Question 1

Infants' sensitivity to the distributional properties of the speech they hear helps them:

Accepted Answer

A)  pick words out of speech streams. 
B)  differentiate between speech sounds and nonspeech sounds. 
C)  pay more attention to their mothers' speech than to other people's speech. 
D)  attend to paternal speech patterns. 
A)  pick words out of speech streams. 
B)  differentiate between speech sounds and nonspeech sounds. 
C)  pay more attention to their mothers' speech than to other people's speech. 
D)  attend to paternal speech patterns.

Question 2

Which expression is an example of telegraphic speech?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Mommy!" 
B)  "Want Mommy!" 
C)  "I need Mommy!" 
D)  "Mommy, would you please come here?" 
A)  "Mommy!" 
B)  "Want Mommy!" 
C)  "I need Mommy!" 
D)  "Mommy, would you please come here?"

Question 3

Which statement is an indicator that babbling by older infants depends on experience?

Accepted Answer

A)  Babies babble sounds that are not in their native language. 
B)  Infants who are deaf babble vocally and manually. 
C)  French adults were able to distinguish between babbling by babies from French-speaking families and babbling by babies from Arabic- and Cantonese-speaking families. 
D)  Infants and toddlers who babble do so in their native language. 
A)  Babies babble sounds that are not in their native language. 
B)  Infants who are deaf babble vocally and manually. 
C)  French adults were able to distinguish between babbling by babies from French-speaking families and babbling by babies from Arabic- and Cantonese-speaking families. 
D)  Infants and toddlers who babble do so in their native language.

Question 4

A _____ is a symbol.

Accepted Answer

A)  word 
B)  person's smile 
C)  computer 
D)  colour 
A)  word 
B)  person's smile 
C)  computer 
D)  colour

Question 5

Which of the following has been established by studying people's response to speech sounds?

Accepted Answer

A)  voice onset time 
B)  prosody 
C)  speech perception 
D)  categorical perception 
A)  voice onset time 
B)  prosody 
C)  speech perception 
D)  categorical perception

Question 6

Which piece of evidence is the LEAST convincing for the critical-period hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Abdelleh's language ability never fully developed. 
B)  Different neural mechanisms are used to process a second language by individuals who learned a second language in infancy and those who learned a second language after puberty. 
C)  The most proficient English speakers among immigrants to the United States are those who began learning English before age 7 years. 
D)  Adults are more likely than children to experience permanent language impairment as a result of brain damage. 
A)  Abdelleh's language ability never fully developed. 
B)  Different neural mechanisms are used to process a second language by individuals who learned a second language in infancy and those who learned a second language after puberty. 
C)  The most proficient English speakers among immigrants to the United States are those who began learning English before age 7 years. 
D)  Adults are more likely than children to experience permanent language impairment as a result of brain damage.

Question 7

The finding that infants pay attention to the speaker's intentions when interpreting the meaning of the speaker's words supports the importance of _____ in language development.

Accepted Answer

A)  the simultaneous activity of interconnected processing units 
B)  Universal Grammar 
C)  a language-specific learning module 
D)  social interaction 
A)  the simultaneous activity of interconnected processing units 
B)  Universal Grammar 
C)  a language-specific learning module 
D)  social interaction

Question 8

Bilingual infants are less likely than are monolingual infants to:

Accepted Answer

A)  abide by the whole-object assumption. 
B)  follow the mutual-exclusivity principle. 
C)  learn words with fast mapping. 
D)  use pragmatic cues. 
A)  abide by the whole-object assumption. 
B)  follow the mutual-exclusivity principle. 
C)  learn words with fast mapping. 
D)  use pragmatic cues.

Question 9

Imagine that a young child is presented with a novel word, teddy, when her uncle says, "What a sweet teddy." In front of the child are two objects, a teddy bear-bear is a word the child already knows-and a can opener, an object the child has never seen before. The child makes the assumption that the novel word refers to the can opener through an expectation referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  the mutual exclusivity assumption. 
B)  fast mapping. 
C)  the whole-object assumption. 
D)  cross-situational word learning. 
A)  the mutual exclusivity assumption. 
B)  fast mapping. 
C)  the whole-object assumption. 
D)  cross-situational word learning.

Question 10

The study by DeLoache and colleagues that used a "shrinking room" demonstrated that young children's trouble with scale models is due to their:

Accepted Answer

A)  trouble dealing with dual representation. 
B)  inability to remember the location of a hidden toy. 
C)  poor imagination skills. 
D)  difficulty comprehending the meaning of maps. 
A)  trouble dealing with dual representation. 
B)  inability to remember the location of a hidden toy. 
C)  poor imagination skills. 
D)  difficulty comprehending the meaning of maps.

Question 11

Which statement is the BEST evidence of a critical period for language development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adults who are deaf and who learned ASL as their native language are more proficient than those who learned ASL as a second language. 
B)  Genie eventually learned to comprehend and speak English after intensive training. 
C)  Adults are more likely than children to suffer permanent language impairment from brain damage. 
D)  The length of time Chinese and Korean immigrants had been in the United States was more strongly associated with their English proficiency than was the age at which they had come to the United States. 
A)  Adults who are deaf and who learned ASL as their native language are more proficient than those who learned ASL as a second language. 
B)  Genie eventually learned to comprehend and speak English after intensive training. 
C)  Adults are more likely than children to suffer permanent language impairment from brain damage. 
D)  The length of time Chinese and Korean immigrants had been in the United States was more strongly associated with their English proficiency than was the age at which they had come to the United States.

Question 12

Which idea is NOT used as evidence to support nativist views of language development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children acquire language very rapidly and with no direct instruction. 
B)  Nonhumans are unable to learn language. 
C)  Children are motivated to use language to communicate with others. 
D)  Groups of children who are deaf and not exposed to language invented their own sign language. 
A)  Children acquire language very rapidly and with no direct instruction. 
B)  Nonhumans are unable to learn language. 
C)  Children are motivated to use language to communicate with others. 
D)  Groups of children who are deaf and not exposed to language invented their own sign language.

Question 13

Syntactic bootstrapping refers to children's use of the _____ as a cue to figure out the meaning of a novel word.

Accepted Answer

A)  focus of adults' attention 
B)  grammatical category of a novel word 
C)  structure of the whole sentence 
D)  contrastive use of a familiar and unfamiliar word 
A)  focus of adults' attention 
B)  grammatical category of a novel word 
C)  structure of the whole sentence 
D)  contrastive use of a familiar and unfamiliar word

Question 14

Which statement about infants' early word production is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The proportion of nouns in very young children's vocabulary is related to the proportion of nouns in their mothers' speech to them. 
B)  The rate of vocabulary development is associated with the amount of speech infants hear. 
C)  One-word utterances typically have the same meaning as adults' single words. 
D)  Highly educated mothers have children with larger vocabularies than those of children with less-educated mothers. 
A)  The proportion of nouns in very young children's vocabulary is related to the proportion of nouns in their mothers' speech to them. 
B)  The rate of vocabulary development is associated with the amount of speech infants hear. 
C)  One-word utterances typically have the same meaning as adults' single words. 
D)  Highly educated mothers have children with larger vocabularies than those of children with less-educated mothers.

Question 15

Researchers with a connectionist view of language development would be MOST interested in:

Accepted Answer

A)  young children's sensitivity to pragmatic cues. 
B)  specific links between particular brain structures and specific language abilities. 
C)  critical periods for language acquisition. 
D)  children's overregularization errors. 
A)  young children's sensitivity to pragmatic cues. 
B)  specific links between particular brain structures and specific language abilities. 
C)  critical periods for language acquisition. 
D)  children's overregularization errors.

Question 16

Which word is generally the first word spoken by infants who speak English?

Accepted Answer

A)  daddy 
B)  hi 
C)  milk 
D)  no 
A)  daddy 
B)  hi 
C)  milk 
D)  no

Question 17

The fact that language learning is achieved by typically developing infants across the globe indicates that language is:

Accepted Answer

A)  species-specific. 
B)  species-universal. 
C)  pragmatic. 
D)  syntactic. 
A)  species-specific. 
B)  species-universal. 
C)  pragmatic. 
D)  syntactic.

Question 18

Describe three pieces of evidence supporting the notion of a critical period for language acquisition. What implications does this evidence have for exposing congenitally deaf children to a sign language?

Accepted Answer

A considerable body of evidence suggests

Question 19

Which utterance is the MOST developmentally advanced?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Read book." 
B)  "Am reading book." 
C)  "Book!" 
D)  "Me read book." 
A)  "Read book." 
B)  "Am reading book." 
C)  "Book!" 
D)  "Me read book."

Question 20

According to Noam Chomsky, babies are born with:

Accepted Answer

A)  a learning module that controls language acquisition and other aspects of cognitive functioning. 
B)  knowledge of the specific sounds involved in language. 
C)  knowledge of the general grammatical rules of all languages. 
D)  a genetic predisposition to acquire non-native language. 
A)  a learning module that controls language acquisition and other aspects of cognitive functioning. 
B)  knowledge of the specific sounds involved in language. 
C)  knowledge of the general grammatical rules of all languages. 
D)  a genetic predisposition to acquire non-native language.

Infants' sensitivity to the distributional properties of the speech they hear helps them:

Which expression is an example of telegraphic speech?

Which statement is an indicator that babbling by older infants depends on experience?

A _____ is a symbol.

Which of the following has been established by studying people's response to speech sounds?

Which piece of evidence is the LEAST convincing for the critical-period hypothesis?

The finding that infants pay attention to the speaker's intentions when interpreting the meaning of the speaker's words supports the importance of _____ in language development.

Bilingual infants are less likely than are monolingual infants to:

The study by DeLoache and colleagues that used a "shrinking room" demonstrated that young children's trouble with scale models is due to their:

Which statement is the BEST evidence of a critical period for language development?

Which idea is NOT used as evidence to support nativist views of language development?

Syntactic bootstrapping refers to children's use of the _____ as a cue to figure out the meaning of a novel word.

Which statement about infants' early word production is NOT true?

Researchers with a connectionist view of language development would be MOST interested in:

Which word is generally the first word spoken by infants who speak English?

The fact that language learning is achieved by typically developing infants across the globe indicates that language is:

Describe three pieces of evidence supporting the notion of a critical period for language acquisition. What implications does this evidence have for exposing congenitally deaf children to a sign language?

Which utterance is the MOST developmentally advanced?

According to Noam Chomsky, babies are born with:

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behaviour

Theories of Cognitive Development

Seeing, Thinking, and Doing in Infancy

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

Exam 6: Development of Language and Symbol Use

Infants' sensitivity to the distributional properties of the speech they hear helps them:

Which expression is an example of telegraphic speech?

Which statement is an indicator that babbling by older infants depends on experience?

A _____ is a symbol.

Which of the following has been established by studying people's response to speech sounds?

Which piece of evidence is the LEAST convincing for the critical-period hypothesis?

The finding that infants pay attention to the speaker's intentions when interpreting the meaning of the speaker's words supports the importance of _____ in language development.

Bilingual infants are less likely than are monolingual infants to:

The study by DeLoache and colleagues that used a "shrinking room" demonstrated that young children's trouble with scale models is due to their:

Which statement is the BEST evidence of a critical period for language development?

Which idea is NOT used as evidence to support nativist views of language development?

Syntactic bootstrapping refers to children's use of the _____ as a cue to figure out the meaning of a novel word.

Which statement about infants' early word production is NOT true?

Researchers with a connectionist view of language development would be MOST interested in:

Which word is generally the first word spoken by infants who speak English?

The fact that language learning is achieved by typically developing infants across the globe indicates that language is:

Describe three pieces of evidence supporting the notion of a critical period for language acquisition. What implications does this evidence have for exposing congenitally deaf children to a sign language?

Which utterance is the MOST developmentally advanced?

According to Noam Chomsky, babies are born with:

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behaviour

Theories of Cognitive Development

Seeing, Thinking, and Doing in Infancy

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters