Question 1

The adorable nature of babies in their appearance and their coos and smiles is a particularly good example of which process?

Accepted Answer

A)  nature eliciting nurture 
B)  the importance of timing 
C)  nature revealing itself over time 
D)  the importance of the active interpretation of experience 
A)  nature eliciting nurture 
B)  the importance of timing 
C)  nature revealing itself over time 
D)  the importance of the active interpretation of experience

Question 2

What is the estimate of how many children in Canada are maltreated each year?

Accepted Answer

A)  25 000 
B)  35 000 
C)  85 000 
D)  125 000 
A)  25 000 
B)  35 000 
C)  85 000 
D)  125 000

Question 3

An example of a behavioural change mechanism is:

Accepted Answer

A)  metacognition. 
B)  imitation. 
C)  synaptic pruning. 
D)  children's informal theories. 
A)  metacognition. 
B)  imitation. 
C)  synaptic pruning. 
D)  children's informal theories.

Question 4

When do nature and nurture begin interacting?

Accepted Answer

A)  prenatally 
B)  at birth 
C)  in infancy 
D)  after infancy 
A)  prenatally 
B)  at birth 
C)  in infancy 
D)  after infancy

Question 5

Which statement provides an example of the contribution of metacognition to development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children change their memory strategies as they realize which strategies will work in which situations. 
B)  Children habituate to stimuli with repeated exposure to them. 
C)  Children who are well liked by their peers tend to do better academically than do other children. 
D)  Children learn more from individuals with whom they have a positive relationship than from others. 
A)  Children change their memory strategies as they realize which strategies will work in which situations. 
B)  Children habituate to stimuli with repeated exposure to them. 
C)  Children who are well liked by their peers tend to do better academically than do other children. 
D)  Children learn more from individuals with whom they have a positive relationship than from others.

Question 6

Aggressive children's hostile attributional bias is an example of the influence of:

Accepted Answer

A)  early experience. 
B)  nurture on nature. 
C)  individuals' active interpretations of their experiences. 
D)  timing of the interaction between nature and nurture. 
A)  early experience. 
B)  nurture on nature. 
C)  individuals' active interpretations of their experiences. 
D)  timing of the interaction between nature and nurture.

Question 7

Which statement about cognitive mechanisms of change is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both general and domain-specific cognitive learning mechanisms exist to influence development. 
B)  Only general cognitive learning mechanisms, and not domain-specific cognitive learning mechanisms, exist to help children learn. 
C)  Only domain-specific cognitive learning mechanisms, and not general cognitive learning mechanisms, exist to help children learn. 
D)  It is unclear whether the cognitive learning mechanisms that children use are general or domain-specific. 
A)  Both general and domain-specific cognitive learning mechanisms exist to influence development. 
B)  Only general cognitive learning mechanisms, and not domain-specific cognitive learning mechanisms, exist to help children learn. 
C)  Only domain-specific cognitive learning mechanisms, and not general cognitive learning mechanisms, exist to help children learn. 
D)  It is unclear whether the cognitive learning mechanisms that children use are general or domain-specific.

Question 8

Which variable is NOT a dimension of psychological functioning that is typically considered crucial for a broad range of outcomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  number of children in family 
B)  self-esteem 
C)  intelligence 
D)  attachment 
A)  number of children in family 
B)  self-esteem 
C)  intelligence 
D)  attachment

Question 9

Which assertion is an assumption of stage theories?

Accepted Answer

A)  Not all children pass through stages in the same order. 
B)  Transitions between stages can take a long time. 
C)  When children are in a given stage, a broad range of their behaviour is consistent with that stage. 
D)  All of these are assumptions of stage theories. 
A)  Not all children pass through stages in the same order. 
B)  Transitions between stages can take a long time. 
C)  When children are in a given stage, a broad range of their behaviour is consistent with that stage. 
D)  All of these are assumptions of stage theories.

Question 10

Which assertion is true of prenatal development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prenatal development is essentially completely due to nature, except when teratogens are involved. 
B)  Prenatal development is purely the unfolding of innate potential. 
C)  There are innumerable interactions between nature and nurture in the womb. 
D)  The interaction of nature and nurture is limited to the control of the effects of nurture by the nature of the mother. 
A)  Prenatal development is essentially completely due to nature, except when teratogens are involved. 
B)  Prenatal development is purely the unfolding of innate potential. 
C)  There are innumerable interactions between nature and nurture in the womb. 
D)  The interaction of nature and nurture is limited to the control of the effects of nurture by the nature of the mother.

Question 11

Which statement about the effect of timing on the relation between nature and nurture is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nature only influences the nurture of human beings once they are born. 
B)  Nurture only influences the nature of human beings once they are born. 
C)  The effects of a particular kind of nurture depend on the nature of the child at the time of the experience. 
D)  A particular kind of nurture will generally exert its effect regardless of the nature of the child at the time of the experience. 
A)  Nature only influences the nurture of human beings once they are born. 
B)  Nurture only influences the nature of human beings once they are born. 
C)  The effects of a particular kind of nurture depend on the nature of the child at the time of the experience. 
D)  A particular kind of nurture will generally exert its effect regardless of the nature of the child at the time of the experience.

Question 12

Which factor contributes to the stability exhibited by many individual differences?

Accepted Answer

A)  stability in child's genes 
B)  stability of environment 
C)  both stability in child's genes and stability of environment 
D)  neither stability in child's genes nor stability of environment 
A)  stability in child's genes 
B)  stability of environment 
C)  both stability in child's genes and stability of environment 
D)  neither stability in child's genes nor stability of environment

Question 13

Which variable is an example of the sociocultural context of development?

Accepted Answer

A)  economic circumstances in which children live 
B)  country in which children live 
C)  time period in which children live 
D)  All of these variables are examples. 
A)  economic circumstances in which children live 
B)  country in which children live 
C)  time period in which children live 
D)  All of these variables are examples.

Question 14

Which "words of advice" are implied by psychological research for parenting?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pay little attention to children's characteristics when disciplining; simply discipline as you see fit. 
B)  Determine which decisions are really important. 
C)  Allow children to develop on their own without much guidance from you. 
D)  Do not worry a great deal about choosing a partner, as most couples end up divorced anyway. 
A)  Pay little attention to children's characteristics when disciplining; simply discipline as you see fit. 
B)  Determine which decisions are really important. 
C)  Allow children to develop on their own without much guidance from you. 
D)  Do not worry a great deal about choosing a partner, as most couples end up divorced anyway.

Question 15

Which variable would probably be MOST interesting to researchers interested in individual differences?

Accepted Answer

A)  Variable A, which is stable over time and has few concurrent associations with other variables 
B)  Variable B, which has many concurrent associations and changes drastically over short time periods 
C)  Variable C, which is stable over time and is related to few individual differences over time 
D)  Variable D, which has many concurrent associations and remains stable over time 
A)  Variable A, which is stable over time and has few concurrent associations with other variables 
B)  Variable B, which has many concurrent associations and changes drastically over short time periods 
C)  Variable C, which is stable over time and is related to few individual differences over time 
D)  Variable D, which has many concurrent associations and remains stable over time

Question 16

An example of self-initiated activity in the domain of gendered behaviour is:

Accepted Answer

A)  gender segregation. 
B)  parents' rewarding of gender-appropriate behaviour. 
C)  teachers' practice of calling on boys more than girls. 
D)  All of these activities are examples. 
A)  gender segregation. 
B)  parents' rewarding of gender-appropriate behaviour. 
C)  teachers' practice of calling on boys more than girls. 
D)  All of these activities are examples.

Question 17

Based on theories and research in child development, which statement is NOT good advice for educators?

Accepted Answer

A)  Identify sources of children's misunderstandings to enable instruction to be directed at the source of the misunderstanding. 
B)  Understand children's informal theories in order to be able to interpret their comments and correct their errors. 
C)  Help children learn individually, as trying to get children to learn together is frequently unproductive. 
D)  Keep children mentally and physically active in the learning process. 
A)  Identify sources of children's misunderstandings to enable instruction to be directed at the source of the misunderstanding. 
B)  Understand children's informal theories in order to be able to interpret their comments and correct their errors. 
C)  Help children learn individually, as trying to get children to learn together is frequently unproductive. 
D)  Keep children mentally and physically active in the learning process.

Question 18

Which phrase is the BEST way to summarize the relationship between nature and nurture and their effect on child development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nature creates nurture. 
B)  Nature and nurture are in constant interaction. 
C)  Sometimes nature; sometimes nurture. 
D)  First nature, then nurture. 
A)  Nature creates nurture. 
B)  Nature and nurture are in constant interaction. 
C)  Sometimes nature; sometimes nurture. 
D)  First nature, then nurture.

Question 19

An example of children's active interpretation of their experiences is:

Accepted Answer

A)  their informal theories of living things. 
B)  the loss of the stepping reflex. 
C)  the elicitation of harsh discipline by difficult toddlers. 
D)  All of these are examples. 
A)  their informal theories of living things. 
B)  the loss of the stepping reflex. 
C)  the elicitation of harsh discipline by difficult toddlers. 
D)  All of these are examples.

Question 20

Infants actively contribute to their own development through all of these actions EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  eliciting reactions from other people. 
B)  being unable to get around the environment on their own. 
C)  interpreting their experiences. 
D)  physically interacting with their environment. 
A)  eliciting reactions from other people. 
B)  being unable to get around the environment on their own. 
C)  interpreting their experiences. 
D)  physically interacting with their environment.

Exam 16: Section 2: Conclusions

The adorable nature of babies in their appearance and their coos and smiles is a particularly good example of which process?

What is the estimate of how many children in Canada are maltreated each year?

An example of a behavioural change mechanism is:

When do nature and nurture begin interacting?

Which statement provides an example of the contribution of metacognition to development?

Aggressive children's hostile attributional bias is an example of the influence of:

Which statement about cognitive mechanisms of change is true?

Which variable is NOT a dimension of psychological functioning that is typically considered crucial for a broad range of outcomes?

Which assertion is an assumption of stage theories?

Which assertion is true of prenatal development?

Which statement about the effect of timing on the relation between nature and nurture is true?

Which factor contributes to the stability exhibited by many individual differences?

Which variable is an example of the sociocultural context of development?

Which "words of advice" are implied by psychological research for parenting?

Which variable would probably be MOST interesting to researchers interested in individual differences?

An example of self-initiated activity in the domain of gendered behaviour is:

Based on theories and research in child development, which statement is NOT good advice for educators?

Which phrase is the BEST way to summarize the relationship between nature and nurture and their effect on child development?

An example of children's active interpretation of their experiences is:

Infants actively contribute to their own development through all of these actions EXCEPT:

Section 1: An Introduction to Child Development

Section 2: An Introduction to Child Development

Section 1: Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Section 2: Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Section 1: Biology and Behavior

Section 2: Biology and Behavior

Section 1: Theories of Cognitive Development

Section 2: Theories of Cognitive Development

Seeing, Thinking, and Doing in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Section 1: Conceptual Development

Section 2: Conceptual Development

Section 1: Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Section 2: Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Section 1: Theories of Social Development

Section 2: Theories of Social Development

Section 1: Emotional Development

Section 2: Emotional Development

Section 1: Attachment to Others and Development of Self

Section 2: Attachment to Others and Development of Self

Section 1: The Family

Section 2: The Family

Section 1: Peer Relationship

Section 2: Peer Relationship

Section 1: Moral Development

Section 2: Moral Development

Section 1: Gender Development

Section 2: Gender Development

Section 1: Conclusions

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