Question 1

Which of the following is not a top-down sensory motor representation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conception 
B)  Imagery 
C)  Priming 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Conception 
B)  Imagery 
C)  Priming 
D)  None of the above C

Question 2

You ask a participant to hold a pencil in her teeth. Doing so, her face contorts slightly as her zygomaticus muscles contract. You then tell a joke that she finds truly hilarious, although your friends in the hallway didn't find it amusing. This is likely a result of which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Offline cognition 
B)  Sensory motor cognition 
C)  Embodied cognition 
D)  Simultaneous framing 
A)  Offline cognition 
B)  Sensory motor cognition 
C)  Embodied cognition 
D)  Simultaneous framing C

Question 3

An emphasis on the disproportionate influence of first impressions is best described by which model?

Accepted Answer

A)  Srull-Wyer Person Memory Model 
B)  Asch-Goethals Primacy Processing Model 
C)  Hastie's Model of Person Memory 
D)  Marques-Hamilton Twofold Retrieval by Associative Pathways Model 
A)  Srull-Wyer Person Memory Model 
B)  Asch-Goethals Primacy Processing Model 
C)  Hastie's Model of Person Memory 
D)  Marques-Hamilton Twofold Retrieval by Associative Pathways Model A

Question 4

Which of the following best describes what is meant by a "fuzzy set"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Categories do not always have necessary and sufficient attributes for drawing distinctions between them 
B)  Some categories are closely linked with other, similar categories 
C)  Within the boundaries of a category, some items may be so similar as to be indistinguishable from each other 
D)  Items sharing a number of similarities with other items can be difficult to quickly identify 
A)  Categories do not always have necessary and sufficient attributes for drawing distinctions between them 
B)  Some categories are closely linked with other, similar categories 
C)  Within the boundaries of a category, some items may be so similar as to be indistinguishable from each other 
D)  Items sharing a number of similarities with other items can be difficult to quickly identify

Question 5

Which of the following best describes part of the so-called "inconsistency advantage"?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is predicted by an associative network model also known as PM-1, developed by Hastie, which has been shown to work as a computer simulation 
B)  An item held longer in working memory forges more associative links, and items most relevant to a current impression judgment stay longer in working memory 
C)  Items that require additional time to process and resolve with other aspects of the impression spend more time in working memory 
D)  All of the above 
A)  It is predicted by an associative network model also known as PM-1, developed by Hastie, which has been shown to work as a computer simulation 
B)  An item held longer in working memory forges more associative links, and items most relevant to a current impression judgment stay longer in working memory 
C)  Items that require additional time to process and resolve with other aspects of the impression spend more time in working memory 
D)  All of the above

Question 6

Which of the following best describes a "false alarm" in memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Facilitated recall of expectancy-inconsistent information 
B)  Inferring additional information after presentation of a mental prototype 
C)  Categorizing an item with similar features as included in an incorrect category 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Facilitated recall of expectancy-inconsistent information 
B)  Inferring additional information after presentation of a mental prototype 
C)  Categorizing an item with similar features as included in an incorrect category 
D)  None of the above

Question 7

Which of the following functions as a computer simulation model of impression formation processes, positing that incoming information is considered at once and that elementary units are connected with facilitative and inhibitory links?

Accepted Answer

A)  Connectionist models 
B)  Tensor-product model 
C)  Parallel constraint satisfaction model 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Connectionist models 
B)  Tensor-product model 
C)  Parallel constraint satisfaction model 
D)  All of the above

Question 8

A vivid memory of your sixth birthday party would be best described as an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Semantic memory 
B)  Episodic memory 
C)  Procedural memory 
D)  Declarative memory 
A)  Semantic memory 
B)  Episodic memory 
C)  Procedural memory 
D)  Declarative memory

Question 9

Rehearsing something in your mind - such as testimony, or a list of vocabulary words - is likely to improve your memory of the topics. Which of the following would best describe the mechanism of this effect, according to the associative memory models?

Accepted Answer

A)  A memory proposition is better encoded in memory by being held in conscious attention 
B)  Activating the nodes at the same time strengthens the memory link between them 
C)  Increased retrieval routes allow the memories to be more efficiently recalled 
D)  Holding a large number of concepts together in working memory enables more efficient associations between them 
A)  A memory proposition is better encoded in memory by being held in conscious attention 
B)  Activating the nodes at the same time strengthens the memory link between them 
C)  Increased retrieval routes allow the memories to be more efficiently recalled 
D)  Holding a large number of concepts together in working memory enables more efficient associations between them

Question 10

When making a categorical judgment, people are most likely to use which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mental prototypes 
B)  Memories of concrete exemplars 
C)  Automatic mental associations 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Mental prototypes 
B)  Memories of concrete exemplars 
C)  Automatic mental associations 
D)  All of the above

Question 11

What cognitive scientists) models) predicted an inconsistency advantage in memory, specifically that extra attention is paid to impression-inconsistent material, resulting in extra associative linkages, increased alternate retrieval paths, and higher probability of recall?

Accepted Answer

A)  Srull & Wyer Person Memory Model 
B)  Hastie Person memory Model 
C)  Marques-Hamilton Twofold Retrieval by Associative Pathways TRAP) Model 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Srull & Wyer Person Memory Model 
B)  Hastie Person memory Model 
C)  Marques-Hamilton Twofold Retrieval by Associative Pathways TRAP) Model 
D)  All of the above

Question 12

Which of the following adds other modalities most notably affect and action) to the traditional associative memory models' primary focus on cognitive modalities?

Accepted Answer

A)  Marques-Hamilton Twofold Retrieval by Associative Pathways TRAP) model 
B)  Carlston Associative System Theory 
C)  Srull-Wyer Person Memory Model 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Marques-Hamilton Twofold Retrieval by Associative Pathways TRAP) model 
B)  Carlston Associative System Theory 
C)  Srull-Wyer Person Memory Model 
D)  None of the above

Question 13

Which of the following best describes people's usage of social categories?

Accepted Answer

A)  People tend to rely predominantly on intermediate levels of categories that contain both general qualities and specific information 
B)  Social categories are organized hierarchically, with general, broad categories being more inclusive and therefore higher in the hierarchy) 
C)  Conscious activation of a particular category can depend on an individual's goals or motives 
D)  None of the above 
A)  People tend to rely predominantly on intermediate levels of categories that contain both general qualities and specific information 
B)  Social categories are organized hierarchically, with general, broad categories being more inclusive and therefore higher in the hierarchy) 
C)  Conscious activation of a particular category can depend on an individual's goals or motives 
D)  None of the above

Question 14

The condition "if a stop sign turns red" and the action "stop the car" is an example of a production, represented as part of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Procedural memory 
B)  Episodic Memory 
C)  Semantic Memory 
D)  Declarative memory 
A)  Procedural memory 
B)  Episodic Memory 
C)  Semantic Memory 
D)  Declarative memory

Question 15

According to associative models, the conscious part of long-term memory is considered ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Working memory 
B)  Short-term memory 
C)  Intermediate memory 
D)  Both A and B 
A)  Working memory 
B)  Short-term memory 
C)  Intermediate memory 
D)  Both A and B

Question 16

Which of the following situations is likely to lead to the automatic use of exemplars?

Accepted Answer

A)  When cognitive capacity is strained 
B)  When cognitive capacity is not strained 
C)  When the concept being considered is simple 
D)  None of the above 
A)  When cognitive capacity is strained 
B)  When cognitive capacity is not strained 
C)  When the concept being considered is simple 
D)  None of the above

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the "associative network approach"?

Accepted Answer

A)  When there exist more links from other concepts to a particular concept in memory, it is easier to remember that one because it can be accessed through a number of routes 
B)  A proposition, consisting of nodes and representative models, enables associative constructs that can delay retrieval of specific information through conflicting paths 
C)  Associative features serve to strengthen the links between long-term memories and the short-term activations associated with them 
D)  When too many associations are linked to any given concept or memory node, processing speed is diminished as neurons may produce conflicting signals 
A)  When there exist more links from other concepts to a particular concept in memory, it is easier to remember that one because it can be accessed through a number of routes 
B)  A proposition, consisting of nodes and representative models, enables associative constructs that can delay retrieval of specific information through conflicting paths 
C)  Associative features serve to strengthen the links between long-term memories and the short-term activations associated with them 
D)  When too many associations are linked to any given concept or memory node, processing speed is diminished as neurons may produce conflicting signals

Question 18

Which of the following is an advantage of the exemplar view as opposed to the prototype view?

Accepted Answer

A)  Exemplars have the ability to account for correlations of attributes within a category 
B)  Exemplars provide a simple way to model variability across category members 
C)  The exemplar view most directly accounts for knowledge of specific examples that guide one's understanding of a category 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Exemplars have the ability to account for correlations of attributes within a category 
B)  Exemplars provide a simple way to model variability across category members 
C)  The exemplar view most directly accounts for knowledge of specific examples that guide one's understanding of a category 
D)  All of the above

Question 19

Categorical person perception could best be described as an example of which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conceptually-driven 
B)  Stimulus-driven 
C)  Data-driven 
D)  Bottom-up 
A)  Conceptually-driven 
B)  Stimulus-driven 
C)  Data-driven 
D)  Bottom-up

Question 20

With regards to category members, which of the following best describes what is meant by "family resemblance"?

Accepted Answer

A)  All members of the category will appear similar to each other 
B)  Two category members will share some features with each other, but other features with other category members 
C)  Category members may not always appear superficially similar, but have an underlying structural similarity 
D)  The internal structure of categories can be fluid and difficult to define 
A)  All members of the category will appear similar to each other 
B)  Two category members will share some features with each other, but other features with other category members 
C)  Category members may not always appear superficially similar, but have an underlying structural similarity 
D)  The internal structure of categories can be fluid and difficult to define

Exam 4: Section 1 : Representation in Memory

Which of the following is not a top-down sensory motor representation?

An emphasis on the disproportionate influence of first impressions is best described by which model?

Which of the following best describes what is meant by a "fuzzy set"?

Which of the following best describes part of the so-called "inconsistency advantage"?

Which of the following best describes a "false alarm" in memory?

Which of the following functions as a computer simulation model of impression formation processes, positing that incoming information is considered at once and that elementary units are connected with facilitative and inhibitory links?

A vivid memory of your sixth birthday party would be best described as an example of which of the following?

Rehearsing something in your mind - such as testimony, or a list of vocabulary words - is likely to improve your memory of the topics. Which of the following would best describe the mechanism of this effect, according to the associative memory models?

When making a categorical judgment, people are most likely to use which of the following?

What cognitive scientists) models) predicted an inconsistency advantage in memory, specifically that extra attention is paid to impression-inconsistent material, resulting in extra associative linkages, increased alternate retrieval paths, and higher probability of recall?

Which of the following adds other modalities most notably affect and action) to the traditional associative memory models' primary focus on cognitive modalities?

Which of the following best describes people's usage of social categories?

The condition "if a stop sign turns red" and the action "stop the car" is an example of a production, represented as part of which of the following?

According to associative models, the conscious part of long-term memory is considered ___________.

Which of the following situations is likely to lead to the automatic use of exemplars?

Which of the following best describes the "associative network approach"?

Which of the following is an advantage of the exemplar view as opposed to the prototype view?

Categorical person perception could best be described as an example of which of the following processes?

With regards to category members, which of the following best describes what is meant by "family resemblance"?

Section 1 : Introduction

Section 2: Introduction

Section 1 : Dual Modes in Social Cognition

Section 2: Dual Modes in Social Cognition

Section 1 : Attention and Encoding

Section 2: Attention and Encoding

Section 2: Representation in Memory

Section 1 : Self in Social Cognition

Section 2: Self in Social Cognition

Section 1 : Attribution Processes

Section 2: Attribution Processes

Section 1 : Heuristics and Shortcuts: Efficiency in Inference and Decision Making

Section 2: Heuristics and Shortcuts: Efficiency in Inference and Decision Making

Section 1 : Accuracy and Efficiency in Social Interference

Section 2: Accuracy and Efficiency in Social Interference

Section 1 : Cognitive Structures of Attitudes

Section 2: Cognitive Structures of Attitudes

Section 1 : Cognitive Processing of Attitudes

Section 2: Cognitive Processing of Attitudes

Section 1 : Stereotyping: Cognition and Bias

Section 2: Stereotyping: Cognition and Bias

Section 1 : Prejudice: Interplay of Cognitive and Affective Biases

Section 2: Prejudice: Interplay of Cognitive and Affective Biases

Section 1 : From Social Cognition to Affect

Section 2: From Social Cognition to Affect

Section 1 : From Affect to Social Cognition

Section 2: From Affect to Social Cognition

Section 1 : Behaviour and Cognition

Section 2: Behaviour and Cognition

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