Question 1

The closest monophyletic group(s) to the domain Bacteria is (are)

Accepted Answer

A)  Eukarya. 
B)  Eukarya and Archaea. 
C)  Archaea. 
D)  Bacteria and Eukarya. 
E)  Prokaryotes. 
A)  Eukarya. 
B)  Eukarya and Archaea. 
C)  Archaea. 
D)  Bacteria and Eukarya. 
E)  Prokaryotes.

Question 2

RNA retroviruses

Accepted Answer

A)  have only a few genes, including one that allows them to make mRNA from their genome. 
B)  are responsible for causing plant diseases and are referred to as mosaic viruses. 
C)  regenerate themselves by reverse transcription. 
D)  are polyphyletic and include some that have more than a million base pairs. 
E)  have distinct lipids in their plasma membranes. 
A)  have only a few genes, including one that allows them to make mRNA from their genome. 
B)  are responsible for causing plant diseases and are referred to as mosaic viruses. 
C)  regenerate themselves by reverse transcription. 
D)  are polyphyletic and include some that have more than a million base pairs. 
E)  have distinct lipids in their plasma membranes.

Question 3

Archaea is the closest sister group to the

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteria. 
B)  bacteria and eukaryotes. 
C)  eukaryotes. 
D)  prokaryotes. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  bacteria. 
B)  bacteria and eukaryotes. 
C)  eukaryotes. 
D)  prokaryotes. 
E)  None of the above

Question 4

Many Gram-negative bacteria have _______ composed of lipopolysaccharides that can cause fever and vomiting.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many Gram-negative bacteria have _______ composed of...

Question 5

An ecosystem based on chemolithotrophs exists 2,500 meters below the ocean surface near the Galápagos Islands. These archaea

Accepted Answer

A)  use light as energy and carbon dioxide for carbon. 
B)  use light as energy and get organic compounds from other organisms. 
C)  oxidize inorganic substances for energy and use carbon dioxide for carbon. 
D)  get both energy and carbon from organic compounds. 
E)  oxidize organic compounds for energy and use carbon dioxide for carbon. 
A)  use light as energy and carbon dioxide for carbon. 
B)  use light as energy and get organic compounds from other organisms. 
C)  oxidize inorganic substances for energy and use carbon dioxide for carbon. 
D)  get both energy and carbon from organic compounds. 
E)  oxidize organic compounds for energy and use carbon dioxide for carbon.

Question 6

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is an important bacterium that is especially useful for inserting genes into _______ hosts.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Agrobacterium tumefaciens is an important bacterium that...

Question 7

The chlorophyll of cyanobacteria is

Accepted Answer

A)  like that of plants. 
B)  distinct from the chlorophyll of plants. 
C)  bacteriochlorophyll. 
D)  bacteriorhodopsin. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  like that of plants. 
B)  distinct from the chlorophyll of plants. 
C)  bacteriochlorophyll. 
D)  bacteriorhodopsin. 
E)  None of the above

Question 8

Several human bacterial diseases, including tetanus, cholera, and bubonic plague are induced by soluble proteins called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Several human bacterial diseases, including tetanus, cholera,...

Question 9

The sequencing of rRNA allowed scientists to understand

Accepted Answer

A)  the clear relationships among different prokaryotic species. 
B)  that certain nucleic acid sequences are unique to archaea and eukarya. 
C)  that archaea are similar to bacteria. 
D)  that all DNA is relatively the same. 
E)  that half of the sequences of archaea were previously unknown. 
A)  the clear relationships among different prokaryotic species. 
B)  that certain nucleic acid sequences are unique to archaea and eukarya. 
C)  that archaea are similar to bacteria. 
D)  that all DNA is relatively the same. 
E)  that half of the sequences of archaea were previously unknown.

Question 10

Bioluminescence

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs only in prokaryotes. 
B)  has no known function in prokaryotes. 
C)  can be bright enough to be detected from space. 
D)  occurs only in ocean organisms. 
E)  does not require energy. 
A)  occurs only in prokaryotes. 
B)  has no known function in prokaryotes. 
C)  can be bright enough to be detected from space. 
D)  occurs only in ocean organisms. 
E)  does not require energy.

Question 11

The majority of bacteria are

Accepted Answer

A)  photoautotrophs. 
B)  photoheterotrophs. 
C)  chemolithotrophs. 
D)  chemoheterotrophs. 
E)  disease-causing. 
A)  photoautotrophs. 
B)  photoheterotrophs. 
C)  chemolithotrophs. 
D)  chemoheterotrophs. 
E)  disease-causing.

Question 12

The most abundant organisms on Earth are pro­karyotes, which fall into the kingdoms Archaea and _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most abundant organisms on Earth are...

Question 13

Which of the following is not a basic feature of a prokaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA 
B)  RNA 
C)  Enzymes for transcription and translation 
D)  A system for generating ATP 
E)  An immune system 
A)  DNA 
B)  RNA 
C)  Enzymes for transcription and translation 
D)  A system for generating ATP 
E)  An immune system

Question 14

One factor that determines the consequences of a bacterial infection for the host is the ability of the bacterium to produce chemical substances injurious to the host's tissues. The anthrax-causing bacterium, Bacillus anthracis, produces few toxins. However, it can multiply readily and ultimately it invades the entire bloodstream. Such a bacterium, therefore, has qualities of _______ invasiveness and _______ toxigenicity.

Accepted Answer

A)  low; high 
B)  high; high 
C)  low; low 
D)  high; low 
E)  moderate; moderate 
A)  low; high 
B)  high; high 
C)  low; low 
D)  high; low 
E)  moderate; moderate

Question 15

Some biologists think that viruses should not be classified as living organisms because

Accepted Answer

A)  they do not have a cellular structure. 
B)  they infect all cellular forms of life. 
C)  they depend on cellular organisms in order to replicate. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  Both a and c 
A)  they do not have a cellular structure. 
B)  they infect all cellular forms of life. 
C)  they depend on cellular organisms in order to replicate. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  Both a and c

Question 16

Lateral gene transfer is the process by which

Accepted Answer

A)  scientists make transgenic organisms. 
B)  prokaryotes within a species exchange genes. 
C)  prokaryotes acquire DNA from a different species. 
D)  genes are passed to daughter cells. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  scientists make transgenic organisms. 
B)  prokaryotes within a species exchange genes. 
C)  prokaryotes acquire DNA from a different species. 
D)  genes are passed to daughter cells. 
E)  None of the above

Question 17

The division of the living world into three domains

Accepted Answer

A)  is based on the number of cells in organisms of each group. 
B)  is based mostly on the major morphological differences between archaea and bacteria. 
C)  emphasizes the greater importance of eukaryotes. 
D)  was proposed by the early microscopists. 
E)  is based on phylogenetic relationships determined from nucleotide sequences of rRNA and other genes. 
A)  is based on the number of cells in organisms of each group. 
B)  is based mostly on the major morphological differences between archaea and bacteria. 
C)  emphasizes the greater importance of eukaryotes. 
D)  was proposed by the early microscopists. 
E)  is based on phylogenetic relationships determined from nucleotide sequences of rRNA and other genes.

Question 18

Bacteria participate in

Accepted Answer

A)  digestion in animals. 
B)  processing nitrogen and sulfur in soils. 
C)  decomposition in all ecosystems. 
D)  many industrial and commercial processes. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  digestion in animals. 
B)  processing nitrogen and sulfur in soils. 
C)  decomposition in all ecosystems. 
D)  many industrial and commercial processes. 
E)  All of the above

Question 19

How are prokaryote phylogenies different from mammal phylogenies?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is a high degree of lateral gene transfer in mammals. 
B)  Mammal phylogenies are constructed from evidence based in DNA, whereas prokaryote phylogenies are based in RNA. 
C)  There is a high degree of lateral gene transfer in prokaryotes. 
D)  The phylogenetic reconstruction process is much simpler for prokaryotes because they are much smaller. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  There is a high degree of lateral gene transfer in mammals. 
B)  Mammal phylogenies are constructed from evidence based in DNA, whereas prokaryote phylogenies are based in RNA. 
C)  There is a high degree of lateral gene transfer in prokaryotes. 
D)  The phylogenetic reconstruction process is much simpler for prokaryotes because they are much smaller. 
E)  None of the above

Question 20

The common ancestry (monophyly) of the three domains (Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya) is confirmed by

Accepted Answer

A)  the similar appearances of different organisms. 
B)  ample fossil evidence. 
C)  DNA as the genetic material that encodes for proteins. 
D)  None of the above 
E)  All of the above 
A)  the similar appearances of different organisms. 
B)  ample fossil evidence. 
C)  DNA as the genetic material that encodes for proteins. 
D)  None of the above 
E)  All of the above

Exam 26: Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The closest monophyletic group(s) to the domain Bacteria is (are)

RNA retroviruses

Archaea is the closest sister group to the

Many Gram-negative bacteria have _______ composed of lipopolysaccharides that can cause fever and vomiting.

An ecosystem based on chemolithotrophs exists 2,500 meters below the ocean surface near the Galápagos Islands. These archaea

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is an important bacterium that is especially useful for inserting genes into _______ hosts.

The chlorophyll of cyanobacteria is

Several human bacterial diseases, including tetanus, cholera, and bubonic plague are induced by soluble proteins called _______.

The sequencing of rRNA allowed scientists to understand

Bioluminescence

The majority of bacteria are

The most abundant organisms on Earth are pro­karyotes, which fall into the kingdoms Archaea and _______.

Which of the following is not a basic feature of a prokaryotic cell?

Some biologists think that viruses should not be classified as living organisms because

Lateral gene transfer is the process by which

The division of the living world into three domains

Bacteria participate in

How are prokaryote phylogenies different from mammal phylogenies?

The common ancestry (monophyly) of the three domains (Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya) is confirmed by

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The most abundant organisms on Earth are prokaryotes, which fall into the kingdoms Archaea and _______.