Question 1

The avian erythroblastosis virus contains an oncogene called erbB that encodes ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) an altered EGF receptor that is missing part of the extracellular domain that binds to the growth factor 
B) an altered insulin receptor that binds insulin with lower affinity 
C) an altered transcription factor that turns on hemoglobin synthesis 
D) an elongated auxiliary protein of the cytoskeleton 
E) an underexpressed nuclear protein 
A) an altered EGF receptor that is missing part of the extracellular domain that binds to the growth factor 
B) an altered insulin receptor that binds insulin with lower affinity 
C) an altered transcription factor that turns on hemoglobin synthesis 
D) an elongated auxiliary protein of the cytoskeleton 
E) an underexpressed nuclear protein A

Question 2

The BCL-2 oncogene is the oncogene most closely linked to _________; it encodes a membrane-bound ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) apoptosis,protein that normally acts to activate apoptosis 
B) apoptosis,protein that normally acts to inhibit apoptosis 
C) uncontrolled proliferation,protein that normally acts to inhibit apoptosis 
D) uncontrolled proliferation,protein that normally acts to activate apoptosis 
E) apoptosis,protein that binds to the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase 
A) apoptosis,protein that normally acts to activate apoptosis 
B) apoptosis,protein that normally acts to inhibit apoptosis 
C) uncontrolled proliferation,protein that normally acts to inhibit apoptosis 
D) uncontrolled proliferation,protein that normally acts to activate apoptosis 
E) apoptosis,protein that binds to the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase B

Question 3

Which of the following is not a mechanism of action for a small-molecule targeted therapy?

Accepted Answer

A) Stimulation of tyrosine kinase 
B) Inhibition of MAP kinase cascade 
C) Blocking cell-survival pathways 
D) Induction of apoptosis 
E) Inhibition of estrogen synthesis 
A) Stimulation of tyrosine kinase 
B) Inhibition of MAP kinase cascade 
C) Blocking cell-survival pathways 
D) Induction of apoptosis 
E) Inhibition of estrogen synthesis E

Question 4

Which type of new screening test will be able to identify cancers based on the presence of specific genes associated with various types of cancer?

Accepted Answer

A) genomics 
B) Pap smear 
C) colonoscopy 
D) proteomics 
E) astronomics 
A) genomics 
B) Pap smear 
C) colonoscopy 
D) proteomics 
E) astronomics

Question 5

William Coley,a New York physician in the late 1800s,studied spontaneous remissions of terminal cancer cases.He read that one man,who had an inoperable neck tumor,had gone into remission after what event?

Accepted Answer

A) after a cold 
B) after changing his diet drastically 
C) after a streptococcal infection beneath his skin 
D) after a rigorous exercise regimen 
E) after taking multiple vitamins 
A) after a cold 
B) after changing his diet drastically 
C) after a streptococcal infection beneath his skin 
D) after a rigorous exercise regimen 
E) after taking multiple vitamins

Question 6

After his initial discoveries and for the rest of his life,Coley tried to develop a ______ extract that when injected under the skin would stimulate a patient's immune system to destroy their malignancy.His approach called ________ worked against some uncommon__________.

Accepted Answer

A) bacterial,Coley's toxin,soft-tissue carcinomas 
B) bacterial,Coley's solution,soft-tissue sarcomas 
C) viral,Coley's toxin,soft-tissue sarcomas 
D) bacterial,Coley's toxin,soft-tissue sarcomas 
E) human cytoplasmic,Coley's cure,soft-tissue hepatomas 
A) bacterial,Coley's toxin,soft-tissue carcinomas 
B) bacterial,Coley's solution,soft-tissue sarcomas 
C) viral,Coley's toxin,soft-tissue sarcomas 
D) bacterial,Coley's toxin,soft-tissue sarcomas 
E) human cytoplasmic,Coley's cure,soft-tissue hepatomas

Question 7

What does telomerase do?

Accepted Answer

A) It maintains centromeres at chromosome ends (telomeres),thus allowing cells to continue to divide. 
B) It degrades centromeres at the telomeres of chromosomes,thus allowing cells to continue to divide. 
C) It maintains telomeres at the ends of chromosomes,thus allowing cells to continue to divide. 
D) It degrades telomeres at the ends of chromosomes,thus allowing cells to continue to divide. 
E) It maintains telomeres at the ends of chromosomes,thus preventing cells from continuing to divide. 
A) It maintains centromeres at chromosome ends (telomeres),thus allowing cells to continue to divide. 
B) It degrades centromeres at the telomeres of chromosomes,thus allowing cells to continue to divide. 
C) It maintains telomeres at the ends of chromosomes,thus allowing cells to continue to divide. 
D) It degrades telomeres at the ends of chromosomes,thus allowing cells to continue to divide. 
E) It maintains telomeres at the ends of chromosomes,thus preventing cells from continuing to divide.

Question 8

Whether a cell lives or dies after a particular event depends to a large degree on ________ between ________ and _________ signals.

Accepted Answer

A) the differences,mitotic,cytokinetic 
B) the balance,mitotic,cytokinetic 
C) the balance,proapoptotic,antiapoptotic 
D) the differences,on,off 
E) the similarities,proapoptotic,antiapoptotic 
A) the differences,mitotic,cytokinetic 
B) the balance,mitotic,cytokinetic 
C) the balance,proapoptotic,antiapoptotic 
D) the differences,on,off 
E) the similarities,proapoptotic,antiapoptotic

Question 9

After the DNAs attached to the glass slide of a microarray are exposed to a probe,how are they usually visualized?

Accepted Answer

A) The cDNA probes are fluorescently labeled. 
B) The mRNA probes are fluorescently labeled. 
C) The cDNA probes are radioactively labeled. 
D) The cDNA probes are labeled with ferritin. 
E) The mRNA probes are labeled with ferritin. 
A) The cDNA probes are fluorescently labeled. 
B) The mRNA probes are fluorescently labeled. 
C) The cDNA probes are radioactively labeled. 
D) The cDNA probes are labeled with ferritin. 
E) The mRNA probes are labeled with ferritin.

Question 10

Patients suffering from familial adenomatous polyposis coli have typically been found to have _________,which is the site of the _________.

Accepted Answer

A) a small chromosome 15 deletion,RP tumor-suppressor gene 
B) a small chromosome 5 deletion,APC oncogene 
C) a small chromosome 5 duplication,APC tumor-suppressor gene 
D) a small chromosome 5 deletion,APC tumor-suppressor gene 
E) a small chromosome 6 deletion,APC tumor-suppressor gene 
A) a small chromosome 15 deletion,RP tumor-suppressor gene 
B) a small chromosome 5 deletion,APC oncogene 
C) a small chromosome 5 duplication,APC tumor-suppressor gene 
D) a small chromosome 5 deletion,APC tumor-suppressor gene 
E) a small chromosome 6 deletion,APC tumor-suppressor gene

Question 11

Which of the following statements does not support the concept of cancer stem cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Drugs such as Gleevec that reduce tumor mass may not eliminate all cells in the tumor 
B) Tumor cells are not homogeneous and can express different cell-surface markers 
C) Treatment with drugs that stimulate stem cell differentiation improves the efficacy of small-molecule targeted therapies 
D) A key feature of cancer is that cells of a primary tumor are capable of unlimited proliferation 
E) Only some cells from a tumor are able to initiate the formation of a new tumor following injection into a immunodeficient mouse 
A) Drugs such as Gleevec that reduce tumor mass may not eliminate all cells in the tumor 
B) Tumor cells are not homogeneous and can express different cell-surface markers 
C) Treatment with drugs that stimulate stem cell differentiation improves the efficacy of small-molecule targeted therapies 
D) A key feature of cancer is that cells of a primary tumor are capable of unlimited proliferation 
E) Only some cells from a tumor are able to initiate the formation of a new tumor following injection into a immunodeficient mouse

Question 12

If patients with advanced CML are initially treated with Gleevec,they generally develop resistance to the drug within a few months.What seems to cause the resistance?

Accepted Answer

A) mutations in the BCR portion of the fusion gene 
B) mutations in the ABL portion of the fusion gene 
C) ABL gene deletion 
D) ABL gene amplification 
E) BCR gene amplification 
A) mutations in the BCR portion of the fusion gene 
B) mutations in the ABL portion of the fusion gene 
C) ABL gene deletion 
D) ABL gene amplification 
E) BCR gene amplification

Question 13

If Raf is mutated so that it is "on" constitutively,what is the effect on the cell?

Accepted Answer

A) The cells stop dividing. 
B) The cells differentiate. 
C) The cells dedifferentiate. 
D) The cells lose growth control. 
E) The cells increase in volume permanently. 
A) The cells stop dividing. 
B) The cells differentiate. 
C) The cells dedifferentiate. 
D) The cells lose growth control. 
E) The cells increase in volume permanently.

Question 14

Why can cancer cells proliferate in the absence of serum?

Accepted Answer

A) Their nuclei depend on these serum growth factors to maintain their structure. 
B) The serum inhibits their growth,while it is necessary for normal cells. 
C) The cell cycle of cancer cells does not depend on signals transmitted from serum growth-factor receptors located at their surface. 
D) The cell cycle of cancer cells depends on signals transmitted from serum growth-factor receptors located in their cytoplasm. 
E) Their mitochondria depend on serum growth factors for their activity. 
A) Their nuclei depend on these serum growth factors to maintain their structure. 
B) The serum inhibits their growth,while it is necessary for normal cells. 
C) The cell cycle of cancer cells does not depend on signals transmitted from serum growth-factor receptors located at their surface. 
D) The cell cycle of cancer cells depends on signals transmitted from serum growth-factor receptors located in their cytoplasm. 
E) Their mitochondria depend on serum growth factors for their activity.

Question 15

For what disease has the human monoclonal antibody Arzerra been approved for treatment?

Accepted Answer

A) acute lymphocytic leukemia 
B) chronic lymphocytic leukemia 
C) ALS (Lou Gehrig's disease) 
D) multiple sclerosis 
E) glioblastoma 
A) acute lymphocytic leukemia 
B) chronic lymphocytic leukemia 
C) ALS (Lou Gehrig's disease) 
D) multiple sclerosis 
E) glioblastoma

Question 16

How are drug companies trying to combat the ability of the BCL-2 gene to lower the effectiveness of chemotherapy?

Accepted Answer

A) They are trying to develop drugs that stabilize cancer cells. 
B) They are trying to develop drugs that make cancer cells more likely to undergo apoptosis. 
C) They are trying to develop drugs that cause cancer cells to revert to normal embryonic cells. 
D) They are trying to develop drugs that cause cancer cells to dedifferentiate. 
E) They are trying to develop drugs that cause cancer cells to differentiate. 
A) They are trying to develop drugs that stabilize cancer cells. 
B) They are trying to develop drugs that make cancer cells more likely to undergo apoptosis. 
C) They are trying to develop drugs that cause cancer cells to revert to normal embryonic cells. 
D) They are trying to develop drugs that cause cancer cells to dedifferentiate. 
E) They are trying to develop drugs that cause cancer cells to differentiate.

Question 17

What is the proposed mechanism of action for the cancer stem cell-targeting drug tarextumab?

Accepted Answer

A) Inhibition of Notch signaling 
B) Stimulation of Notch signaling 
C) Stimulation of a stem-cell specific immune response 
D) Inhibition of tyrosine kinase signaling 
E) Stimulation of MAP kinase signaling 
A) Inhibition of Notch signaling 
B) Stimulation of Notch signaling 
C) Stimulation of a stem-cell specific immune response 
D) Inhibition of tyrosine kinase signaling 
E) Stimulation of MAP kinase signaling

Question 18

Which of the following is a biomarker that may at some point could reveal the presence of cancer through a blood test or screening?

Accepted Answer

A) mutant DNA 
B) abnormal carbohydrates 
C) distinctive metabolites 
D) presence of cancer cells 
E) All of these are correct. 
A) mutant DNA 
B) abnormal carbohydrates 
C) distinctive metabolites 
D) presence of cancer cells 
E) All of these are correct.

Question 19

You study two cell lines.In one,the MDM2 protein is overexpressed; in the other the p53 protein is absent.What difference would you expect in the behavior of these two cell lines?

Accepted Answer

A) In cells containing overexpressed MDM2,p53 levels will be low; in cells lacking the TP53 gene,p53 levels are also low; thus there is no difference in behavior. 
B) In cells containing overexpressed MDM2,p53 levels will be high; in cells lacking the TP53 gene,p53 levels are low; thus there is a drastic difference in behavior. 
C) In cells containing overexpressed MDM2,p53 levels will be high; in cells lacking the TP53 gene,p53 levels are high; thus there is no difference. 
D) In cells containing overexpressed MDM2,p53 levels will be low; in cells lacking the TP53 gene,p53 levels are high; thus there is no drastic difference. 
E) None of these are correct. 
A) In cells containing overexpressed MDM2,p53 levels will be low; in cells lacking the TP53 gene,p53 levels are also low; thus there is no difference in behavior. 
B) In cells containing overexpressed MDM2,p53 levels will be high; in cells lacking the TP53 gene,p53 levels are low; thus there is a drastic difference in behavior. 
C) In cells containing overexpressed MDM2,p53 levels will be high; in cells lacking the TP53 gene,p53 levels are high; thus there is no difference. 
D) In cells containing overexpressed MDM2,p53 levels will be low; in cells lacking the TP53 gene,p53 levels are high; thus there is no drastic difference. 
E) None of these are correct.

Question 20

How does the behavior of the altered receptor that is the product of the avian erythroblastosis virus differ from the wild type form of the receptor?

Accepted Answer

A) The altered receptor behaves in the same way as the wild-type receptor. 
B) The altered receptor constitutively stimulates cell growth in the presence and absence of the growth factor. 
C) The altered receptor stimulates cell growth in the presence of the growth factor,but not in its absence. 
D) The altered receptor constitutively represses growth and cell proliferation in the presence and absence of the growth factor. 
E) The altered receptor stimulates cell growth in the absence of the growth factor,but not in its presence. 
A) The altered receptor behaves in the same way as the wild-type receptor. 
B) The altered receptor constitutively stimulates cell growth in the presence and absence of the growth factor. 
C) The altered receptor stimulates cell growth in the presence of the growth factor,but not in its absence. 
D) The altered receptor constitutively represses growth and cell proliferation in the presence and absence of the growth factor. 
E) The altered receptor stimulates cell growth in the absence of the growth factor,but not in its presence.

The avian erythroblastosis virus contains an oncogene called erbB that encodes ___________.

The BCL-2 oncogene is the oncogene most closely linked to _; it encodes a membrane-bound ____.

Which of the following is not a mechanism of action for a small-molecule targeted therapy?

Which type of new screening test will be able to identify cancers based on the presence of specific genes associated with various types of cancer?

William Coley,a New York physician in the late 1800s,studied spontaneous remissions of terminal cancer cases.He read that one man,who had an inoperable neck tumor,had gone into remission after what event?

After his initial discoveries and for the rest of his life,Coley tried to develop a extract that when injected under the skin would stimulate a patient's immune system to destroy their malignancy.His approach called worked against some uncommon____.

What does telomerase do?

Whether a cell lives or dies after a particular event depends to a large degree on between and _ signals.

After the DNAs attached to the glass slide of a microarray are exposed to a probe,how are they usually visualized?

Patients suffering from familial adenomatous polyposis coli have typically been found to have _,which is the site of the _.

Which of the following statements does not support the concept of cancer stem cells?

If patients with advanced CML are initially treated with Gleevec,they generally develop resistance to the drug within a few months.What seems to cause the resistance?

If Raf is mutated so that it is "on" constitutively,what is the effect on the cell?

Why can cancer cells proliferate in the absence of serum?

For what disease has the human monoclonal antibody Arzerra been approved for treatment?

How are drug companies trying to combat the ability of the BCL-2 gene to lower the effectiveness of chemotherapy?

What is the proposed mechanism of action for the cancer stem cell-targeting drug tarextumab?

Which of the following is a biomarker that may at some point could reveal the presence of cancer through a blood test or screening?

You study two cell lines.In one,the MDM2 protein is overexpressed; in the other the p53 protein is absent.What difference would you expect in the behavior of these two cell lines?

How does the behavior of the altered receptor that is the product of the avian erythroblastosis virus differ from the wild type form of the receptor?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics,enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Exam 16: Cancer

The avian erythroblastosis virus contains an oncogene called erbB that encodes ___________.

The BCL-2 oncogene is the oncogene most closely linked to _________; it encodes a membrane-bound ____________.

Which of the following is not a mechanism of action for a small-molecule targeted therapy?

Which type of new screening test will be able to identify cancers based on the presence of specific genes associated with various types of cancer?

William Coley,a New York physician in the late 1800s,studied spontaneous remissions of terminal cancer cases.He read that one man,who had an inoperable neck tumor,had gone into remission after what event?

After his initial discoveries and for the rest of his life,Coley tried to develop a ______ extract that when injected under the skin would stimulate a patient's immune system to destroy their malignancy.His approach called ________ worked against some uncommon__________.

What does telomerase do?

Whether a cell lives or dies after a particular event depends to a large degree on ________ between ________ and _________ signals.

After the DNAs attached to the glass slide of a microarray are exposed to a probe,how are they usually visualized?

Patients suffering from familial adenomatous polyposis coli have typically been found to have _________,which is the site of the _________.

Which of the following statements does not support the concept of cancer stem cells?

If patients with advanced CML are initially treated with Gleevec,they generally develop resistance to the drug within a few months.What seems to cause the resistance?

If Raf is mutated so that it is "on" constitutively,what is the effect on the cell?

Why can cancer cells proliferate in the absence of serum?

For what disease has the human monoclonal antibody Arzerra been approved for treatment?

How are drug companies trying to combat the ability of the BCL-2 gene to lower the effectiveness of chemotherapy?

What is the proposed mechanism of action for the cancer stem cell-targeting drug tarextumab?

Which of the following is a biomarker that may at some point could reveal the presence of cancer through a blood test or screening?

You study two cell lines.In one,the MDM2 protein is overexpressed; in the other the p53 protein is absent.What difference would you expect in the behavior of these two cell lines?

How does the behavior of the altered receptor that is the product of the avian erythroblastosis virus differ from the wild type form of the receptor?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics,enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

The BCL-2 oncogene is the oncogene most closely linked to _; it encodes a membrane-bound ____.

After his initial discoveries and for the rest of his life,Coley tried to develop a extract that when injected under the skin would stimulate a patient's immune system to destroy their malignancy.His approach called worked against some uncommon____.

Whether a cell lives or dies after a particular event depends to a large degree on between and _ signals.

Patients suffering from familial adenomatous polyposis coli have typically been found to have _,which is the site of the _.