Chat with AIExam 10: Section 2: Cognitive Processing of Attitudes
Briefly describe the difference between systematic processing and heuristic processing. Give examples of factors that increase engagement in the two different types of processing.
(23) 
Verifieda. Systematic: thoughtful processing of attitude-relevant information, includes evaluation of pros/cons of an argument.
i. Factors that increase: anything that tends to increase motivation high relevance, important consequences, personal responsibility, disagreement with majority).
b. Heuristic: rapid, easy shortcuts to avoid effortful processing of actual message content.
i. Factors that increase: reduction of cognitive capacity.
Briefly describe the IAT. What is the basic task? What does it measure? What are the implications? Mention some criticisms of the task, and also some responses to those criticisms.
(38) Verifieda. Participants must quickly associate concepts usually positive and negative) with two groups usually blacks and whites), by striking keys on a keyboard. People are generally quicker to associate an ingroup with positive/outgroup with negative than ingroup with negative/outgroup with positive.
b. Criticisms: measures associations, not necessarily endorsement of them can be knowledgeable about a stereotype but not necessarily agree with it); is it really implicit if its scores can be contextually manipulated?
c. Predictive validity for behaviors, physiological measures, judgments.
What does it mean for an attitude to be "accessible?" What are some of the consequences good or bad) of an attitude being more accessible? Provide an example.
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Answered by Examlex AI CopilotAn attitude is considered "accessible" when it is easily brought to mind and readily available for use in making judgments and decisions. This means that the attitude is more likely to influence our thoughts and behaviors in a given situation.
There are both positive and negative consequences of an attitude being more accessible. On the positive side, having accessible attitudes can lead to more efficient decision-making and quicker responses to situations. It can also lead to more consistent behavior, as the attitude is more likely to be activated in relevant situations. For example, if someone has a strong and accessible attitude towards environmental conservation, they are more likely to consistently engage in eco-friendly behaviors.
On the negative side, having accessible attitudes can lead to biased decision-making and stereotyping. If a person has a negative and accessible attitude towards a certain group of people, they may be more likely to make unfair judgments or discriminatory actions towards them. For example, if someone has an accessible negative attitude towards a certain race, they may be more likely to make biased hiring decisions or engage in discriminatory behavior towards individuals of that race.
In conclusion, the accessibility of attitudes can have significant impacts on our thoughts and behaviors. While accessible attitudes can lead to more efficient decision-making and consistent behavior, they can also lead to biased and discriminatory actions. It is important to be aware of the accessibility of our attitudes and strive to cultivate more open-minded and inclusive attitudes.
What are some of the factors that would make an argument maximally persuasive? Describe at least four.
(33) Describe Chaiken's heuristic-systematic model and how it relates to information processing. What are some factors that influence people's information processing, and in what direction is that influence?
(37) Describe McGuire's "chain of cognitive responses." How does it fit with the study of social cognition?
(44) Several characteristics about a person, namely their levels of need for cognition, uncertainty orientation, and need to evaluate, affect how likely they are to be persuaded in different ways. These characteristics sound similar, but there are important differences between them. Please comment on their similarities and differences.
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