Question 1

Which school of thought in psychology was heavily influenced by the evolutionary theories of Charles Darwin?

Accepted Answer

A) phrenology 
B) structuralism 
C) functionalism 
D) psychoanalysis 
A) phrenology 
B) structuralism 
C) functionalism 
D) psychoanalysis

Question 2

Psychological science is

Accepted Answer

A) both empirical and deterministic. 
B) empirical but not deterministic. 
C) deterministic but not empirical. 
D) neither empirical nor deterministic. 
A) both empirical and deterministic. 
B) empirical but not deterministic. 
C) deterministic but not empirical. 
D) neither empirical nor deterministic.

Question 3

Which of the following is true regarding Darwin's theory of evolution?

Accepted Answer

A) It applies to physical characteristics,but not to behaviour. 
B) It applies to behaviour,but not to physical characteristics. 
C) It applies to physical characteristics as well as to behaviours. 
D) It was discredited along with Francis Galton's concept of eugenics. 
A) It applies to physical characteristics,but not to behaviour. 
B) It applies to behaviour,but not to physical characteristics. 
C) It applies to physical characteristics as well as to behaviours. 
D) It was discredited along with Francis Galton's concept of eugenics.

Question 4

According to the principle of _______________,human behaviour is the result of factors that influence us is predictable ways.

Accepted Answer

A) free will 
B) materialism 
C) determinism 
D) empiricism 
A) free will 
B) materialism 
C) determinism 
D) empiricism

Question 5

Which treatment approach did Sigmund Freud develop for treating his patients?

Accepted Answer

A) drug therapy 
B) neuropsychology 
C) clinical psychology 
D) psychoanalysis 
A) drug therapy 
B) neuropsychology 
C) clinical psychology 
D) psychoanalysis

Question 6

Jose reads in an article from a psychology journal that people tend to remember the first and last few items in long lists of information,but have the most trouble remembering the items in the middle.He immediately starts thinking of how he can use this information to change the way he studies the long list of vocabulary terms for his upcoming exam.Which part of the scientific literacy model does this demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

A) application 
B) scientific explanation 
C) knowledge gathering 
D) critical thinking 
A) application 
B) scientific explanation 
C) knowledge gathering 
D) critical thinking

Question 7

Which of the following is true regarding phrenology?

Accepted Answer

A) It is still used by forensic psychologists. 
B) It was an early approach to brain localization. 
C) It was developed by Karl Wernicke and Paul Broca. 
D) It was developed in the 1950'. 
A) It is still used by forensic psychologists. 
B) It was an early approach to brain localization. 
C) It was developed by Karl Wernicke and Paul Broca. 
D) It was developed in the 1950'.

Question 8

According to the principle of parsimony,reports of alien abduction are unlikely to be true because

Accepted Answer

A) there are several other explanations that are much simpler. 
B) aliens do not really exist. 
C) eyewitness reports should never be believed. 
D) people who think they were abducted by aliens are clearly mentally unstable. 
A) there are several other explanations that are much simpler. 
B) aliens do not really exist. 
C) eyewitness reports should never be believed. 
D) people who think they were abducted by aliens are clearly mentally unstable.

Question 9

Being skeptical about a claim means

Accepted Answer

A) asking if there is sound evidence to support it. 
B) realizing that most complex issues do not have easy answers. 
C) not believing the claim,no matter what. 
D) believing the claim unless evidence to the contrary is presented. 
A) asking if there is sound evidence to support it. 
B) realizing that most complex issues do not have easy answers. 
C) not believing the claim,no matter what. 
D) believing the claim unless evidence to the contrary is presented.

Question 10

Professor Ashmore approaches questions about human behaviour from a perspective that emphasizes how people reason,remember,and understand language.It is most likely that she accepts the _____________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

A) biological 
B) behavioural 
C) cognitive 
D) sociocultural 
A) biological 
B) behavioural 
C) cognitive 
D) sociocultural

Question 11

What advice might John B.Watson have offered to psychologists of his time?

Accepted Answer

A) "Focus on observable behaviour." 
B) "Life is an effort to overcome inferiority." 
C) "We cannot know others until we know ourselves." 
D) "Remember that what we accomplish is due to the composition of our genes." 
A) "Focus on observable behaviour." 
B) "Life is an effort to overcome inferiority." 
C) "We cannot know others until we know ourselves." 
D) "Remember that what we accomplish is due to the composition of our genes."

Question 12

At the close of the nineteenth century,Gerhard is excited to find that he has been accepted for training in the psychology laboratory of Wilhelm Wundt.It is likely that Gerhard will be trained to

Accepted Answer

A) analyze how to break down his sensations into their most basic elements. 
B) determine the function or purpose of a particular human behaviour. 
C) listen intently while individuals tell him of their depression or nervousness. 
D) carefully feel the bumps on a person's head in order to determine his or her character traits. 
A) analyze how to break down his sensations into their most basic elements. 
B) determine the function or purpose of a particular human behaviour. 
C) listen intently while individuals tell him of their depression or nervousness. 
D) carefully feel the bumps on a person's head in order to determine his or her character traits.

Question 13

"Brain localization" refers to the idea that

Accepted Answer

A) the brain is wired for the spatial mapping of our surroundings. 
B) neurons in the brain only communicate with nearby neurons. 
C) the brain,and not the heart,is the seat of the human consciousness. 
D) certain parts of the brain control specific mental abilities and personality characteristics. 
A) the brain is wired for the spatial mapping of our surroundings. 
B) neurons in the brain only communicate with nearby neurons. 
C) the brain,and not the heart,is the seat of the human consciousness. 
D) certain parts of the brain control specific mental abilities and personality characteristics.

Question 14

The biopsychosocial model assumes that

Accepted Answer

A) behaviour often can only be fully explained by combining multiple perspectives. 
B) biological factors are more important than social factors in determining behaviour. 
C) all living organisms form social groups,based on their physical and psychological needs. 
D) the simplest explanation for behaviour is usually best. 
A) behaviour often can only be fully explained by combining multiple perspectives. 
B) biological factors are more important than social factors in determining behaviour. 
C) all living organisms form social groups,based on their physical and psychological needs. 
D) the simplest explanation for behaviour is usually best.

Question 15

Which early approach to brain localization was used by physicians like Paul Broca,and was more scientific than phrenology?

Accepted Answer

A) using electricity to stimulate different brain regions 
B) surgically removing brain regions 
C) studying the behaviour of patients who had experienced brain injuries 
D) studying the shape and size of the human skull 
A) using electricity to stimulate different brain regions 
B) surgically removing brain regions 
C) studying the behaviour of patients who had experienced brain injuries 
D) studying the shape and size of the human skull

Question 16

Caroline's best friend tells her that eating a chili pepper with each meal will increase her metabolism and help her burn more calories."That sounds interesting," says Caroline,"but is there any evidence to back up this claim?" Caroline's question illustrates what element of critical thinking?

Accepted Answer

A) the principle of parsimony 
B) cynicism 
C) tolerating ambiguity 
D) skepticism 
A) the principle of parsimony 
B) cynicism 
C) tolerating ambiguity 
D) skepticism

Question 17

Which of the following is true about critical thinking?

Accepted Answer

A) If used properly,everyone who uses it will come to the same conclusion. 
B) It forces us to break persistent mental habits that almost everyone uses. 
C) It often requires being negative or arbitrarily critical of other people's ideas. 
D) It always guarantees a correct answer. 
A) If used properly,everyone who uses it will come to the same conclusion. 
B) It forces us to break persistent mental habits that almost everyone uses. 
C) It often requires being negative or arbitrarily critical of other people's ideas. 
D) It always guarantees a correct answer.

Question 18

The ability to understand.analyze,and apply scientific information is called

Accepted Answer

A) the biopsychosocial model. 
B) scientific literacy. 
C) skepticism. 
D) empiricism. 
A) the biopsychosocial model. 
B) scientific literacy. 
C) skepticism. 
D) empiricism.

Question 19

Who proposed that emotions and other behaviours were the result of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A) Spurzheim 
B) Wernicke 
C) Freud 
D) Darwin 
A) Spurzheim 
B) Wernicke 
C) Freud 
D) Darwin

Question 20

Early leaders in __________________ believed that people are generally motivated to personally grow and fulfill their potential.

Accepted Answer

A) behaviourism 
B) cognitive psychology 
C) functionalism 
D) humanistic psychology 
A) behaviourism 
B) cognitive psychology 
C) functionalism 
D) humanistic psychology

Exam 1: B: Introducing Psychological Science

Which school of thought in psychology was heavily influenced by the evolutionary theories of Charles Darwin?

Psychological science is

Which of the following is true regarding Darwin's theory of evolution?

According to the principle of _______________,human behaviour is the result of factors that influence us is predictable ways.

Which treatment approach did Sigmund Freud develop for treating his patients?

Which of the following is true regarding phrenology?

According to the principle of parsimony,reports of alien abduction are unlikely to be true because

Being skeptical about a claim means

Professor Ashmore approaches questions about human behaviour from a perspective that emphasizes how people reason,remember,and understand language.It is most likely that she accepts the _____________ perspective.

What advice might John B.Watson have offered to psychologists of his time?

At the close of the nineteenth century,Gerhard is excited to find that he has been accepted for training in the psychology laboratory of Wilhelm Wundt.It is likely that Gerhard will be trained to

"Brain localization" refers to the idea that

The biopsychosocial model assumes that

Which early approach to brain localization was used by physicians like Paul Broca,and was more scientific than phrenology?

Caroline's best friend tells her that eating a chili pepper with each meal will increase her metabolism and help her burn more calories."That sounds interesting," says Caroline,"but is there any evidence to back up this claim?" Caroline's question illustrates what element of critical thinking?

Which of the following is true about critical thinking?

The ability to understand.analyze,and apply scientific information is called

Who proposed that emotions and other behaviours were the result of natural selection?

Early leaders in __________________ believed that people are generally motivated to personally grow and fulfill their potential.

A: Introducing Psychological Science

C: Introducing Psychological Science

D: Introducing Psychological Science

E: Introducing Psychological Science

A: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

B: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

C: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

D: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

E: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

A: Biological Psychology

B: Biological Psychology

C: Biological Psychology

D: Biological Psychology

E: Biological Psychology

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

C: Sensation and Perception

D: Sensation and Perception

E: Sensation and Perception

A: Consciousness

B: Consciousness

C: Consciousness

D: Consciousness

E: Consciousness

A: Learning

B: Learning

C: Learning

D: Learning

E: Learning

A: Memory

B: Memory

C: Memory

D: Memory

E: Memory

A: Thought and Language

B: Thought and Language

C: Thought and Language

D: Thought and Language

E: Thought and Language

A: Intelligence Testing

B: Intelligence Testing

C: Intelligence Testing

D: Intelligence Testing

E: Intelligence Testing

A: Lifespan Development

B: Lifespan Development

C: Lifespan Development

D: Lifespan Development

E: Lifespan Development

A: Motivation and Emotion

B: Motivation and Emotion

C: Motivation and Emotion

D: Motivation and Emotion

Emotivation and Emotion

A: Personality

B: Personality

C: Personality

D: Personality

E: Personality

A: Social Psychology