Question 1

Which statement is NOT part of the logic of experimental designs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Two or more groups of participants vary on one or more variables at the outset. 
B)  The participants within one group are given an experience that differs in only one way from the experience given to participants in the other group. 
C)  The participants in different groups behave differently after the experiences. 
D)  The different experiences are concluded to have caused the subsequent difference in behaviour. 
A)  Two or more groups of participants vary on one or more variables at the outset. 
B)  The participants within one group are given an experience that differs in only one way from the experience given to participants in the other group. 
C)  The participants in different groups behave differently after the experiences. 
D)  The different experiences are concluded to have caused the subsequent difference in behaviour.

Question 2

This theory posits that two interconnected brain areas, the hippocampus and the cortex, simultaneously encode new information during learning.

Accepted Answer

A)  Childcare outside of the home is a relatively new phenomenon. 
B)  Childcare outside of the home does not harm children. 
C)  Childcare outside of the home diminishes the bond between mother and child. 
D)  Childcare outside of the home was rare even 50 years ago. 
A)  Childcare outside of the home is a relatively new phenomenon. 
B)  Childcare outside of the home does not harm children. 
C)  Childcare outside of the home diminishes the bond between mother and child. 
D)  Childcare outside of the home was rare even 50 years ago.

Question 3

Describe what ethical issues researchers must consider when they are conducting research with children.

Accepted Answer

In Canada, the Tri-Council has developed

Question 4

To examine his hypothesis that children's creativity levels decrease with age, Dr. Leno asks children how many imaginary friends they have and considers their answers to be a measure of their creativity. A second researcher, Dr. Letterman, disagrees that the answers are a measure of creativity and instead believes that the number of imaginary friends a child has is an indicator of level of mental disturbance. Dr. Letterman believes Dr. Leno's measure of creativity has a problem with its:

Accepted Answer

A)  external validity. 
B)  relevance to the hypothesis. 
C)  reliability. 
D)  interrater agreement. 
A)  external validity. 
B)  relevance to the hypothesis. 
C)  reliability. 
D)  interrater agreement.

Question 5

Which theorist developed one of the best known stage theories of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Piaget 
B)  Scarr 
C)  Freud 
D)  Erikson 
A)  Piaget 
B)  Scarr 
C)  Freud 
D)  Erikson

Question 6

Which item is NOT one of the four factors Scarr identified as involved in the differences among siblings?

Accepted Answer

A)  sociocultural context 
B)  genes 
C)  children's choice of environments 
D)  treatment by parents and others 
A)  sociocultural context 
B)  genes 
C)  children's choice of environments 
D)  treatment by parents and others

Question 7

Test-retest reliability refers to the:

Accepted Answer

A)  level of agreement between different observers of the same behaviour. 
B)  improvement of children over time in abilities such as mathematics. 
C)  degree to which a test measures what it is intended to test. 
D)  degree of similarity in the results of the same measure when it is given at two different times. 
A)  level of agreement between different observers of the same behaviour. 
B)  improvement of children over time in abilities such as mathematics. 
C)  degree to which a test measures what it is intended to test. 
D)  degree of similarity in the results of the same measure when it is given at two different times.

Question 8

Longitudinal designs are particularly useful for examining:

Accepted Answer

A)  continuity and discontinuity in development. 
B)  age differences on a particular variable. 
C)  the processes that produce changes. 
D)  cause and effect relationships. 
A)  continuity and discontinuity in development. 
B)  age differences on a particular variable. 
C)  the processes that produce changes. 
D)  cause and effect relationships.

Question 9

Which statement describes a potential disadvantage of the interview method?

Accepted Answer

A)  The interview method has limited value for studying infrequent behaviours. 
B)  Individuals may distort the way that events happened. 
C)  It is difficult to gather information about participants' subjective experiences. 
D)  It does not enable the researcher to examine the subject in an in-depth manner. 
A)  The interview method has limited value for studying infrequent behaviours. 
B)  Individuals may distort the way that events happened. 
C)  It is difficult to gather information about participants' subjective experiences. 
D)  It does not enable the researcher to examine the subject in an in-depth manner.

Question 10

Which view of changes in height would lead to a view that height development is smooth and continuous?

Accepted Answer

A)  View A: measuring the height of a boy at yearly intervals from birth to age 18 
B)  View B: examining changes in height from one year to the next from birth to age 18 
C)  Both view A and view B make changes in height look continuous. 
D)  Both view A and view B make changes in height look discontinuous. 
A)  View A: measuring the height of a boy at yearly intervals from birth to age 18 
B)  View B: examining changes in height from one year to the next from birth to age 18 
C)  Both view A and view B make changes in height look continuous. 
D)  Both view A and view B make changes in height look discontinuous.

Question 11

The term used for the social class measure based on income and education is:

Accepted Answer

A)  race. 
B)  socioeconomic status. 
C)  culture. 
D)  sociocultural context. 
A)  race. 
B)  socioeconomic status. 
C)  culture. 
D)  sociocultural context.

Question 12

Which statement qualifies as a hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children whose parents argue in their presence are more likely than other children to try illegal drugs. 
B)  Which parental behaviours are associated with an increased likelihood of teenage illegal drug use? 
C)  What are the differences between children whose parents argue in their presence and those whose parents do not argue in their presence? 
D)  There are many differences between children whose parents argue in their presence and those whose parents do not argue in their presence. 
A)  Children whose parents argue in their presence are more likely than other children to try illegal drugs. 
B)  Which parental behaviours are associated with an increased likelihood of teenage illegal drug use? 
C)  What are the differences between children whose parents argue in their presence and those whose parents do not argue in their presence? 
D)  There are many differences between children whose parents argue in their presence and those whose parents do not argue in their presence.

Question 13

One study discussed in the text demonstrated that infants with a particular form of one of the genes influencing production of neurotransmitters associated with effortful attention had lower effortful attention than other infants when they also were exposed to poor parenting. What principle is demonstrated by this study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Environment plays a crucial role in the expression of genes. 
B)  The expression of genes plays a crucial role in one's environment. 
C)  Some genetic influences operate regardless of environment. 
D)  Current research methods often do not allow researchers to separate the influences of genetics and environment. 
A)  Environment plays a crucial role in the expression of genes. 
B)  The expression of genes plays a crucial role in one's environment. 
C)  Some genetic influences operate regardless of environment. 
D)  Current research methods often do not allow researchers to separate the influences of genetics and environment.

Question 14

Which method is the BEST way to divide participants into groups for an experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  dividing participants by hair color 
B)  allowing participants to choose which group to join 
C)  dividing participants by where their names fall on an alphabetic list 
D)  flipping a coin for each participant 
A)  dividing participants by hair color 
B)  allowing participants to choose which group to join 
C)  dividing participants by where their names fall on an alphabetic list 
D)  flipping a coin for each participant

Question 15

In which data-gathering method do researchers try to remain unobtrusive?

Accepted Answer

A)  a naturalistic interview 
B)  a structured interview 
C)  naturalistic observation 
D)  structured observation 
A)  a naturalistic interview 
B)  a structured interview 
C)  naturalistic observation 
D)  structured observation

Which statement is NOT part of the logic of experimental designs?

This theory posits that two interconnected brain areas, the hippocampus and the cortex, simultaneously encode new information during learning.

Describe what ethical issues researchers must consider when they are conducting research with children.

Which theorist developed one of the best known stage theories of cognitive development?

Which item is NOT one of the four factors Scarr identified as involved in the differences among siblings?

Test-retest reliability refers to the:

Longitudinal designs are particularly useful for examining:

Which statement describes a potential disadvantage of the interview method?

Which view of changes in height would lead to a view that height development is smooth and continuous?

The term used for the social class measure based on income and education is:

Which statement qualifies as a hypothesis?

Which method is the BEST way to divide participants into groups for an experiment?

In which data-gathering method do researchers try to remain unobtrusive?

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behaviour

Theories of Cognitive Development

Seeing, Thinking, and Doing in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

Exam 1: An Introduction to Child Development

Which statement is NOT part of the logic of experimental designs?

This theory posits that two interconnected brain areas, the hippocampus and the cortex, simultaneously encode new information during learning.

Describe what ethical issues researchers must consider when they are conducting research with children.

Which theorist developed one of the best known stage theories of cognitive development?

Which item is NOT one of the four factors Scarr identified as involved in the differences among siblings?

Test-retest reliability refers to the:

Longitudinal designs are particularly useful for examining:

Which statement describes a potential disadvantage of the interview method?

Which view of changes in height would lead to a view that height development is smooth and continuous?

The term used for the social class measure based on income and education is:

Which statement qualifies as a hypothesis?

Which method is the BEST way to divide participants into groups for an experiment?

In which data-gathering method do researchers try to remain unobtrusive?

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behaviour

Theories of Cognitive Development

Seeing, Thinking, and Doing in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters