Exam 13: Decision Analysis

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The expected utility is the utility of the expected monetary value.

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Fold back this decision tree.Clearly state the decision strategy you determine.​ Fold back this decision tree.Clearly state the decision strategy you determine.​

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When the expected value approach is used to select a decision alternative,the payoff that actually occurs will usually have a value different from the expected value.

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Decision tree probabilities refer to the probability of

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The purchase of insurance and lottery tickets shows that people make decisions based on

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Sample information with an efficiency rating of 100% is perfect information.

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In an influence diagram,decision nodes are represented by

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Risk analysis helps the decision maker recognize the difference between the expected value of a decision alternative and the payoff that may actually occur.

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A decision tree provides

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An appliance dealer must decide how many (if any)new microwave ovens to order for next month.The ovens cost $220 and sell for $300.Because the oven company is coming out with a new product line in two months,any ovens not sold next month will have to be sold at the dealer's half price clearance sale.Additionally,the appliance dealer feels he suffers a loss of $25 for every oven demanded when he is out of stock.On the basis of past months' sales data,the dealer estimates the probabilities of monthly demand (D)for 0,1,2,or 3 ovens to be 0.3,0.4,0.2,and 0.1,respectively.The dealer is considering conducting a telephone survey on customers' attitudes towards microwave ovens.The results of the survey will either be favorable (F),unfavorable (U),or no opinion (N).The dealer's probability estimates for the survey results based on the number of units demanded are: An appliance dealer must decide how many (if any)new microwave ovens to order for next month.The ovens cost $220 and sell for $300.Because the oven company is coming out with a new product line in two months,any ovens not sold next month will have to be sold at the dealer's half price clearance sale.Additionally,the appliance dealer feels he suffers a loss of $25 for every oven demanded when he is out of stock.On the basis of past months' sales data,the dealer estimates the probabilities of monthly demand (D)for 0,1,2,or 3 ovens to be 0.3,0.4,0.2,and 0.1,respectively.The dealer is considering conducting a telephone survey on customers' attitudes towards microwave ovens.The results of the survey will either be favorable (F),unfavorable (U),or no opinion (N).The dealer's probability estimates for the survey results based on the number of units demanded are:   ​  a.What is the dealer's optimal decision without conducting the survey? b.What is the EVPI? c.Based on the survey results,what is the optimal decision strategy for the dealer? d.What is the maximum amount he should pay for this survey? ​ a.What is the dealer's optimal decision without conducting the survey? b.What is the EVPI? c.Based on the survey results,what is the optimal decision strategy for the dealer? d.What is the maximum amount he should pay for this survey?

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Sensitivity analysis

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Decision alternatives are structured so that several could occur simultaneously.

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For a minimization problem,the conservative approach is often referred to as the

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For a maximization problem,the optimistic approach is often referred to as the

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As long as the monetary value of payoffs stays within a range that the decision maker considers reasonable,selecting the decision alternative with the best expected value usually leads to selection of the most preferred decision.

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Metropolitan Cablevision has the choice of using one of three DVR systems.Profits are believed to be a function of customer acceptance.The payoff to Metropolitan for the three systems is as follows: ​ Metropolitan Cablevision has the choice of using one of three DVR systems.Profits are believed to be a function of customer acceptance.The payoff to Metropolitan for the three systems is as follows: ​   ​ The probabilities of customer acceptance for each system are as follows: ​   ​ The first vice president believes that the indifference probabilities for Metropolitan should be as follows: ​   ​ The second vice president believes Metropolitan should assign the following utility values: ​   ​  a.Which vice president is a risk taker? Which one is risk averse? b.Which system will each vice president recommend? c.Which system would a risk-neutral vice president recommend? ​ The probabilities of customer acceptance for each system are as follows: ​ Metropolitan Cablevision has the choice of using one of three DVR systems.Profits are believed to be a function of customer acceptance.The payoff to Metropolitan for the three systems is as follows: ​   ​ The probabilities of customer acceptance for each system are as follows: ​   ​ The first vice president believes that the indifference probabilities for Metropolitan should be as follows: ​   ​ The second vice president believes Metropolitan should assign the following utility values: ​   ​  a.Which vice president is a risk taker? Which one is risk averse? b.Which system will each vice president recommend? c.Which system would a risk-neutral vice president recommend? ​ The first vice president believes that the indifference probabilities for Metropolitan should be as follows: ​ Metropolitan Cablevision has the choice of using one of three DVR systems.Profits are believed to be a function of customer acceptance.The payoff to Metropolitan for the three systems is as follows: ​   ​ The probabilities of customer acceptance for each system are as follows: ​   ​ The first vice president believes that the indifference probabilities for Metropolitan should be as follows: ​   ​ The second vice president believes Metropolitan should assign the following utility values: ​   ​  a.Which vice president is a risk taker? Which one is risk averse? b.Which system will each vice president recommend? c.Which system would a risk-neutral vice president recommend? ​ The second vice president believes Metropolitan should assign the following utility values: ​ Metropolitan Cablevision has the choice of using one of three DVR systems.Profits are believed to be a function of customer acceptance.The payoff to Metropolitan for the three systems is as follows: ​   ​ The probabilities of customer acceptance for each system are as follows: ​   ​ The first vice president believes that the indifference probabilities for Metropolitan should be as follows: ​   ​ The second vice president believes Metropolitan should assign the following utility values: ​   ​  a.Which vice president is a risk taker? Which one is risk averse? b.Which system will each vice president recommend? c.Which system would a risk-neutral vice president recommend? ​ a.Which vice president is a risk taker? Which one is risk averse? b.Which system will each vice president recommend? c.Which system would a risk-neutral vice president recommend?

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Square nodes in a decision tree indicate that a decision must be made.

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A decision maker has developed the following decision tree.How sensitive is the choice between N and P to the probabilities of states of nature U and V,and which would you choose? ​ A decision maker has developed the following decision tree.How sensitive is the choice between N and P to the probabilities of states of nature U and V,and which would you choose? ​

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A decision strategy is a sequence of decisions and chance outcomes where the decisions chosen depend on the yet-to-be-determined outcomes of chance events.

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The expected value approach is more appropriate for a one-time decision than a repetitive decision.

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