Question 1

Which of the following statements about HIV or AIDS is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  AIDS is a zoonotic disease. 
B)  HIV likely entered into humans from only one animal species. 
C)  HIV likely entered human populations from hunters who cut themselves as they were skinning animals. 
D)  HIV likely originated in Africa. 
E)  All of the above are true; none is false. 
A)  AIDS is a zoonotic disease. 
B)  HIV likely entered into humans from only one animal species. 
C)  HIV likely entered human populations from hunters who cut themselves as they were skinning animals. 
D)  HIV likely originated in Africa. 
E)  All of the above are true; none is false.

Question 2

Snakes, which lack limbs, evolved from vertebrates that had legs. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  convergent evolution. 
B)  an evolutionary reversal. 
C)  a synapomorphy. 
D)  a homology. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  convergent evolution. 
B)  an evolutionary reversal. 
C)  a synapomorphy. 
D)  a homology. 
E)  None of the above

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the molecular clock is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It requires monophyletic taxa. 
B)  It requires calibration with independent data, such as from the fossil record. 
C)  It requires binomial nomenclature. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  Both b and c 
A)  It requires monophyletic taxa. 
B)  It requires calibration with independent data, such as from the fossil record. 
C)  It requires binomial nomenclature. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  Both b and c

Question 4

In the classification system devised by Linnaeus, the names of _______ of plants end with the suffix _______, whereas those of animals end with _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  classes; -idae; -aceae 
B)  families; -aceae; -idae 
C)  orders; -idae; -aceae 
D)  families; -idae; -aceae 
E)  classes; -aceae; -idae 
A)  classes; -idae; -aceae 
B)  families; -aceae; -idae 
C)  orders; -idae; -aceae 
D)  families; -idae; -aceae 
E)  classes; -aceae; -idae

Question 5

Which of the following statements about taxonomy is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The use of large biological databases makes it less important that each species be given its own unique name. 
B)  The fields of zoology, botany, and microbiology historically used the same set of taxonomic rules. 
C)  If the same name is inadvertently given to two different species, a replacement name is given to the one that was named first. 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  The use of large biological databases makes it less important that each species be given its own unique name. 
B)  The fields of zoology, botany, and microbiology historically used the same set of taxonomic rules. 
C)  If the same name is inadvertently given to two different species, a replacement name is given to the one that was named first. 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Question 6

Humans and African apes (chimpanzees, bonobos, and gorillas) share traits, such as elongated skulls and shortened canine teeth, which other related species do not have. These shared characteristics are called

Accepted Answer

A)  homoplasies. 
B)  synapomorphies. 
C)  cladistics. 
D)  parsimonies. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  homoplasies. 
B)  synapomorphies. 
C)  cladistics. 
D)  parsimonies. 
E)  None of the above

Question 7

The antifreeze proteins found in fish that live in very cold waters has evolved independently in the Arctic and in the Antarctic, and not because of shared ancestry. Which of the following can be said about its evolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  The antifreeze proteins in Arctic and Antarctic fish are homologous. 
B)  The antifreeze proteins in Arctic and Antarctic fish are homoplasies. 
C)  The Arctic and Antarctic fish form a clade. 
D)  Both a and c 
E)  None of the above 
A)  The antifreeze proteins in Arctic and Antarctic fish are homologous. 
B)  The antifreeze proteins in Arctic and Antarctic fish are homoplasies. 
C)  The Arctic and Antarctic fish form a clade. 
D)  Both a and c 
E)  None of the above

Question 8

Studies of female platyfish, whose male counterparts have a variety of tail shapes, show that the females have a preference for male fish with artificial swordlike structures attached to their tails. This observation is most consistent with

Accepted Answer

A)  the notion of a molecular clock. 
B)  the maximum likelihood principle. 
C)  the sensory exploitation hypothesis. 
D)  the principle of homoplasy. 
E)  the parsimony principle. 
A)  the notion of a molecular clock. 
B)  the maximum likelihood principle. 
C)  the sensory exploitation hypothesis. 
D)  the principle of homoplasy. 
E)  the parsimony principle.

Question 9

In plant classification, the suffix _______ is used to denote names of families.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In plant classification, the suffix _______ is...

Question 10

The organisms that make up a class are _______ diverse and _______ numerous than those in a family within that class. The organisms that make up a phylum all diverged from a common ancestor _______ recently than did the organisms in an order within that phylum.

Accepted Answer

A)  more; more; less 
B)  more; more; more 
C)  more; less; less 
D)  less; less; more 
E)  less; less; less 
A)  more; more; less 
B)  more; more; more 
C)  more; less; less 
D)  less; less; more 
E)  less; less; less

Question 11

Repetitive DNA sequences usually evolve very quickly. Based on this fact, molecules that have a rapid mutation rate are used to study relationships among

Accepted Answer

A)  very closely related species. 
B)  all organisms. 
C)  extinct organisms. 
D)  duplicated genes. 
E)  organisms that diverged long ago. 
A)  very closely related species. 
B)  all organisms. 
C)  extinct organisms. 
D)  duplicated genes. 
E)  organisms that diverged long ago.

Question 12

Use the following to answer questions :
Refer to the diagram below of a phylogenetic tree.  
-Which of the following constitute a monophyletic group?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chimpanzee and mouse 
B)  Chimpanzee, mouse, pigeon, and crocodile 
C)  Chimpanzee, mouse, pigeon, crocodile, and lizard 
D)  Chimpanzee, pigeon, and salamander 
E)  Both a and c 
A)  Chimpanzee and mouse 
B)  Chimpanzee, mouse, pigeon, and crocodile 
C)  Chimpanzee, mouse, pigeon, crocodile, and lizard 
D)  Chimpanzee, pigeon, and salamander 
E)  Both a and c

Question 13

Some species in a hypothetical family of beetles are winged, and others are wingless. Which of the following would be most useful in determining whether having wings or being wingless was the ancestral trait?

Accepted Answer

A)  Homoplasies 
B)  Homologies 
C)  An outgroup 
D)  An ingroup 
E)  Maximum likelihood methods 
A)  Homoplasies 
B)  Homologies 
C)  An outgroup 
D)  An ingroup 
E)  Maximum likelihood methods

Question 14

Why isn't the presence of similar traits in two organisms necessarily evidence that the two organisms shared a common ancestor?

Accepted Answer

A)  The traits could have arisen by convergent evolution. 
B)  The traits could have evolved independently from two different ancestors. 
C)  The traits may not be homologous. 
D)  One of the traits could have reverted to an ancestral state. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  The traits could have arisen by convergent evolution. 
B)  The traits could have evolved independently from two different ancestors. 
C)  The traits may not be homologous. 
D)  One of the traits could have reverted to an ancestral state. 
E)  All of the above

Question 15

Based on the phylogenetic studies and the use of the molecular clock, scientists have determined that humans most likely were first infected with HIV in

Accepted Answer

A) 1930. 
B) 1950. 
C) 1965. 
D) 1975. 
E)  1985. 
A) 1930. 
B) 1950. 
C) 1965. 
D) 1975. 
E)  1985.

Question 16

Convergent evolution and evolutionary reversal are two sources of

Accepted Answer

A)  homology. 
B)  parsimony. 
C)  synapomorphy. 
D)  monophyly. 
E)  homoplasy. 
A)  homology. 
B)  parsimony. 
C)  synapomorphy. 
D)  monophyly. 
E)  homoplasy.

Question 17

HIV, human immunodeficiency virus, is the causative agent of AIDS. Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  HIV mutates rapidly in infected individuals. 
B)  HIV is amenable to phylogenetic analysis. 
C)  HIV was transmitted to humans from a simian source just once. 
D)  HIV has spread rapidly in humans worldwide. 
E)  HIV may be transferred from one human to another by blood transfusions. 
A)  HIV mutates rapidly in infected individuals. 
B)  HIV is amenable to phylogenetic analysis. 
C)  HIV was transmitted to humans from a simian source just once. 
D)  HIV has spread rapidly in humans worldwide. 
E)  HIV may be transferred from one human to another by blood transfusions.

Exam 22: Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Which of the following statements about HIV or AIDS is false?

Snakes, which lack limbs, evolved from vertebrates that had legs. This is an example of

Which of the following statements about the molecular clock is true?

In the classification system devised by Linnaeus, the names of _______ of plants end with the suffix _______, whereas those of animals end with _______.

Which of the following statements about taxonomy is true?

Humans and African apes (chimpanzees, bonobos, and gorillas) share traits, such as elongated skulls and shortened canine teeth, which other related species do not have. These shared characteristics are called

The antifreeze proteins found in fish that live in very cold waters has evolved independently in the Arctic and in the Antarctic, and not because of shared ancestry. Which of the following can be said about its evolution?

Studies of female platyfish, whose male counterparts have a variety of tail shapes, show that the females have a preference for male fish with artificial swordlike structures attached to their tails. This observation is most consistent with

In plant classification, the suffix _______ is used to denote names of families.

The organisms that make up a class are _______ diverse and _______ numerous than those in a family within that class. The organisms that make up a phylum all diverged from a common ancestor _______ recently than did the organisms in an order within that phylum.

Repetitive DNA sequences usually evolve very quickly. Based on this fact, molecules that have a rapid mutation rate are used to study relationships among

Use the following to answer questions : Refer to the diagram below of a phylogenetic tree. -Which of the following constitute a monophyletic group?

Some species in a hypothetical family of beetles are winged, and others are wingless. Which of the following would be most useful in determining whether having wings or being wingless was the ancestral trait?

Why isn't the presence of similar traits in two organisms necessarily evidence that the two organisms shared a common ancestor?

Based on the phylogenetic studies and the use of the molecular clock, scientists have determined that humans most likely were first infected with HIV in

Convergent evolution and evolutionary reversal are two sources of

HIV, human immunodeficiency virus, is the causative agent of AIDS. Which of the following statements is false?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Development and Evolutionary Change

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

Animal Behavior

Ecology and the Distribution of Life

Population Ecology

Species Interaction and Coevolution

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Conservation Biology

Filters

In the classification system devised by Linnaeus, the names of ___ of plants end with the suffix _, whereas those of animals end with _____.

The organisms that make up a class are ___ diverse and _ numerous than those in a family within that class. The organisms that make up a phylum all diverged from a common ancestor _____ recently than did the organisms in an order within that phylum.