Question 1

The dominant mode of coding in immediate memory is:

Accepted Answer

A) visual imagery. 
B) auditory coding. 
C) tactile coding. 
D) spatial coding. 
A) visual imagery. 
B) auditory coding. 
C) tactile coding. 
D) spatial coding.

Question 2

The most investigated component of Baddeley's working memory model is

Accepted Answer

A) the visuo-spatial sketchpad. 
B) the central executive. 
C) sensory memory. 
D) the phonological loop. 
A) the visuo-spatial sketchpad. 
B) the central executive. 
C) sensory memory. 
D) the phonological loop.

Question 3

According to Wegner and his colleagues,the ironic effects of thought suppression

Accepted Answer

A) are more likely to occur when attention is overloaded. 
B) occur because of the failure of an ironic monitoring process. 
C) can be explained by a three-factor theory of cognitive control. 
D) occur because the intentional operating process operates too efficiently. 
A) are more likely to occur when attention is overloaded. 
B) occur because of the failure of an ironic monitoring process. 
C) can be explained by a three-factor theory of cognitive control. 
D) occur because the intentional operating process operates too efficiently.

Question 4

Experience in media multitasking is associated with

Accepted Answer

A) no change in the ability to control attention. 
B) an increased ability to control attention. 
C) a decreased ability to control attention. 
D) a U-shaped relationship with controlling attention. 
A) no change in the ability to control attention. 
B) an increased ability to control attention. 
C) a decreased ability to control attention. 
D) a U-shaped relationship with controlling attention.

Question 5

Deaf individuals

Accepted Answer

A) show effects of similarity,but not word length. 
B) have no articulatory loop at all. 
C) show effects of word length,but not similarity. 
D) show effects of word length and similarity,just like hearing individuals. 
A) show effects of similarity,but not word length. 
B) have no articulatory loop at all. 
C) show effects of word length,but not similarity. 
D) show effects of word length and similarity,just like hearing individuals.

Question 6

The embedded process view of STM

Accepted Answer

A) is a unitary view. 
B) is a multi-store view. 
C) is a hybrid view. 
D) proposes no capacity limits in immediate memory. 
A) is a unitary view. 
B) is a multi-store view. 
C) is a hybrid view. 
D) proposes no capacity limits in immediate memory.

Question 7

The _____ words take to pronounce,the ______ of them can be held in STM.

Accepted Answer

A) less time;more 
B) more time;more 
C) less time;less 
D) more time;less 
A) less time;more 
B) more time;more 
C) less time;less 
D) more time;less

Question 8

Baddeley proposes all of these components in his model of working memory EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) the visuo-spatial sketchpad. 
B) the phonological loop. 
C) sensory memory. 
D) the central executive. 
A) the visuo-spatial sketchpad. 
B) the phonological loop. 
C) sensory memory. 
D) the central executive.

Question 9

The modal model of memory

Accepted Answer

A) proposes two stages of memory processing. 
B) is a connectionist model. 
C) is a complex model of immediate memory. 
D) is an information processing model. 
A) proposes two stages of memory processing. 
B) is a connectionist model. 
C) is a complex model of immediate memory. 
D) is an information processing model.

Question 10

You recently got a new cell phone and have had a great time learning how to use the camera and text messaging features.One day,you forget your phone and ask to use your friend's phone to send a text message.You think it will be easy,as your friend has the exact same phone as your old phone.However,you find you have a great deal of difficulty remembering how to do this.This memory problem is caused by

Accepted Answer

A) retroactive interference. 
B) proactive interference. 
C) decay. 
D) lack of capacity to remember all the information. 
A) retroactive interference. 
B) proactive interference. 
C) decay. 
D) lack of capacity to remember all the information.

Question 11

Someone introduces himself to you at a party,and then you go across the room to get drinks for the two of you,and you don't think about the person's name.What is the maximum amount of time your trip to the bar could take,so that when you get back to the person,you'd still know his name?

Accepted Answer

A) 20 seconds 
B) 5 seconds 
C) 1 minute 
D) 5 minutes 
A) 20 seconds 
B) 5 seconds 
C) 1 minute 
D) 5 minutes

Question 12

Baddeley himself referred to which component of working memory as a "conceptual ragbag" because so many functions and processes get "thrown into it"?

Accepted Answer

A) Visuo-spatial sketchpad 
B) Episodic buffer 
C) Articulatory loop 
D) Central executive 
A) Visuo-spatial sketchpad 
B) Episodic buffer 
C) Articulatory loop 
D) Central executive

Question 13

Wickens et al.(1976)conducted an experiment using the Brown-Peterson task.People were given a short list of words,all from the same category,then counted backward for a few seconds and were asked to recall the list.They did this three times-and after each time,the recall of the list got worse.On the last trial,the participants were given a list of words from a different category to study,but were then asked to recall the words from the first category.How was the recall on this trial?

Accepted Answer

A) It was as bad as before;it did not get worse,and it did not get better. 
B) It was the worst yet. 
C) Recall actually improved on this trial over prior trials. 
D) Participants were confused about the instructions and refused to answer. 
A) It was as bad as before;it did not get worse,and it did not get better. 
B) It was the worst yet. 
C) Recall actually improved on this trial over prior trials. 
D) Participants were confused about the instructions and refused to answer.

Question 14

The function of working memory whereby we control the allocation of attention is called

Accepted Answer

A) working attention. 
B) sensory attention. 
C) executive attention. 
D) the focus of attention. 
A) working attention. 
B) sensory attention. 
C) executive attention. 
D) the focus of attention.

Question 15

Brooks (1968)investigated how people use verbal and visual/spatial processing during recall from immediate memory.He found that

Accepted Answer

A) immediate memory processing was easiest when two concurrent tasks were both verbal. 
B) immediate memory processing was easiest when two concurrent tasks were both visual/spatial. 
C) immediate memory processing was easiest when two concurrent tasks used different processing. 
D) memory span was influenced only when information was presented verbally. 
A) immediate memory processing was easiest when two concurrent tasks were both verbal. 
B) immediate memory processing was easiest when two concurrent tasks were both visual/spatial. 
C) immediate memory processing was easiest when two concurrent tasks used different processing. 
D) memory span was influenced only when information was presented verbally.

Question 16

Historically,the serial position effect has been used as evidence for the Atkinson-Shiffrin model.What is the hypothetical relationship between STM/LTM stores and the effects of serial position on recall?

Accepted Answer

A) STM is proposed as the basis for the primacy effect,and LTM as the basis for the recency effect. 
B) STM is proposed as the basis for the recency effect,and LTM as the basis for the primacy effect. 
C) Both STM and LTM are proposed as the bases for primacy effects. 
A) STM is proposed as the basis for the primacy effect,and LTM as the basis for the recency effect. 
B) STM is proposed as the basis for the recency effect,and LTM as the basis for the primacy effect. 
C) Both STM and LTM are proposed as the bases for primacy effects.

Question 17

An experiment by Wilson and Emmorey (1998)gave deaf participants signs that were long,trying to mimic words that are long in length (have many letters)to see if they would find a "word length" effect.What happened in the experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) There was no difference in memory for long signs or short signs.They were remembered the same. 
B) Recall was better for nouns over verbs,regardless of length of the signing motion. 
C) Recall was better for action words and verbs,regardless of the signing motion. 
D) Recall was worse for long signs,just as it is for words that are long in length. 
A) There was no difference in memory for long signs or short signs.They were remembered the same. 
B) Recall was better for nouns over verbs,regardless of length of the signing motion. 
C) Recall was better for action words and verbs,regardless of the signing motion. 
D) Recall was worse for long signs,just as it is for words that are long in length.

Question 18

__________ is the initial storage system,referring to a brief representation of a just-presented stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A) Short-term memory 
B) Long-term memory 
C) Sensory memory 
D) Semantic memory 
A) Short-term memory 
B) Long-term memory 
C) Sensory memory 
D) Semantic memory

Question 19

Mind-wandering

Accepted Answer

A) requires no mental effort. 
B) is associated with increased awareness of the surrounding environment. 
C) rarely occurs in daily life. 
D) usually occurs without intention. 
A) requires no mental effort. 
B) is associated with increased awareness of the surrounding environment. 
C) rarely occurs in daily life. 
D) usually occurs without intention.

Question 20

The case where later information interferes with the ability to retain information that occurred earlier is called

Accepted Answer

A) anterograde amnesia. 
B) retroactive interference. 
C) proactive interference. 
D) retrograde amnesia. 
A) anterograde amnesia. 
B) retroactive interference. 
C) proactive interference. 
D) retrograde amnesia.

The dominant mode of coding in immediate memory is:

The most investigated component of Baddeley's working memory model is

According to Wegner and his colleagues,the ironic effects of thought suppression

Experience in media multitasking is associated with

Deaf individuals

The embedded process view of STM

The _ words take to pronounce,the __ of them can be held in STM.

Baddeley proposes all of these components in his model of working memory EXCEPT

The modal model of memory

Someone introduces himself to you at a party,and then you go across the room to get drinks for the two of you,and you don't think about the person's name.What is the maximum amount of time your trip to the bar could take,so that when you get back to the person,you'd still know his name?

Baddeley himself referred to which component of working memory as a "conceptual ragbag" because so many functions and processes get "thrown into it"?

The function of working memory whereby we control the allocation of attention is called

Brooks (1968)investigated how people use verbal and visual/spatial processing during recall from immediate memory.He found that

Historically,the serial position effect has been used as evidence for the Atkinson-Shiffrin model.What is the hypothetical relationship between STM/LTM stores and the effects of serial position on recall?

An experiment by Wilson and Emmorey (1998)gave deaf participants signs that were long,trying to mimic words that are long in length (have many letters)to see if they would find a "word length" effect.What happened in the experiment?

__________ is the initial storage system,referring to a brief representation of a just-presented stimulus.

Mind-wandering

The case where later information interferes with the ability to retain information that occurred earlier is called

Cognition As the Study of Information Processing

Perception and Consciousness

Mechanisms of Attention

Concepts and Categories of Object Recognition

Basic Processes in Long-Term Memory

The Reconstructive Nature of Memory

Autobiographical Memory

Basic Issues in Languageand Speech Processing

Reading and Comprehending Text

Judgments and Decisions

Problem Solving

Filters

Exam 4: Immediate Memory

The dominant mode of coding in immediate memory is:

The most investigated component of Baddeley's working memory model is

According to Wegner and his colleagues,the ironic effects of thought suppression

Experience in media multitasking is associated with

Deaf individuals

The embedded process view of STM

The _____ words take to pronounce,the ______ of them can be held in STM.

Baddeley proposes all of these components in his model of working memory EXCEPT

The modal model of memory

Someone introduces himself to you at a party,and then you go across the room to get drinks for the two of you,and you don't think about the person's name.What is the maximum amount of time your trip to the bar could take,so that when you get back to the person,you'd still know his name?

Baddeley himself referred to which component of working memory as a "conceptual ragbag" because so many functions and processes get "thrown into it"?

The function of working memory whereby we control the allocation of attention is called

Brooks (1968)investigated how people use verbal and visual/spatial processing during recall from immediate memory.He found that

Historically,the serial position effect has been used as evidence for the Atkinson-Shiffrin model.What is the hypothetical relationship between STM/LTM stores and the effects of serial position on recall?

An experiment by Wilson and Emmorey (1998)gave deaf participants signs that were long,trying to mimic words that are long in length (have many letters)to see if they would find a "word length" effect.What happened in the experiment?

__________ is the initial storage system,referring to a brief representation of a just-presented stimulus.

Mind-wandering

The case where later information interferes with the ability to retain information that occurred earlier is called

Cognition As the Study of Information Processing

Perception and Consciousness

Mechanisms of Attention

Concepts and Categories of Object Recognition

Basic Processes in Long-Term Memory

The Reconstructive Nature of Memory

Autobiographical Memory

Basic Issues in Languageand Speech Processing

Reading and Comprehending Text

Judgments and Decisions

Problem Solving

Filters

The _ words take to pronounce,the __ of them can be held in STM.