Question 1

Negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses

Accepted Answer

A)  have only a few genes, including one that allows them to make mRNA from their genome. 
B)  are responsible for causing plant diseases and are referred to as mosaic viruses. 
C)  regenerate themselves by reverse transcription. 
D)  are polyphyletic and include some that have more than a million base pairs. 
E)  have distinct lipids in their plasma membranes. 
A)  have only a few genes, including one that allows them to make mRNA from their genome. 
B)  are responsible for causing plant diseases and are referred to as mosaic viruses. 
C)  regenerate themselves by reverse transcription. 
D)  are polyphyletic and include some that have more than a million base pairs. 
E)  have distinct lipids in their plasma membranes.

Question 2

Methane gas contributes to the greenhouse effect that is raising atmospheric temperatures. A large portion of all methane emission is from grazing cattle because cows harbor methane-producing archaea from the _______ group.

Accepted Answer

A)  Crenarchaeota 
B)  Euryarchaeota 
C)  Anarchaeota 
D)  Proteobacteria 
E)  Nanoarchaeota 
A)  Crenarchaeota 
B)  Euryarchaeota 
C)  Anarchaeota 
D)  Proteobacteria 
E)  Nanoarchaeota

Question 3

The domains of life are

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. 
B)  Bacteria, Fungi, Plants, and Animals. 
C)  Bacteria, Protists, Fungi, Plants, and Animals. 
D)  Plants and Animals. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. 
B)  Bacteria, Fungi, Plants, and Animals. 
C)  Bacteria, Protists, Fungi, Plants, and Animals. 
D)  Plants and Animals. 
E)  None of the above

Question 4

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the following descriptions of groups of bacteria with their names from the list below.
-These bacteria photosynthesize using chlorophyll a, are a homogeneous grouping with similar rRNA sequences, and contain photosynthetic lamellae.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cyanobacteria 
B)  Spirochetes 
C)  Chlamydia 
D)  Gram-negative rods 
E)  Actinobacteria
F) Mycoplasmas 
A)  Cyanobacteria 
B)  Spirochetes 
C)  Chlamydia 
D)  Gram-negative rods 
E)  Actinobacteria
F) Mycoplasmas

Question 5

Which of the following is not a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  A membrane-enclosed nucleus 
B)  A photosynthetic membrane system 
C)  Peptidoglycan 
D)  Circular DNA 
E)  Membrane-enclosed organelles 
A)  A membrane-enclosed nucleus 
B)  A photosynthetic membrane system 
C)  Peptidoglycan 
D)  Circular DNA 
E)  Membrane-enclosed organelles

Question 6

_______ is the ability of a bacterial pathogen to produce chemical substances injurious to the tissues of the host.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ is the ability of a bacterial...

Question 7

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the following descriptions of groups of bacteria with their names from the list below.
-These Gram-positive bacteria form mycelia-like chains of cells. They include those bacteria that cause tuberculosis and those that produce streptomycin. Most antibiotics come from bacteria in this group.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cyanobacteria 
B)  Spirochetes 
C)  Chlamydia 
D)  Gram-negative rods 
E)  Actinobacteria
F) Mycoplasmas 
A)  Cyanobacteria 
B)  Spirochetes 
C)  Chlamydia 
D)  Gram-negative rods 
E)  Actinobacteria
F) Mycoplasmas

Question 8

Which of the following characteristics is unique to prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lack of membrane-enclosed organelles 
B)  Presence of cell walls 
C)  Presence of plasma membranes 
D)  Presence of a cytoskeleton 
E)  Absence of ribosomes 
A)  Lack of membrane-enclosed organelles 
B)  Presence of cell walls 
C)  Presence of plasma membranes 
D)  Presence of a cytoskeleton 
E)  Absence of ribosomes

Question 9

Genes that are likely to undergo lateral transfer are those that

Accepted Answer

A)  are involved in antibiotic resistance. 
B)  confer a fitness advantage to the recipient. 
C)  are highly conserved and involved in DNA replication. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  Both b and c 
A)  are involved in antibiotic resistance. 
B)  confer a fitness advantage to the recipient. 
C)  are highly conserved and involved in DNA replication. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  Both b and c

Question 10

The important bacterium Escherichia coli has a _______ shape and a Gram-_______ stain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The important bacterium Escherichia coli has a...

Question 11

Using techniques from microfluidic engineering, biologists can monitor the dynamics of extremely small bacterial populations and biofilm production. Under what applications might this technology prove beneficial, as well as practical?

Accepted Answer

A)  Monitoring the buildup of biofilms the outflow pipes from sewage treatment plants 
B)  Monitoring the buildup of dental plaque on the bristles of a person's toothbrush 
C)  Monitoring the buildup of biofilms on contact lenses or artificial joints 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Monitoring the buildup of biofilms the outflow pipes from sewage treatment plants 
B)  Monitoring the buildup of dental plaque on the bristles of a person's toothbrush 
C)  Monitoring the buildup of biofilms on contact lenses or artificial joints 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  All of the above

Question 12

Gram-_______ bacteria usually have a _______ peptidoglycan layer and an outer _______.

Accepted Answer

negative;

Question 13

Gram-negative bacteria

Accepted Answer

A)  appear blue to purple following Gram staining. 
B)  appear pink to red following Gram staining. 
C)  are all either bacilli or cocci. 
D)  contain no peptidoglycan in their cell walls. 
E)  are all photosynthetic. 
A)  appear blue to purple following Gram staining. 
B)  appear pink to red following Gram staining. 
C)  are all either bacilli or cocci. 
D)  contain no peptidoglycan in their cell walls. 
E)  are all photosynthetic.

Question 14

Which of the following characteristics or components is (are) distinctive to archaea?

Accepted Answer

A)  Unique genes not found in other domains 
B)  Branched, long-chain hydrocarbons 
C)  A lack of peptidoglycan 
D)  Lipids with glycerol-ether linkages 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Unique genes not found in other domains 
B)  Branched, long-chain hydrocarbons 
C)  A lack of peptidoglycan 
D)  Lipids with glycerol-ether linkages 
E)  All of the above

Question 15

Human diseases can be caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  all viral types. 
B)  only DNA viruses. 
C)  only RNA viruses. 
D)  only RNA retroviruses. 
E)  only single-stranded viruses. 
A)  all viral types. 
B)  only DNA viruses. 
C)  only RNA viruses. 
D)  only RNA retroviruses. 
E)  only single-stranded viruses.

Question 16

Chlamydias

Accepted Answer

A)  are among the smallest archaea. 
B)  live on the surface of human skin. 
C)  are never pathogenic to humans. 
D)  live only as parasites in the cells of other organisms. 
E)  have a very simple life cycle. 
A)  are among the smallest archaea. 
B)  live on the surface of human skin. 
C)  are never pathogenic to humans. 
D)  live only as parasites in the cells of other organisms. 
E)  have a very simple life cycle.

Question 17

Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, belongs to the group of bacteria known as the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis,...

Question 18

Which of the following is not a reason that ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is useful for studying the evolutionary relationships among living organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  rRNA undergoes a high degree of lateral transfer. 
B)  No free living organism lacks rRNA. 
C)  rRNA plays a critical role in the translation process in all organisms. 
D)  rRNA evolves slowly, so it can be analyzed across a wide range of organisms. 
E)  rRNA is evolutionarily ancient and was present in the common ancestor of all life forms. 
A)  rRNA undergoes a high degree of lateral transfer. 
B)  No free living organism lacks rRNA. 
C)  rRNA plays a critical role in the translation process in all organisms. 
D)  rRNA evolves slowly, so it can be analyzed across a wide range of organisms. 
E)  rRNA is evolutionarily ancient and was present in the common ancestor of all life forms.

Question 19

Bacteria unable to survive for extended periods in the absence of oxygen are termed _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bacteria unable to survive for extended periods...

Question 20

_______ are not cellular and must depend on cellular organisms for replication and metabolism.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ are not cellular and must depend...

Exam 26: Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

Negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses

Methane gas contributes to the greenhouse effect that is raising atmospheric temperatures. A large portion of all methane emission is from grazing cattle because cows harbor methane-producing archaea from the _______ group.

The domains of life are

Use the following to answer questions: Match the following descriptions of groups of bacteria with their names from the list below. -These bacteria photosynthesize using chlorophyll a, are a homogeneous grouping with similar rRNA sequences, and contain photosynthetic lamellae.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

_______ is the ability of a bacterial pathogen to produce chemical substances injurious to the tissues of the host.

Which of the following characteristics is unique to prokaryotes?

Genes that are likely to undergo lateral transfer are those that

The important bacterium Escherichia coli has a _______ shape and a Gram-_______ stain.

Using techniques from microfluidic engineering, biologists can monitor the dynamics of extremely small bacterial populations and biofilm production. Under what applications might this technology prove beneficial, as well as practical?

Gram-_______ bacteria usually have a _______ peptidoglycan layer and an outer _______.

Gram-negative bacteria

Which of the following characteristics or components is (are) distinctive to archaea?

Human diseases can be caused by

Chlamydias

Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, belongs to the group of bacteria known as the _______.

Which of the following is not a reason that ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is useful for studying the evolutionary relationships among living organisms?

Bacteria unable to survive for extended periods in the absence of oxygen are termed _______.

_______ are not cellular and must depend on cellular organisms for replication and metabolism.

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Development and Evolutionary Change

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

Animal Behavior

Ecology and the Distribution of Life

Population Ecology

Species Interaction and Coevolution

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Conservation Biology

Filters

The important bacterium Escherichia coli has a _ shape and a Gram-_ stain.

Gram-___ bacteria usually have a _ peptidoglycan layer and an outer _____.