors red wings, whereas the other three species live in an environment that favors pale wings 
A)  Evidence from morphology unrelated to wings that A and B are sister species. 
B)  DNA evidence showing that species B and D are sister species. 
C)  Fossil evidence showing that the common ancestor of all five species lacked wings. 
D)  Fossil evidence showing that the common ancestor of all five species had red wings. 
E)  Evidence showing that species A and B live in an environment that favors red wings, whereas the other three species live in an environment that favors pale wings

Question 7

In modern systematics, each family name is based on

Accepted Answer

A)  the name of a member genus. 
B)  a characteristic common to all members. 
C)  the name of the order to which the family belongs. 
D)  the name of the largest member species. 
E)  the Latin name for the organisms. 
A)  the name of a member genus. 
B)  a characteristic common to all members. 
C)  the name of the order to which the family belongs. 
D)  the name of the largest member species. 
E)  the Latin name for the organisms.

Question 8

The wasp genus Nasonia contains all of the descendants of the common ancestor of its members.This genus therefore would be called

Accepted Answer

A)  a clade. 
B)  a polyphyly. 
C)  a synapomorphy. 
D)  parsimonious. 
E)  self-compatible. 
A)  a clade. 
B)  a polyphyly. 
C)  a synapomorphy. 
D)  parsimonious. 
E)  self-compatible.

Question 9

A well-funded team of biologists have collected data on a number of different anatomical features of a group of marine gastropods.Prior work has shown that the rates of evolution of different features vary widely.Based on this, the biologists should use _______ methods in the analysis of their data.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A well-funded team of biologists have collected...

Question 10

In their studies testing the accuracy of phylogenetic methods, Hillis and colleagues split the culture virus into two separate lineages.Why did they do this?

Accepted Answer

A)  To obtain an ingroup and an outgroup 
B)  To increase the amount of homoplasy 
C)  To decrease the amount of homoplasy 
D)  To increase the accuracy of the results 
E)  To enable the use of maximum likelihood analysis 
A)  To obtain an ingroup and an outgroup 
B)  To increase the amount of homoplasy 
C)  To decrease the amount of homoplasy 
D)  To increase the accuracy of the results 
E)  To enable the use of maximum likelihood analysis

Question 11

Refer to the figure.   Which of these phylogenetic trees conveys different phylogenetic information from the others?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tree 1 
B)  Tree 2 
C)  Tree 3 
D)  Tree 4 
E)  All of the trees convey the same information. 
A)  Tree 1 
B)  Tree 2 
C)  Tree 3 
D)  Tree 4 
E)  All of the trees convey the same information.

Question 12

Your colleague has incorrectly written a species of dwarf salamander as eurycea Hillisi.Based on the rules of binomial nomenclature, _______ is the proper way to write the species name.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your colleague has incorrectly written a species...

Question 13

Refer to the figure showing a single viral plaque that was split every 400 generations and grown in the presence of a mutagen.   How many generations of evolution have occurred between the A lineage and the C lineage? Remember that evolution is occurring in both lineages.

Accepted Answer

A)  400 
B)  800 
C)  1,200 
D)  1,600 
E)  3,200 
A)  400 
B)  800 
C)  1,200 
D)  1,600 
E)  3,200

Question 14

Refer to the figure showing a single viral plaque that was split every 400 generations and grown in the presence of a mutagen.   Which lineage would likely share the most synapomorphies with lineage F?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure showing a single...

Question 15

Consider five species of toads (A-E).Species A and B are sister species.Species C and D are also sister species.The clade containing species A and B is a sister to the clade containing species C and D.Not counting the root as a node, how many nodes would be found in a phylogenetic tree of species A, B, C, and D?

Accepted Answer

A)  One 
B)  Two 
C)  Three 
D)  Four 
E)  Five 
A)  One 
B)  Two 
C)  Three 
D)  Four 
E)  Five

Question 16

Consider five species of toads (A-E).Species A and B are sister species.Species C and D are also sister species.The clade containing species A and B is a sister to the clade containing species C and D.Not counting the root as a node, how many nodes would be found in a phylogenetic tree of species A, B, C, D, and E?

Accepted Answer

A)  One 
B)  Two 
C)  Three 
D)  Four 
E)  Five 
A)  One 
B)  Two 
C)  Three 
D)  Four 
E)  Five

Question 17

Refer to the figure.   In the clade that contains species A, B, C, and D, species _______ would be part of the ingroup, and species _______ would be an outgroup.

Accepted Answer

A)  A; B 
B)  A; E 
C)  E; A 
D)  E; D 
E)  E; F 
A)  A; B 
B)  A; E 
C)  E; A 
D)  E; D 
E)  E; F

Question 18

A new taxon of beetle species consists of all the evolutionary descendants of a common ancestor.It is thus called a _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A new taxon of beetle species consists...

Question 19

Phylogenetic analysis shows that HIV most likely was transmitted to humans from _______ species of nonhuman primates.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Phylogenetic analysis shows that HIV most likely...

Question 20

Four different phylogenetic trees of a group of salamanders have been proposed.Trees A and B each require 19 homoplasies, but tree A requires 16 synapomorphies, and tree B requires 15 synapomorphies.Tree C requires 15 homoplasies and 18 synapomorphies.Finally, tree D requires 22 homoplasies and 9 synapomorphies.According to the principle of parsimony, which tree or trees is/are the best?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tree A 
B)  Tree B 
C)  Tree C 
D)  Tree D 
E)  Both tree A and tree B are equally good, and better than the others. 
A)  Tree A 
B)  Tree B 
C)  Tree C 
D)  Tree D 
E)  Both tree A and tree B are equally good, and better than the others.

Exam 21: Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

A taxon of beetles includes the common ancestor and some, but not all, of its descendants.This taxon is a _______ group.

Which is a property of HIV that would make it difficult to trace the source of the virus from one person to the next?

Several distantly related clades of a family of plants have smooth fleshy leaves, whereas most plants related to the plants with fleshy leaves do not have this trait.Without any further information, the least parsimonious explantation for this is that the fleshy leaves

There are five species of beetles.Species A and B have red colored wings, whereas species C and D have pale wings and species E lacks wings completely.Which piece of evidence would best support the hypothesis that red wings are a synapomorphy?

In modern systematics, each family name is based on

The wasp genus Nasonia contains all of the descendants of the common ancestor of its members.This genus therefore would be called

In their studies testing the accuracy of phylogenetic methods, Hillis and colleagues split the culture virus into two separate lineages.Why did they do this?

Refer to the figure. Which of these phylogenetic trees conveys different phylogenetic information from the others?

Your colleague has incorrectly written a species of dwarf salamander as eurycea Hillisi.Based on the rules of binomial nomenclature, _______ is the proper way to write the species name.

Refer to the figure showing a single viral plaque that was split every 400 generations and grown in the presence of a mutagen. How many generations of evolution have occurred between the A lineage and the C lineage? Remember that evolution is occurring in both lineages.

Refer to the figure showing a single viral plaque that was split every 400 generations and grown in the presence of a mutagen. Which lineage would likely share the most synapomorphies with lineage F?

Refer to the figure. In the clade that contains species A, B, C, and D, species _______ would be part of the ingroup, and species _______ would be an outgroup.

A new taxon of beetle species consists of all the evolutionary descendants of a common ancestor.It is thus called a _______.

Phylogenetic analysis shows that HIV most likely was transmitted to humans from _______ species of nonhuman primates.

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Communication and Multicellularity

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Mechanisms of Evolution

Speciation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Glia, and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Functions

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen Excretion

Animal Behavior

The Physical Environment and Biogeography of Life

Populations

Species Interactions

Communities

Ecosystems

A Changing Biosphere

Filters

Refer to the figure. In the clade that contains species A, B, C, and D, species _ would be part of the ingroup, and species _ would be an outgroup.