Question 1

Differentiate between the following terms:
obligate anaerobe/obligate aerobe
photoautotroph/photoheterotroph
chemolithotroph/chemoheterotroph

Accepted Answer

Obligate anaerobes die in the presence o

Question 2

Bacteria reproduce

Accepted Answer

A)  only asexually. 
B)  only sexually. 
C)  asexually, and exchange genetic information by transformation, conjugation, and transduction. 
D)  following mitosis. 
E)  Both a and d 
A)  only asexually. 
B)  only sexually. 
C)  asexually, and exchange genetic information by transformation, conjugation, and transduction. 
D)  following mitosis. 
E)  Both a and d

Question 3

All photosynthetic bacteria

Accepted Answer

A)  release O2 from H2O. 
B)  have bacteriochlorophyll. 
C)  reduce CO2 to the level of carbohydrates. 
D)  form elemental sulfur. 
E)  absorb light at similar wavelengths. 
A)  release O2 from H2O. 
B)  have bacteriochlorophyll. 
C)  reduce CO2 to the level of carbohydrates. 
D)  form elemental sulfur. 
E)  absorb light at similar wavelengths.

Question 4

Which of the following means of locomotion is not used by prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gliding 
B)  Flagella 
C)  Corkscrew-like motion 
D)  Beating cilia 
E)  Gas vacuoles 
A)  Gliding 
B)  Flagella 
C)  Corkscrew-like motion 
D)  Beating cilia 
E)  Gas vacuoles

Question 5

Which of the following types of prokaryotes are most negatively impacted by oxygen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Obligate aerobes 
B)  Obligate anaerobes 
C)  Facultative anaerobes 
D)  Aerotolerant airobes 
E)  Photoautotrophs 
A)  Obligate aerobes 
B)  Obligate anaerobes 
C)  Facultative anaerobes 
D)  Aerotolerant airobes 
E)  Photoautotrophs

Question 6

Archaea often live in harsh environments. Those that live in extremely salty conditions are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  thermophiles. 
B)  halophiles. 
C)  salinophiles. 
D)  brinophiles. 
E)  sodiophiles. 
A)  thermophiles. 
B)  halophiles. 
C)  salinophiles. 
D)  brinophiles. 
E)  sodiophiles.

Question 7

Some cyanobacteria that form filamentous colonies possess heterocysts, which are

Accepted Answer

A)  a means of locomotion. 
B)  cells specialized for nitrogen fixation. 
C)  resting stages. 
D)  endospores. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  a means of locomotion. 
B)  cells specialized for nitrogen fixation. 
C)  resting stages. 
D)  endospores. 
E)  None of the above

Question 8

Synthesis of peptidoglycan-containing cell walls is affected by

Accepted Answer

A)  archaea. 
B)  antibiotics. 
C)  bacteria. 
D)  high toxigenicity. 
E)  Gram stains. 
A)  archaea. 
B)  antibiotics. 
C)  bacteria. 
D)  high toxigenicity. 
E)  Gram stains.

Question 9

The range of time between cell divisions for different bacteria in a vegetative state is from _______ to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  10 minutes; 100 years 
B)  1 minute; 60 minutes 
C)  10 minutes; 60 minutes 
D)  20 minutes; 120 minutes 
E)  1 minute; 1,000 years 
A)  10 minutes; 100 years 
B)  1 minute; 60 minutes 
C)  10 minutes; 60 minutes 
D)  20 minutes; 120 minutes 
E)  1 minute; 1,000 years

Question 10

Which of the following is a broad nutritional category of prokaryotes that is recognized by biologists?

Accepted Answer

A)  Physioautotrophs 
B)  Heteroautotrophs 
C)  Chemolithotrophs 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  Both a and c 
A)  Physioautotrophs 
B)  Heteroautotrophs 
C)  Chemolithotrophs 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  Both a and c

Question 11

Genetic evidence suggests that viruses

Accepted Answer

A)  are most closely related to Bacteria. 
B)  are most closely related to Archaea. 
C)  are most closely related to Eukarya. 
D)  have evolved multiple times from many different cellular species. 
E)  evolved from the fusion of a bacterial and an archaeal species. 
A)  are most closely related to Bacteria. 
B)  are most closely related to Archaea. 
C)  are most closely related to Eukarya. 
D)  have evolved multiple times from many different cellular species. 
E)  evolved from the fusion of a bacterial and an archaeal species.

Question 12

Prokaryotes, along with fungi, return tremendous quantities of organic carbon to the atmosphere as

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP. 
B)  CO2. 
C)  photosynthesis. 
D)  evolution. 
E)  nitrogen gas. 
A)  ATP. 
B)  CO2. 
C)  photosynthesis. 
D)  evolution. 
E)  nitrogen gas.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about prokaryotes is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prokaryotes comprise a single domain. 
B)  Prokaryotes are the most numerous organisms on Earth. 
C)  Prokaryotes have evolved many different mechanisms of deriving energy from the environment. 
D)  A very small proportion of prokaryotes are pathogenic. 
E)  Some prokaryotes can live in extreme environments. 
A)  Prokaryotes comprise a single domain. 
B)  Prokaryotes are the most numerous organisms on Earth. 
C)  Prokaryotes have evolved many different mechanisms of deriving energy from the environment. 
D)  A very small proportion of prokaryotes are pathogenic. 
E)  Some prokaryotes can live in extreme environments.

Question 14

Which of the following characteristics is not shared by Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya?

Accepted Answer

A)  Semiconservative replication of DNA 
B)  Plasma membranes 
C)  Ribosomes 
D)  Cytoskelton 
E)  Glycolysis 
A)  Semiconservative replication of DNA 
B)  Plasma membranes 
C)  Ribosomes 
D)  Cytoskelton 
E)  Glycolysis

Question 15

The number of prokaryote species that have been identified is about _______. The total number of prokaryote species is likely to be at least _______. This estimate is based on the analysis of at least _______ sequences of random samples from the environment.

Accepted Answer

A)  5,000; millions; mitochondrial DNA 
B)  10,000; 500,000; genomic DNA 
C)  10,000; millions; ribosomal RNA gene 
D)  5,000; 500,000; ribosomal RNA gene 
E)  5,000; 1 million; ribosomal RNA gene 
A)  5,000; millions; mitochondrial DNA 
B)  10,000; 500,000; genomic DNA 
C)  10,000; millions; ribosomal RNA gene 
D)  5,000; 500,000; ribosomal RNA gene 
E)  5,000; 1 million; ribosomal RNA gene

Question 16

A consensus tree consists of

Accepted Answer

A)  a cladogram based on morphological characteristics only. 
B)  a cladogram that summarizes evolutionary relationships between organisms using data from multiple different gene sequences. 
C)  a cladogram showing lateral gene transfer for a single gene. 
D)  the evolutionary relationship between organisms based on a single DNA sequence. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  a cladogram based on morphological characteristics only. 
B)  a cladogram that summarizes evolutionary relationships between organisms using data from multiple different gene sequences. 
C)  a cladogram showing lateral gene transfer for a single gene. 
D)  the evolutionary relationship between organisms based on a single DNA sequence. 
E)  None of the above

Question 17

Describe how Gram staining depends on bacterial cell wall structure. Would Gram staining work for archaea?

Accepted Answer

Gram staining results depend on the arra

Question 18

Which of the following statements about prokaryotes is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cyanobacteria generated oxygen in ancient times that killed obligate anaerobes. 
B)  Cattle could not digest cellulose without the assistance of bacteria. 
C)  There are few prokaryotes in the digestive system of humans. 
D)  Prokaryotes conduct glycolysis. 
E)  Most prokaryotes are decomposers. 
A)  Cyanobacteria generated oxygen in ancient times that killed obligate anaerobes. 
B)  Cattle could not digest cellulose without the assistance of bacteria. 
C)  There are few prokaryotes in the digestive system of humans. 
D)  Prokaryotes conduct glycolysis. 
E)  Most prokaryotes are decomposers.

Question 19

Before they had the ability to decipher nucleotide sequences, biologists classified prokaryotes based on several characteristics. Which of the following was not one of these characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nutritional requirements 
B)  Phenotypic characteristics like shape or color 
C)  Sensitivity to antibiotics 
D)  Modes of locomotion 
E)  Multiple genes 
A)  Nutritional requirements 
B)  Phenotypic characteristics like shape or color 
C)  Sensitivity to antibiotics 
D)  Modes of locomotion 
E)  Multiple genes

Question 20

Photoautotrophs use light as their source of energy and _______ as their source of carbon.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Photoautotrophs use light as their source of...

Exam 26: Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

Differentiate between the following terms: obligate anaerobe/obligate aerobe photoautotroph/photoheterotroph chemolithotroph/chemoheterotroph

Bacteria reproduce

All photosynthetic bacteria

Which of the following means of locomotion is not used by prokaryotes?

Which of the following types of prokaryotes are most negatively impacted by oxygen?

Archaea often live in harsh environments. Those that live in extremely salty conditions are referred to as

Some cyanobacteria that form filamentous colonies possess heterocysts, which are

Synthesis of peptidoglycan-containing cell walls is affected by

The range of time between cell divisions for different bacteria in a vegetative state is from _______ to _______.

Which of the following is a broad nutritional category of prokaryotes that is recognized by biologists?

Genetic evidence suggests that viruses

Prokaryotes, along with fungi, return tremendous quantities of organic carbon to the atmosphere as

Which of the following statements about prokaryotes is false?

Which of the following characteristics is not shared by Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya?

The number of prokaryote species that have been identified is about _______. The total number of prokaryote species is likely to be at least _______. This estimate is based on the analysis of at least _______ sequences of random samples from the environment.

A consensus tree consists of

Describe how Gram staining depends on bacterial cell wall structure. Would Gram staining work for archaea?

Which of the following statements about prokaryotes is false?

Before they had the ability to decipher nucleotide sequences, biologists classified prokaryotes based on several characteristics. Which of the following was not one of these characteristics?

Photoautotrophs use light as their source of energy and _______ as their source of carbon.

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Development and Evolutionary Change

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

Animal Behavior

Ecology and the Distribution of Life

Population Ecology

Species Interaction and Coevolution

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Conservation Biology

Filters

The range of time between cell divisions for different bacteria in a vegetative state is from _ to _.

The number of prokaryote species that have been identified is about ___. The total number of prokaryote species is likely to be at least _. This estimate is based on the analysis of at least _____ sequences of random samples from the environment.