Question 1

Which of the following researchers emphasized human behavior as a result of the dynamic equilibrium among multiple, often-conflicting psychological forces?

Accepted Answer

A)  Wilhelm Wundt 
B)  Kurt Lewin 
C)  Hermann Ebbinghaus 
D)  Edmund Gestalt 
A)  Wilhelm Wundt 
B)  Kurt Lewin 
C)  Hermann Ebbinghaus 
D)  Edmund Gestalt B

Question 2

In the early 20th century, the first laboratory psychologists began conducting research. Which of the following best describes their methods?

Accepted Answer

A)  Careful randomized trials to observe human behavior in varying environments 
B)  Observing animal behavior to draw parallels to human mental processes 
C)  Using introspection to examine the researchers' own thought processes 
D)  Making careful observations of social interactions between laboratory participants 
A)  Careful randomized trials to observe human behavior in varying environments 
B)  Observing animal behavior to draw parallels to human mental processes 
C)  Using introspection to examine the researchers' own thought processes 
D)  Making careful observations of social interactions between laboratory participants C

Question 3

The configural model is an example of what approach to the study of social cognition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Elemental 
B)  Social 
C)  Behavioral 
D)  Holistic 
A)  Elemental 
B)  Social 
C)  Behavioral 
D)  Holistic D

Question 4

The most recent social cognitive neuroscience techniques relies on what tool?

Accepted Answer

A)  Twin-based studies 
B)  Studying brain damaged patients 
C)  Detailed brain imaging techniques 
D)  Measuring milliseconds of reaction times 
A)  Twin-based studies 
B)  Studying brain damaged patients 
C)  Detailed brain imaging techniques 
D)  Measuring milliseconds of reaction times

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a way in which Gestalt psychology influences the research of Kurt Lewin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Emphasizing holistic models of behavior and how an individual's perceptions of the social environment can be influential 
B)  Showing how objective, external interpretations of situations can explain social behavior in that environment 
C)  Emphasizing how a focus on individual aspects of a situation can in and of itself predict behavior 
D)  Showing how motivation plays an important role in determining what a person will do in any given situation 
A)  Emphasizing holistic models of behavior and how an individual's perceptions of the social environment can be influential 
B)  Showing how objective, external interpretations of situations can explain social behavior in that environment 
C)  Emphasizing how a focus on individual aspects of a situation can in and of itself predict behavior 
D)  Showing how motivation plays an important role in determining what a person will do in any given situation

Question 6

What was one of the primary reasons the study of introspection fell out of favor with researchers?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is impossible to publically reproduce introspections, so the evidence could not be confirmed by other researchers 
B)  The advent of computers led to more sophisticated techniques for studying mental processes 
C)  Linguistic developments showed how the complexity of language required a more complex model to explain its development 
D)  Nonverbal behaviors were shown to be a better measurement of attitudes and emotions 
A)  It is impossible to publically reproduce introspections, so the evidence could not be confirmed by other researchers 
B)  The advent of computers led to more sophisticated techniques for studying mental processes 
C)  Linguistic developments showed how the complexity of language required a more complex model to explain its development 
D)  Nonverbal behaviors were shown to be a better measurement of attitudes and emotions

Question 7

"People sometimes prioritize efficiency over accuracy in mental processing because they are limited in their capacity to process information." This statement best characterizes which of the following models of cognition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Information processing model 
B)  Activated actor model 
C)  Cognitive miser model 
D)  Naïve scientist model 
A)  Information processing model 
B)  Activated actor model 
C)  Cognitive miser model 
D)  Naïve scientist model

Question 8

What striking social cognitive difference in cultures has cognitive implications ranging from self-definition, to self-esteem, to life tasks, to the role of others?

Accepted Answer

A)  Comparisons of the self as more independent or interdependent 
B)  Variations of belief in religiosity 
C)  General beliefs in social cynicism 
D)  Language-based difference 
A)  Comparisons of the self as more independent or interdependent 
B)  Variations of belief in religiosity 
C)  General beliefs in social cynicism 
D)  Language-based difference

Question 9

Which of the following best describes "naïve psychology"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Estimates of behavioral processes based on a lack of understanding of cognitive processing 
B)  The ways in which young and/or sheltered people perceive and react to their environments 
C)  People's common sense, non-scientific theories about themselves and other people 
D)  How people feel about others in their social circles 
A)  Estimates of behavioral processes based on a lack of understanding of cognitive processing 
B)  The ways in which young and/or sheltered people perceive and react to their environments 
C)  People's common sense, non-scientific theories about themselves and other people 
D)  How people feel about others in their social circles

Question 10

What two Gestalt ideas that Kurt Lewin import into social and ultimately cognitive psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phenomenology and holistic view 
B)  Phenomenology and elemental view 
C)  Phenomenology and introspection 
D)  Behaviorism and holistic view 
A)  Phenomenology and holistic view 
B)  Phenomenology and elemental view 
C)  Phenomenology and introspection 
D)  Behaviorism and holistic view

Question 11

The medial prefrontal cortex is most closely associated with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Memory storage and recall 
B)  Extreme emotions 
C)  Social processes 
D)  Category recognition 
A)  Memory storage and recall 
B)  Extreme emotions 
C)  Social processes 
D)  Category recognition

Question 12

Which social neuroscience technique can only detect approximate spatial locations, but precise temporal locations?

Accepted Answer

A)  EEG 
B)  TMS 
C)  EMG 
D)  None of the above 
A)  EEG 
B)  TMS 
C)  EMG 
D)  None of the above

Question 13

According to the elemental view of social cognition, what allows ideas to develop from association through simple contiguity to mental compounds?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reward 
B)  Repetition 
C)  Motivation 
D)  Information Processing 
A)  Reward 
B)  Repetition 
C)  Motivation 
D)  Information Processing

Question 14

Dissonance theory is an example of what kind of view of the thinker in social psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  Consistency seeker 
B)  Motivated Tactician 
C)  Activated Actor 
D)  Cognitive Miser 
A)  Consistency seeker 
B)  Motivated Tactician 
C)  Activated Actor 
D)  Cognitive Miser

Question 15

Which of the following best characterizes cognition within the naïve scientist model?

Accepted Answer

A)  Motivation to resolve uncomfortable inconsistencies among cognitions and feelings 
B)  A rational search for relevant information, leading to logical conclusions 
C)  Using perceptions of others to imagine how they might react to a situation 
D)  Studying natural neural processes to better understand processes like category learning 
A)  Motivation to resolve uncomfortable inconsistencies among cognitions and feelings 
B)  A rational search for relevant information, leading to logical conclusions 
C)  Using perceptions of others to imagine how they might react to a situation 
D)  Studying natural neural processes to better understand processes like category learning

Question 16

When a person is described as both "mean" and "funny," which of the following would best fit with the configural model of person perception?

Accepted Answer

A)  The combination of a positive trait and a negative trait lead to an overall neutral impression 
B)  The perceiver re-interprets "funny" as a caustic or sarcastic humor, making the traits fit well together into a single impression 
C)  The negative-warmth characteristic of "mean" carries more weight, overshadowing any other descriptions 
D)  The high-warmth characteristic of "funny" carries more weight, overshadowing any other descriptions 
A)  The combination of a positive trait and a negative trait lead to an overall neutral impression 
B)  The perceiver re-interprets "funny" as a caustic or sarcastic humor, making the traits fit well together into a single impression 
C)  The negative-warmth characteristic of "mean" carries more weight, overshadowing any other descriptions 
D)  The high-warmth characteristic of "funny" carries more weight, overshadowing any other descriptions

Question 17

What describes the process of perceiving an entity as heaving intentions and personality?

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychological field 
B)  Theory of mind 
C)  Attribution theory 
D)  Both B and C 
A)  Psychological field 
B)  Theory of mind 
C)  Attribution theory 
D)  Both B and C

Question 18

Of the following, which has been shown to be the best model of impression formation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The algebraic model 
B)  The configural model 
C)  Neither the algebraic nor configural model 
D)  Both the algebraic and configural models 
A)  The algebraic model 
B)  The configural model 
C)  Neither the algebraic nor configural model 
D)  Both the algebraic and configural models

Question 19

What is meant by "mental chemistry," according to the British elemental tradition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mental concepts are "elements," which can be "bonded" to other concepts through typically repeated) associations 
B)  Different concepts have different properties, and can create entirely new concepts when added together 
C)  Cognition can result in combinations of thoughts which trigger other cognitions, like a chemical chain reaction 
D)  Associating one concept with another typically happens instantly and powerfully, like a chemical bond 
A)  Mental concepts are "elements," which can be "bonded" to other concepts through typically repeated) associations 
B)  Different concepts have different properties, and can create entirely new concepts when added together 
C)  Cognition can result in combinations of thoughts which trigger other cognitions, like a chemical chain reaction 
D)  Associating one concept with another typically happens instantly and powerfully, like a chemical bond

Question 20

One recent shift in attitude research and in social psychology has been away from _______ approaches and toward examinations of _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  Outcome-oriented, process 
B)  Process-oriented, process 
C)  Experimental, longitudinal studies 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Outcome-oriented, process 
B)  Process-oriented, process 
C)  Experimental, longitudinal studies 
D)  None of the above

Exam 1: Section 1 : Introduction

Which of the following researchers emphasized human behavior as a result of the dynamic equilibrium among multiple, often-conflicting psychological forces?

In the early 20th century, the first laboratory psychologists began conducting research. Which of the following best describes their methods?

The configural model is an example of what approach to the study of social cognition?

The most recent social cognitive neuroscience techniques relies on what tool?

Which of the following best describes a way in which Gestalt psychology influences the research of Kurt Lewin?

What was one of the primary reasons the study of introspection fell out of favor with researchers?

"People sometimes prioritize efficiency over accuracy in mental processing because they are limited in their capacity to process information." This statement best characterizes which of the following models of cognition?

What striking social cognitive difference in cultures has cognitive implications ranging from self-definition, to self-esteem, to life tasks, to the role of others?

Which of the following best describes "naïve psychology"?

What two Gestalt ideas that Kurt Lewin import into social and ultimately cognitive psychology?

The medial prefrontal cortex is most closely associated with which of the following?

Which social neuroscience technique can only detect approximate spatial locations, but precise temporal locations?

According to the elemental view of social cognition, what allows ideas to develop from association through simple contiguity to mental compounds?

Dissonance theory is an example of what kind of view of the thinker in social psychology?

Which of the following best characterizes cognition within the naïve scientist model?

When a person is described as both "mean" and "funny," which of the following would best fit with the configural model of person perception?

What describes the process of perceiving an entity as heaving intentions and personality?

Of the following, which has been shown to be the best model of impression formation?

What is meant by "mental chemistry," according to the British elemental tradition?

One recent shift in attitude research and in social psychology has been away from _______ approaches and toward examinations of _______.

Section 2: Introduction

Section 1 : Dual Modes in Social Cognition

Section 2: Dual Modes in Social Cognition

Section 1 : Attention and Encoding

Section 2: Attention and Encoding

Section 1 : Representation in Memory

Section 2: Representation in Memory

Section 1 : Self in Social Cognition

Section 2: Self in Social Cognition

Section 1 : Attribution Processes

Section 2: Attribution Processes

Section 1 : Heuristics and Shortcuts: Efficiency in Inference and Decision Making

Section 2: Heuristics and Shortcuts: Efficiency in Inference and Decision Making

Section 1 : Accuracy and Efficiency in Social Interference

Section 2: Accuracy and Efficiency in Social Interference

Section 1 : Cognitive Structures of Attitudes

Section 2: Cognitive Structures of Attitudes

Section 1 : Cognitive Processing of Attitudes

Section 2: Cognitive Processing of Attitudes

Section 1 : Stereotyping: Cognition and Bias

Section 2: Stereotyping: Cognition and Bias

Section 1 : Prejudice: Interplay of Cognitive and Affective Biases

Section 2: Prejudice: Interplay of Cognitive and Affective Biases

Section 1 : From Social Cognition to Affect

Section 2: From Social Cognition to Affect

Section 1 : From Affect to Social Cognition

Section 2: From Affect to Social Cognition

Section 1 : Behaviour and Cognition

Section 2: Behaviour and Cognition

Filters

One recent shift in attitude research and in social psychology has been away from _ approaches and toward examinations of _.