Exam 3: Perception and Learning: Understanding and Adapting to the Work Environment

Suppose you observe your neighbor running away from a dog who comes into your backyard during a picnic. You've seen him run away from dogs before, and you've seen him run away from all dogs. Also, you don't see anyone else run away from this dog. You would say that he ran away from this dog because ________, which is an example of an ________ attribution.

Perceptual biases in performance appraisal can be caused by:

Observational learning occurs when one person acquires new information or behaviors:

Table 3.3 Tony manages a small group of customer service representatives and is responsible for all their training. His coaching style is to catch people doing this right, then offer praise and small rewards for proper performance. When Tony works with the customer service representatives who handle customer correspondence, he pays random surprise visits to each representative to encourage, coach, and correct behavior. He believes this keeps the representatives on their toes. With his customer service representatives who handle phone calls, Tony drops in on each one after they have taken between 50-100 calls. He's able to monitor their call rate from his computer terminal. -Refer to Table 3.3. Tony's learning philosophy is an example of:

The Pygmalion effect is simply the self-fulfilling prophecy in its positive form.

Table 3.2 William and Malcolm are interviewing high school students for jobs at a newly opened fast food restaurant. William knows his first interviewee; he coached him on the local community softball team. William doesn't expect the interview to go well or to hire the young man because he wasn't very open to advice when he was coached. Malcolm's first candidate is late and runs up disheveled and out of breath. Malcolm assumes the young man had difficulty on his way to the interview and gives him time to calm down and improve his appearance. Several hours into the process William is interviewing his 20th candidate, Jane. When she sits down she drops into her seat, folds her arms, and pinches her lips together. She's wearing a T-shirt with the image and name of a local heavy metal band on it. William prepares himself for a hostile and unfriendly interview but is surprised that after the first couple of questions Jane turns out to be quite polite and friendly. Malcolm's last candidate is friendly, has similar interests to Malcolm and knows several of the people Malcolm knows in the community. Malcolm comments to William as they are picking up their files, "That kid reminds me of me when I was 17." -Refer to Table 3.2. William is demonstrating which perceptual bias error with his first interviewee?

Table 3.4 Ted is designing a training program for his company's sales force. His training program must permit quick learning with maximum retention. He has built an interactive computer simulation for sales representatives to practice their sales skills. To evaluate the results of the training,Ted has the sales representatives evaluate themselves, their managers evaluate them, and their peers evaluate them. -Refer to Table 3.4. The interactive computer simulation incorporates what principle of effective training best?

Police recruits whose instructors expected them to perform poorly in their training class did, in fact, perform worse than those about whom instructors had no advance expectations. The performance of the recruits could be attributed to:

Research shows that the performance appraisal process used to be subject to bias, but now due to diversity training and cultural awareness programs, almost all bias has been eliminated.

Apprenticeship programs combine classroom training and on-the-job training.

Prior to the start of the semester, Dr. Blankenship was told that three of her students, in particular, had high potential for success. While those three students had, in fact, been only average students in the past, they ended up scoring very high on exams. The performance of the students could be the result of:

Claiming responsibility for successful events is best known as:

For learning to take place there must be a relatively permanent change in behavior as a consequence of the corresponding experience.

In Japan, an overall evaluation of performance effectiveness is usually given:

Research on impression management shows that:

When Fred claimed that his national award not only helped him but also helped his department and his company, he was using a technique known as:

Research has shown that when supervisors rate their subordinates, the more similar the subordinate is to them, the higher the rating the superior tends to give. This is an example of the perceptual bias of:

People learn and retain skills longer when they:

To be effective, organizational discipline should:

A feedback process that uses multiple sources from around the organization to evaluate one person is: