Exam 11: Judgments and Decisions

Suppose you hear about a friend who graduated from college in dramatic arts.Suppose you also judge her to be more likely to be both selling insurance and active in community theater than she is to be only selling insurance.You have

Intuitively,it seems that spacing out instances of a given concept or rule would make it ______ to learn the concept/rule.Research conducted by Kornell and Bjork (2008)_______ this intuition,revealing that ______ repetitions led to better learning.

Our tendency to avoid situations in which many people may be killed while simultaneously being relatively impervious to risky situations in which deaths are more spread out is called

When people estimate confidence intervals,they tend to provide intervals that are too ____,thus showing

A pet phrase of sports announcers that refers to situations in which it seems a player can do no wrong (a quarterback completing all his pass attempts in a half or a basketball player making all his three point attempts in a quarter)is called

According to the dual-process view of reasoning,judgment and decision making,which mode of thinking operates relatively slowly,deliberately,and in a controlled manner?

Hastie,Schkade,and Payne (1999)looked at the hindsight bias in the context of mock civil litigation.In a foresight condition,participants were told that a dangerous situation was developing along a railroad line,and given an extensive set of facts,were then asked to estimate the foreseeability of an accident.In the hindsight condition,participants were given the same set of facts,but were told the accident had already occurred.They were also asked to predict the foreseeability of the accident.Participants in the hindsight condition were more likely than those in the foresight condition to judge the defendant as

When you ask people what caused more deaths - accidents and homicides or strokes and diabetes - people will guess accidents and homicides,even though it is strokes and diabetes (and it's not even really close).This is most likely due to

Inductive reasoning

The "Madden jinx" is the purported tendency for a person to perform poorly after being touted on the yearly version of the popular video game.Our perception of this outcome as a "jinx" is due to

Tversky and Kahneman (1983)asked people whether it was more likely if Linda (a fictional person involved in political movements)was a bank teller or a bank teller who was a feminist.More people chose the bank teller who was a feminist,which demonstrates which concept?

Choice architecture is designed primarily to

Denying the consequent is also called ______,and is a(n)______ form.

If it rains tomorrow,then I'm not going to the baseball game.I did not go to the baseball game.So,it must have rained.This type of argument is called _______,and the conclusion,"It must have rained," is

A friend heard somebody say,"If you are overweight,you are likely to smoke." This friend interprets this statement as,"If you smoke,then you are likely to be overweight." What kind of error is apparent in this example?

Levav and Argo (2010)were interested in how different types of touching would influence participant decision making (i.e. ,the amount participants would invest in a risky fund).In which of these conditions did participants risk the most?

In your book's example,you read a list of names and then tried to recall how many started with J;if you tended to overestimate the number of J names,it was probably due to the effects of _______ on the use of the _______ heuristic.

Coincidences are extremely striking,and often lead people to believe in ________.The ease with which we think of coincidences makes them important players in the ______ heuristic.

Which of these everyday sayings defines the hindsight effect?

A normative approach to the analysis of reasoning and decision making _____,while a descriptive approach to the analysis of reasoning and decision making