Question 1

Kochanska and her colleagues probably chose to study toddlers' compliance with their mothers' requests with the methodology they used because:

Accepted Answer

A)  children tend to feel most comfortable in their own homes. 
B)  they wanted all children to be exposed to the identical situation. 
C)  they were interested in children's subjective experience of the event. 
D)  of all of these factors. 
A)  children tend to feel most comfortable in their own homes. 
B)  they wanted all children to be exposed to the identical situation. 
C)  they were interested in children's subjective experience of the event. 
D)  of all of these factors.

Question 2

The study that examined the lying behaviour of 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds utilized which type of design?

Accepted Answer

A)  cross-sectional 
B)  microgenetic 
C)  experimental 
D)  longitudinal 
A)  cross-sectional 
B)  microgenetic 
C)  experimental 
D)  longitudinal

Question 3

The study in which 6-year-old children were presented with a 5-day training program designed to improve effortful attention demonstrated that experience can:

Accepted Answer

A)  improve intelligence test scores but not brain processes. 
B)  change brain processes but not intelligence test scores. 
C)  improve both intelligence test scores and brain processes. 
D)  change neither intelligence test scores nor brain processes. 
A)  improve intelligence test scores but not brain processes. 
B)  change brain processes but not intelligence test scores. 
C)  improve both intelligence test scores and brain processes. 
D)  change neither intelligence test scores nor brain processes.

Question 4

A researcher is interested in thoroughly exploring 8-year-old Jane's thoughts and feelings about living in poverty. The researcher's BEST option for obtaining this information would be:

Accepted Answer

A)  a clinical interview. 
B)  a structured interview. 
C)  naturalistic observation. 
D)  structured observation. 
A)  a clinical interview. 
B)  a structured interview. 
C)  naturalistic observation. 
D)  structured observation.

Question 5

Which statement BEST answers to the question of whether development is fundamentally continuous or discontinuous?

Accepted Answer

A)  Development is fundamentally continuous. 
B)  Development is fundamentally discontinuous. 
C)  Some domains of development, such as cognitive development, are fundamentally discontinuous, whereas other domains, such as social development, are fundamentally continuous. 
D)  Whether development is fundamentally continuous or discontinuous depends on perspective-how development is examined as well as how often it is examined. 
A)  Development is fundamentally continuous. 
B)  Development is fundamentally discontinuous. 
C)  Some domains of development, such as cognitive development, are fundamentally discontinuous, whereas other domains, such as social development, are fundamentally continuous. 
D)  Whether development is fundamentally continuous or discontinuous depends on perspective-how development is examined as well as how often it is examined.

Question 6

The validity of a test refers to the:

Accepted Answer

A)  consistency of the test. 
B)  extent to which two raters agree on its result. 
C)  degree to which it measures what it is intended to measure. 
D)  level of agreement between different observers of the same behaviour. 
A)  consistency of the test. 
B)  extent to which two raters agree on its result. 
C)  degree to which it measures what it is intended to measure. 
D)  level of agreement between different observers of the same behaviour.

Question 7

Which statement about naturalistic observation is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Researchers try not to influence the behaviours of the individuals they are observing. 
B)  Researchers must ensure that the effects they observe are due to the variables they intentionally manipulated. 
C)  Obtaining sufficient interrater reliability is important. 
D)  The principal objective is to observe how people act in their usual surroundings. 
A)  Researchers try not to influence the behaviours of the individuals they are observing. 
B)  Researchers must ensure that the effects they observe are due to the variables they intentionally manipulated. 
C)  Obtaining sufficient interrater reliability is important. 
D)  The principal objective is to observe how people act in their usual surroundings.

Question 8

Rachel is a 6-month-old who has recently learned to sit up on her own. Her mother places two toys in front of her: a soft, yellow, stuffed animal within her reach and a colorful rattle slightly out of her reach. Seeing both toys, Rachel chooses the one she finds more appealing to play with. Over time, choices such as these do NOT influence:

Accepted Answer

A)  the development of her personality. 
B)  her development of crawling. 
C)  the development of her understanding of cause and effect. 
D)  the development of gross motor skills. 
A)  the development of her personality. 
B)  her development of crawling. 
C)  the development of her understanding of cause and effect. 
D)  the development of gross motor skills.

Question 9

In which country are infants expected to sleep in their own bed, separate from their parents, by 6 months of age?

Accepted Answer

A)  Japan 
B)  South Korea 
C)  Canada 
D)  Mexico 
A)  Japan 
B)  South Korea 
C)  Canada 
D)  Mexico

Question 10

The relationship between nature and nurture on developmental outcomes can BEST be described by which statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nature is more influential on developmental outcomes than nurture. 
B)  Nurture is more influential on developmental outcomes than nature. 
C)  There is a bidirectional interaction between nature and nurture that influences developmental outcomes. 
D)  There is no relationship between nature nor nurture on developmental outcomes. 
A)  Nature is more influential on developmental outcomes than nurture. 
B)  Nurture is more influential on developmental outcomes than nature. 
C)  There is a bidirectional interaction between nature and nurture that influences developmental outcomes. 
D)  There is no relationship between nature nor nurture on developmental outcomes.

Question 11

A researcher asks children a series of predetermined questions about how much they like to play with their siblings. The researcher is using:

Accepted Answer

A)  naturalistic observation. 
B)  structured observation. 
C)  a clinical interview. 
D)  a structured interview. 
A)  naturalistic observation. 
B)  structured observation. 
C)  a clinical interview. 
D)  a structured interview.

Question 12

The text describes a study examining the link between sleeping with a nightlight in infancy and later developing nearsightedness. This study exhibited which type of problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  negative-correlation 
B)  third-variable 
C)  causal-relationship 
D)  direction-of-causation 
A)  negative-correlation 
B)  third-variable 
C)  causal-relationship 
D)  direction-of-causation

Question 13

Researchers interested in understanding the process of change are MOST likely to use a _____ design.

Accepted Answer

A)  correlational 
B)  microgenetic 
C)  longitudinal 
D)  cross-sectional 
A)  correlational 
B)  microgenetic 
C)  longitudinal 
D)  cross-sectional

Question 14

Which factor is NOT an enduring theme in the study of child development?

Accepted Answer

A)  nature and nurture 
B)  continuity and discontinuity 
C)  stress and adaptation 
D)  individual differences in development 
A)  nature and nurture 
B)  continuity and discontinuity 
C)  stress and adaptation 
D)  individual differences in development

Question 15

The text describes several reasons for the importance of studying child development. Why is studying child development of interest or importance to you personally?

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary but should discuss the

Question 16

A researcher who would like to examine whether children who are high math achievers have better memories than do low math achievers should use:

Accepted Answer

A)  a clinical interview. 
B)  a laboratory experiment. 
C)  a correlational design. 
D)  random assignment. 
A)  a clinical interview. 
B)  a laboratory experiment. 
C)  a correlational design. 
D)  random assignment.

Question 17

A longitudinal design would be MOST useful for which research question?

Accepted Answer

A)  Are older children better than younger children at playing hopscotch? 
B)  What are the similarities and differences in the TV-viewing habits of elementary school students and junior high school students? 
C)  Do children who are empathetic preschoolers become empathetic teenagers? 
D)  How do children learn to solve jigsaw puzzles? 
A)  Are older children better than younger children at playing hopscotch? 
B)  What are the similarities and differences in the TV-viewing habits of elementary school students and junior high school students? 
C)  Do children who are empathetic preschoolers become empathetic teenagers? 
D)  How do children learn to solve jigsaw puzzles?

Question 18

Which basic step of the scientific method is unique to that method?

Accepted Answer

A)  Form a hypothesis. 
B)  Develop a method to test the hypothesis. 
C)  Ask a question. 
D)  Draw a conclusion. 
A)  Form a hypothesis. 
B)  Develop a method to test the hypothesis. 
C)  Ask a question. 
D)  Draw a conclusion.

Question 19

Which statement BEST characterizes the results of research on children from Romanian orphanages?

Accepted Answer

A)  Positive experiences in later childhood cannot counteract the effect of negative early childhood experiences. 
B)  Positive experiences in later childhood counteract the effect of negative early childhood experiences. 
C)  The impact of positive experiences on children's resiliency depends on the timing and extent of the neglect. 
D)  Neglect in infancy always has severe and lasting consequences. 
A)  Positive experiences in later childhood cannot counteract the effect of negative early childhood experiences. 
B)  Positive experiences in later childhood counteract the effect of negative early childhood experiences. 
C)  The impact of positive experiences on children's resiliency depends on the timing and extent of the neglect. 
D)  Neglect in infancy always has severe and lasting consequences.

Question 20

Recent research conducted by Ferguson (2015) and Furuya-Kanamori and Doi (2016) concluded what regarding the impact of playing violent video games on childhood and adolescent aggression?

Accepted Answer

A)  Their results indicated a direct link between the two. 
B)  They found that those who play less violent video games demonstrated increased prosocial behaviours. 
C)  Their results were inconclusive. 
D)  They concluded that the effect of playing violent video games on childhood and adolescent aggression were minimal. 
A)  Their results indicated a direct link between the two. 
B)  They found that those who play less violent video games demonstrated increased prosocial behaviours. 
C)  Their results were inconclusive. 
D)  They concluded that the effect of playing violent video games on childhood and adolescent aggression were minimal.

Kochanska and her colleagues probably chose to study toddlers' compliance with their mothers' requests with the methodology they used because:

The study that examined the lying behaviour of 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds utilized which type of design?

The study in which 6-year-old children were presented with a 5-day training program designed to improve effortful attention demonstrated that experience can:

A researcher is interested in thoroughly exploring 8-year-old Jane's thoughts and feelings about living in poverty. The researcher's BEST option for obtaining this information would be:

Which statement BEST answers to the question of whether development is fundamentally continuous or discontinuous?

The validity of a test refers to the:

Which statement about naturalistic observation is NOT true?

In which country are infants expected to sleep in their own bed, separate from their parents, by 6 months of age?

The relationship between nature and nurture on developmental outcomes can BEST be described by which statement?

A researcher asks children a series of predetermined questions about how much they like to play with their siblings. The researcher is using:

The text describes a study examining the link between sleeping with a nightlight in infancy and later developing nearsightedness. This study exhibited which type of problem?

Researchers interested in understanding the process of change are MOST likely to use a _____ design.

Which factor is NOT an enduring theme in the study of child development?

The text describes several reasons for the importance of studying child development. Why is studying child development of interest or importance to you personally?

A researcher who would like to examine whether children who are high math achievers have better memories than do low math achievers should use:

A longitudinal design would be MOST useful for which research question?

Which basic step of the scientific method is unique to that method?

Which statement BEST characterizes the results of research on children from Romanian orphanages?

Recent research conducted by Ferguson (2015) and Furuya-Kanamori and Doi (2016) concluded what regarding the impact of playing violent video games on childhood and adolescent aggression?

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behaviour

Theories of Cognitive Development

Seeing, Thinking, and Doing in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

Exam 1: An Introduction to Child Development

Kochanska and her colleagues probably chose to study toddlers' compliance with their mothers' requests with the methodology they used because:

The study that examined the lying behaviour of 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds utilized which type of design?

The study in which 6-year-old children were presented with a 5-day training program designed to improve effortful attention demonstrated that experience can:

A researcher is interested in thoroughly exploring 8-year-old Jane's thoughts and feelings about living in poverty. The researcher's BEST option for obtaining this information would be:

Which statement BEST answers to the question of whether development is fundamentally continuous or discontinuous?

The validity of a test refers to the:

Which statement about naturalistic observation is NOT true?

In which country are infants expected to sleep in their own bed, separate from their parents, by 6 months of age?

The relationship between nature and nurture on developmental outcomes can BEST be described by which statement?

A researcher asks children a series of predetermined questions about how much they like to play with their siblings. The researcher is using:

The text describes a study examining the link between sleeping with a nightlight in infancy and later developing nearsightedness. This study exhibited which type of problem?

Researchers interested in understanding the process of change are MOST likely to use a _____ design.

Which factor is NOT an enduring theme in the study of child development?

The text describes several reasons for the importance of studying child development. Why is studying child development of interest or importance to you personally?

A researcher who would like to examine whether children who are high math achievers have better memories than do low math achievers should use:

A longitudinal design would be MOST useful for which research question?

Which basic step of the scientific method is unique to that method?

Which statement BEST characterizes the results of research on children from Romanian orphanages?

Recent research conducted by Ferguson (2015) and Furuya-Kanamori and Doi (2016) concluded what regarding the impact of playing violent video games on childhood and adolescent aggression?

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behaviour

Theories of Cognitive Development

Seeing, Thinking, and Doing in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters