Question 1

The size of the smallest bacterium is _______ $\mu$m.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.2 
B)  2 
C)  7.5 
D)  75 
E)  750 
A)  0.2 
B)  2 
C)  7.5 
D)  75 
E)  750

Question 2

Which of the following does not describe the biofilm found in the human large intestine?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a dangerous combination of different species of toxic bacteria. 
B)  It facilitates nutrient transfer from the intestine to the body. 
C)  It is essential for our health. 
D)  Its exact species makeup varies from region to region. 
E)  Humans get vitamins B12 and K from the bacterial waste products. 
A)  It is a dangerous combination of different species of toxic bacteria. 
B)  It facilitates nutrient transfer from the intestine to the body. 
C)  It is essential for our health. 
D)  Its exact species makeup varies from region to region. 
E)  Humans get vitamins B12 and K from the bacterial waste products.

Question 3

Archaea

Accepted Answer

A)  have cytoskeletons. 
B)  have distinctive lipids in their plasma membranes. 
C)  survive only at moderate temperatures and near neutrality. 
D)  all produce methane. 
E)  have substantial amounts of peptidoglycan in their cell walls. 
A)  have cytoskeletons. 
B)  have distinctive lipids in their plasma membranes. 
C)  survive only at moderate temperatures and near neutrality. 
D)  all produce methane. 
E)  have substantial amounts of peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

Question 4

Eukarya are evolutionarily closer to _______ than they are to Bacteria.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Eukarya are evolutionarily closer to _______ than...

Question 5

Archaea are more closely related to _______ than to any other monophyletic group.

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteria 
B)  eukaryotes 
C)  bacteria and eukaryotes 
D)  fungi 
E)  protists 
A)  bacteria 
B)  eukaryotes 
C)  bacteria and eukaryotes 
D)  fungi 
E)  protists

Question 6

Cattle depend on prokaryotes to perform important steps in digestion of plant material, such as generating the enzyme

Accepted Answer

A)  amylase. 
B)  cellulase. 
C)  kinase. 
D)  telomerase. 
E)  glyoxalase. 
A)  amylase. 
B)  cellulase. 
C)  kinase. 
D)  telomerase. 
E)  glyoxalase.

Question 7

Which of the following statements regarding the suitability of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) nucleotide sequences for phylogenetic analysis of prokaryotes is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is suitable because rRNA is present in all free-living organisms. 
B)  It is suitable because rRNA performs the same function in all organisms. 
C)  It is suitable because rRNA has evolved relatively slowly. 
D)  It is suitable because rRNA is relatively recent on the evolutionary time scale. 
E)  It is suitable because rRNA is ancient on the evolutionary time scale. 
A)  It is suitable because rRNA is present in all free-living organisms. 
B)  It is suitable because rRNA performs the same function in all organisms. 
C)  It is suitable because rRNA has evolved relatively slowly. 
D)  It is suitable because rRNA is relatively recent on the evolutionary time scale. 
E)  It is suitable because rRNA is ancient on the evolutionary time scale.

Question 8

Which of the following groups of bacteria has the highest proportion of pathogens?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proteobacteria 
B)  Cyanobacteria 
C)  Chlamydias 
D)  High-GC Gram-positives 
E)  Low-GC Gram-positives 
A)  Proteobacteria 
B)  Cyanobacteria 
C)  Chlamydias 
D)  High-GC Gram-positives 
E)  Low-GC Gram-positives

Question 9

Which statement about archaeal genomes is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are typically organized in a circular chromosome, like bacterial genomes. 
B)  They include no rRNA genes. 
C)  They are always much smaller than bacterial genomes. 
D)  They are housed in the nucleus of the archaeal cell. 
E)  No archaeal genome has yet been sequenced. 
A)  They are typically organized in a circular chromosome, like bacterial genomes. 
B)  They include no rRNA genes. 
C)  They are always much smaller than bacterial genomes. 
D)  They are housed in the nucleus of the archaeal cell. 
E)  No archaeal genome has yet been sequenced.

Question 10

Bacteria are known for the many roles they play in biological communities. Which of the following is the rarest role for this group of organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pathogen 
B)  Digestive aid 
C)  Nitrogen and sulfur processor in soils 
D)  Decomposer 
E)  Industry and agricultural use 
A)  Pathogen 
B)  Digestive aid 
C)  Nitrogen and sulfur processor in soils 
D)  Decomposer 
E)  Industry and agricultural use

Question 11

Chlamydias

Accepted Answer

A)  can form heterocysts. 
B)  form a branched, filamentous mycelium. 
C)  contain less DNA than any other organism. 
D)  can live only within the cells of other organisms. 
E)  were once classified as fungi. 
A)  can form heterocysts. 
B)  form a branched, filamentous mycelium. 
C)  contain less DNA than any other organism. 
D)  can live only within the cells of other organisms. 
E)  were once classified as fungi.

Question 12

As a U.S. Department of Agriculture field representative, you counsel a young farmer to plant alfalfa in fields with soils that have low nitrogen levels. You know alfalfa roots are hosts for nitrogen-fixing bacteria. How will the alfalfa and its associated bacteria help "fertilize" this farmer's soil?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria can convert atm

Question 13

Which of the following is not one of Koch's postulates?

Accepted Answer

A)  The introduction of the microorganism to a new, healthy host causes the same disease that existed in the original host. 
B)  The microorganism is always found in the person with the disease. 
C)  after the microorganism is introduced into a healthy host who gets the disease, the same microorganism can be isolated from this patient. 
D)  The microorganism is susceptible to antibiotic treatment. 
E)  The microorganism can be isolated from an infected individual and grown in culture. 
A)  The introduction of the microorganism to a new, healthy host causes the same disease that existed in the original host. 
B)  The microorganism is always found in the person with the disease. 
C)  after the microorganism is introduced into a healthy host who gets the disease, the same microorganism can be isolated from this patient. 
D)  The microorganism is susceptible to antibiotic treatment. 
E)  The microorganism can be isolated from an infected individual and grown in culture.

Question 14

Gram-negative bacteria stain pink because

Accepted Answer

A)  they have specialized lipids in their cell walls. 
B)  their peptidoglycan layer is thin. 
C)  their peptidoglycan layer is thick. 
D)  they are receptive to antibiotics. 
E)  their cell walls are composed largely of proteins. 
A)  they have specialized lipids in their cell walls. 
B)  their peptidoglycan layer is thin. 
C)  their peptidoglycan layer is thick. 
D)  they are receptive to antibiotics. 
E)  their cell walls are composed largely of proteins.

Question 15

Positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses

Accepted Answer

A)  have only a few genes, including one that allows them to make mRNA from their genome. 
B)  are responsible for causing plant diseases and are referred to as mosaic viruses. 
C)  regenerate themselves by reverse transcription. 
D)  are polyphyletic and include some that have more than a million base pairs. 
E)  have distinct lipids in their plasma membranes. 
A)  have only a few genes, including one that allows them to make mRNA from their genome. 
B)  are responsible for causing plant diseases and are referred to as mosaic viruses. 
C)  regenerate themselves by reverse transcription. 
D)  are polyphyletic and include some that have more than a million base pairs. 
E)  have distinct lipids in their plasma membranes.

Question 16

Double-stranded RNA viruses

Accepted Answer

A)  have only a few genes, including one that allows them to make mRNA from their genome. 
B)  are responsible for causing plant diseases and are referred to as mosaic viruses. 
C)  regenerate themselves by reverse transcription. 
D)  are polyphyletic and include some that have more than a million base pairs. 
E)  have distinct lipids in their plasma membranes. 
A)  have only a few genes, including one that allows them to make mRNA from their genome. 
B)  are responsible for causing plant diseases and are referred to as mosaic viruses. 
C)  regenerate themselves by reverse transcription. 
D)  are polyphyletic and include some that have more than a million base pairs. 
E)  have distinct lipids in their plasma membranes.

Exam 26: Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The size of the smallest bacterium is _______ μ\muμ m.

Which of the following does not describe the biofilm found in the human large intestine?

Archaea

Eukarya are evolutionarily closer to _______ than they are to Bacteria.

Archaea are more closely related to _______ than to any other monophyletic group.

Cattle depend on prokaryotes to perform important steps in digestion of plant material, such as generating the enzyme

Which of the following statements regarding the suitability of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) nucleotide sequences for phylogenetic analysis of prokaryotes is false?

Which of the following groups of bacteria has the highest proportion of pathogens?

Which statement about archaeal genomes is true?

Bacteria are known for the many roles they play in biological communities. Which of the following is the rarest role for this group of organisms?

Chlamydias

Which of the following is not one of Koch's postulates?

Gram-negative bacteria stain pink because

Positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses

Double-stranded RNA viruses

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Development and Evolutionary Change

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

Animal Behavior

Ecology and the Distribution of Life

Population Ecology

Species Interaction and Coevolution

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Conservation Biology

Filters

The size of the smallest bacterium is _______ $\mu$ m.