Question 1

An innate collection of rules that regulate sentence structure is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  Universal Grammar. 
B)  a neural mechanism. 
C)  a self-contained language module. 
D)  a learning mechanism. 
A)  Universal Grammar. 
B)  a neural mechanism. 
C)  a self-contained language module. 
D)  a learning mechanism.

Question 2

The history of Nicaraguan Sign Language (NSL) and its status as a true language with its own grammar is evidence for the _____ view of language development.

Accepted Answer

A)  interactionist 
B)  nativist 
C)  connectionist 
D)  gestural-language specificity 
A)  interactionist 
B)  nativist 
C)  connectionist 
D)  gestural-language specificity

Question 3

To use a map, children must be able to understand it as:

Accepted Answer

A)  a piece of paper with lines and pictures. 
B)  a representation of real roads and buildings. 
C)  both a piece of paper and a representation of something real. 
D)  a valuable symbolic artifact. 
A)  a piece of paper with lines and pictures. 
B)  a representation of real roads and buildings. 
C)  both a piece of paper and a representation of something real. 
D)  a valuable symbolic artifact.

Question 4

Using the distributional properties of language is an example of what type of learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  statistical learning 
B)  habituation 
C)  perceptual learning 
D)  instrumental conditioning 
A)  statistical learning 
B)  habituation 
C)  perceptual learning 
D)  instrumental conditioning

Question 5

In the English language, syntactic development involves learning the difference between:

Accepted Answer

A)  tree and grass. 
B)  tree and trees. 
C)  "The tree is growing in the grass" and "The grass is growing in the tree." 
D)  "The bees are in the tree" and "The bees are in the grass." 
A)  tree and grass. 
B)  tree and trees. 
C)  "The tree is growing in the grass" and "The grass is growing in the tree." 
D)  "The bees are in the tree" and "The bees are in the grass."

Question 6

Which statement is the BEST advice for parents who want their child to learn a second language?

Accepted Answer

A)  As long as the child is exposed to the second language for an extended period of time, it does not matter when exposure to the language begins. 
B)  Wait to expose the child to a second language until he or she is old enough to be motivated to learn the language. 
C)  Expose the child to the second language as early as possible. 
D)  Begin exposure to the second language well after you are sure the child has learned the native language completely and proficiently. 
A)  As long as the child is exposed to the second language for an extended period of time, it does not matter when exposure to the language begins. 
B)  Wait to expose the child to a second language until he or she is old enough to be motivated to learn the language. 
C)  Expose the child to the second language as early as possible. 
D)  Begin exposure to the second language well after you are sure the child has learned the native language completely and proficiently.

Question 7

The modularity hypothesis posits that the human brain:

Accepted Answer

A)  is born with Universal Grammar. 
B)  contains a language mechanism that is separate from other aspects of cognitive functioning. 
C)  has evolved with general learning systems that underlie language and other types of learning. 
D)  is designed to respond to reinforcement of particular linguistic behaviours. 
A)  is born with Universal Grammar. 
B)  contains a language mechanism that is separate from other aspects of cognitive functioning. 
C)  has evolved with general learning systems that underlie language and other types of learning. 
D)  is designed to respond to reinforcement of particular linguistic behaviours.

Question 8

Studies of American and Chinese children who were congenitally deaf and who had never been exposed to any formal sign language demonstrated that the children:

Accepted Answer

A)  learned only a small number of "home signs" and did so by modelling their parents. 
B)  invented only a small number of "home signs" in order to communicate just their basic needs. 
C)  spontaneously imposed a rudimentary grammar on their "home signs." 
D)  combined their "home signs" in a structure similar to that of their parents' spoken language. 
A)  learned only a small number of "home signs" and did so by modelling their parents. 
B)  invented only a small number of "home signs" in order to communicate just their basic needs. 
C)  spontaneously imposed a rudimentary grammar on their "home signs." 
D)  combined their "home signs" in a structure similar to that of their parents' spoken language.

Question 9

Which word is generally the first word spoken by infants who speak Cantonese?

Accepted Answer

A)  mommy 
B)  hi 
C)  milk 
D)  no 
A)  mommy 
B)  hi 
C)  milk 
D)  no

Question 10

The words a child can say are referred to as the child's:

Accepted Answer

A)  distributional properties. 
B)  productive vocabulary. 
C)  categorical perception. 
D)  word segmentation. 
A)  distributional properties. 
B)  productive vocabulary. 
C)  categorical perception. 
D)  word segmentation.

Question 11

Which phrase is MOST likely to be spoken by a child in the telegraphic speech phase?

Accepted Answer

A)  "ouch head" 
B)  "the bunny" 
C)  "apple eat" 
D)  "baby sleeping" 
A)  "ouch head" 
B)  "the bunny" 
C)  "apple eat" 
D)  "baby sleeping"

Question 12

Infants' preparation for speaking does NOT include:

Accepted Answer

A)  practice producing sounds. 
B)  games like peek-a-boo. 
C)  following an adult's gaze when the adult is talking. 
D)  discovering where words begin and end in fluent speech. 
A)  practice producing sounds. 
B)  games like peek-a-boo. 
C)  following an adult's gaze when the adult is talking. 
D)  discovering where words begin and end in fluent speech.

Question 13

Which statement about infant-directed speech is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Infant-directed speech is used in all cultures. 
B)  Infant-directed speech is used only by mothers. 
C)  Infant preference for infant-directed speech may be a result of its emotional tone. 
D)  Infant-directed speech applies only to spoken languages; sign language by mothers who are deaf does not have any characteristics of infant-directed speech. 
A)  Infant-directed speech is used in all cultures. 
B)  Infant-directed speech is used only by mothers. 
C)  Infant preference for infant-directed speech may be a result of its emotional tone. 
D)  Infant-directed speech applies only to spoken languages; sign language by mothers who are deaf does not have any characteristics of infant-directed speech.

Question 14

In the study by Brown in which preschool children were shown hands kneading material in a container, young children tended to interpret "some sib" as the:

Accepted Answer

A)  material. 
B)  container. 
C)  act of kneading. 
D)  any of these. 
A)  material. 
B)  container. 
C)  act of kneading. 
D)  any of these.

Question 15

The cultural practice of referring to ships as female is an example of something an individual would learn with _____ development.

Accepted Answer

A)  semantic 
B)  metalinguistic 
C)  pragmatic 
D)  syntactic 
A)  semantic 
B)  metalinguistic 
C)  pragmatic 
D)  syntactic

Question 16

Research examining the association between infants' ability to detect differences among speech sounds at the age of 6 months and their later language skills has demonstrated that 6-month-old infants:

Accepted Answer

A)  who were better able to detect differences scored higher on some tests of language skills at later ages. 
B)  who were better able to detect differences scored lower on some tests of language skills at later ages. 
C)  varied in their ability to detect differences, but there was no association between this ability and later language skills. 
D)  did not vary in their ability to detect differences, and thus there was no association between this ability and later language skills. 
A)  who were better able to detect differences scored higher on some tests of language skills at later ages. 
B)  who were better able to detect differences scored lower on some tests of language skills at later ages. 
C)  varied in their ability to detect differences, but there was no association between this ability and later language skills. 
D)  did not vary in their ability to detect differences, and thus there was no association between this ability and later language skills.

Question 17

The fact that only humans acquire language in the normal course of development indicates that language is:

Accepted Answer

A)  species-specific. 
B)  species-universal. 
C)  pragmatic. 
D)  syntactic. 
A)  species-specific. 
B)  species-universal. 
C)  pragmatic. 
D)  syntactic.

Question 18

What is the MOST common drawing subject for young children?

Accepted Answer

A)  tree 
B)  house 
C)  person 
D)  sun 
A)  tree 
B)  house 
C)  person 
D)  sun

Question 19

A study by Baldwin in which an experimenter showed 18-month-olds two novel objects and then concealed them in containers demonstrated that children:

Accepted Answer

A)  use adults' focus of attention as a cue to word meaning. 
B)  are influenced by the grammatical category of new words. 
C)  often make incorrect assumptions about the meaning of new words. 
D)  are unable to use intentionality when interpreting the meaning of novel words. 
A)  use adults' focus of attention as a cue to word meaning. 
B)  are influenced by the grammatical category of new words. 
C)  often make incorrect assumptions about the meaning of new words. 
D)  are unable to use intentionality when interpreting the meaning of novel words.

Question 20

What can parents do to positively influence their preschoolers' ability to produce narratives?

Accepted Answer

A)  ask elaborative questions during conversations 
B)  teach grammatical rules when reading books 
C)  encourage the child to think about future events 
D)  use complex word combinations 
A)  ask elaborative questions during conversations 
B)  teach grammatical rules when reading books 
C)  encourage the child to think about future events 
D)  use complex word combinations

An innate collection of rules that regulate sentence structure is referred to as:

The history of Nicaraguan Sign Language (NSL) and its status as a true language with its own grammar is evidence for the _____ view of language development.

To use a map, children must be able to understand it as:

Using the distributional properties of language is an example of what type of learning?

In the English language, syntactic development involves learning the difference between:

Which statement is the BEST advice for parents who want their child to learn a second language?

The modularity hypothesis posits that the human brain:

Studies of American and Chinese children who were congenitally deaf and who had never been exposed to any formal sign language demonstrated that the children:

Which word is generally the first word spoken by infants who speak Cantonese?

The words a child can say are referred to as the child's:

Which phrase is MOST likely to be spoken by a child in the telegraphic speech phase?

Infants' preparation for speaking does NOT include:

Which statement about infant-directed speech is TRUE?

In the study by Brown in which preschool children were shown hands kneading material in a container, young children tended to interpret "some sib" as the:

The cultural practice of referring to ships as female is an example of something an individual would learn with _____ development.

Research examining the association between infants' ability to detect differences among speech sounds at the age of 6 months and their later language skills has demonstrated that 6-month-old infants:

The fact that only humans acquire language in the normal course of development indicates that language is:

What is the MOST common drawing subject for young children?

A study by Baldwin in which an experimenter showed 18-month-olds two novel objects and then concealed them in containers demonstrated that children:

What can parents do to positively influence their preschoolers' ability to produce narratives?

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behaviour

Theories of Cognitive Development

Seeing, Thinking, and Doing in Infancy

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

Exam 6: Development of Language and Symbol Use

An innate collection of rules that regulate sentence structure is referred to as:

The history of Nicaraguan Sign Language (NSL) and its status as a true language with its own grammar is evidence for the _____ view of language development.

To use a map, children must be able to understand it as:

Using the distributional properties of language is an example of what type of learning?

In the English language, syntactic development involves learning the difference between:

Which statement is the BEST advice for parents who want their child to learn a second language?

The modularity hypothesis posits that the human brain:

Studies of American and Chinese children who were congenitally deaf and who had never been exposed to any formal sign language demonstrated that the children:

Which word is generally the first word spoken by infants who speak Cantonese?

The words a child can say are referred to as the child's:

Which phrase is MOST likely to be spoken by a child in the telegraphic speech phase?

Infants' preparation for speaking does NOT include:

Which statement about infant-directed speech is TRUE?

In the study by Brown in which preschool children were shown hands kneading material in a container, young children tended to interpret "some sib" as the:

The cultural practice of referring to ships as female is an example of something an individual would learn with _____ development.

Research examining the association between infants' ability to detect differences among speech sounds at the age of 6 months and their later language skills has demonstrated that 6-month-old infants:

The fact that only humans acquire language in the normal course of development indicates that language is:

What is the MOST common drawing subject for young children?

A study by Baldwin in which an experimenter showed 18-month-olds two novel objects and then concealed them in containers demonstrated that children:

What can parents do to positively influence their preschoolers' ability to produce narratives?

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behaviour

Theories of Cognitive Development

Seeing, Thinking, and Doing in Infancy

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters