Question 1

What are the three distinct activities of protein synthesis in the correct order?

Accepted Answer

A) initiation,elongation,termination 
B) termination,initiation,elongation 
C) initiation,termination,elongation 
D) elongation,initiation,termination 
E) elongation,termination,initiation 
A) initiation,elongation,termination 
B) termination,initiation,elongation 
C) initiation,termination,elongation 
D) elongation,initiation,termination 
E) elongation,termination,initiation A

Question 2

What is the name of the RNA-degrading machine that consists of nearly a dozen different exonucleases and is thought to execute some of the enzymatic cleavages that occur during pre-rRNA processing?

Accepted Answer

A) endosome 
B) exosome 
C) nucleosome 
D) heliosome 
E) degradosome 
A) endosome 
B) exosome 
C) nucleosome 
D) heliosome 
E) degradosome B

Question 3

How would you describe the half-lives of rRNAs and tRNAs?

Accepted Answer

A) days or weeks long 
B) minutes long 
C) seconds long 
D) hours long 
E) years long 
A) days or weeks long 
B) minutes long 
C) seconds long 
D) hours long 
E) years long A

Question 4

The greatest variability among codons that specify the same amino acid occurs _________.

Accepted Answer

A) in the first two nucleotides of the triplet 
B) in the last two nucleotides of the triplet 
C) in the first and third nucleotides of the triplet 
D) in the third nucleotide of the triplet 
E) in the middle nucleotide of the triplet 
A) in the first two nucleotides of the triplet 
B) in the last two nucleotides of the triplet 
C) in the first and third nucleotides of the triplet 
D) in the third nucleotide of the triplet 
E) in the middle nucleotide of the triplet

Question 5

The _______ is located about 10 bases upstream from the initiation site.It has the consensus sequence ______ and is responsible for identifying the precise nucleotide at which ________ begins.

Accepted Answer

A) Pribnow box,TATAAT,transcription 
B) Pribnow box,TTGACA,transcription 
C) Pribnow box,TATAAT,translation 
D) Portnoy box,TATAAT,transcription 
E) Portnoy box,TATAAT,translation 
A) Pribnow box,TATAAT,transcription 
B) Pribnow box,TTGACA,transcription 
C) Pribnow box,TATAAT,translation 
D) Portnoy box,TATAAT,transcription 
E) Portnoy box,TATAAT,translation

Question 6

It has been discovered that some mRNAs have a signal that causes the ribosome to change its reading frame by backing up or moving ahead one base.This can,in some cases,defend against a frameshift mutation.Such a sequence is called a(n)_________.

Accepted Answer

A) recentering signal 
B) recoding signal 
C) acentric signal 
D) acentric sequence 
E) allopatric sequence 
A) recentering signal 
B) recoding signal 
C) acentric signal 
D) acentric sequence 
E) allopatric sequence

Question 7

What provides the energy that drives the polymerization of RNA from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

A) nitrogenous bases 
B) deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) 
C) ribonucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) 
D) ribose sugars 
E) ribosomes 
A) nitrogenous bases 
B) deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) 
C) ribonucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) 
D) ribose sugars 
E) ribosomes

Question 8

Where are the snoRNAs encoded?

Accepted Answer

A) within their own genes 
B) within the exons of other genes 
C) within the telomeres 
D) within the intervening sequences of other genes 
E) within the intervening sequences of their own genes 
A) within their own genes 
B) within the exons of other genes 
C) within the telomeres 
D) within the intervening sequences of other genes 
E) within the intervening sequences of their own genes

Question 9

What is probably responsible for driving the conformational shift that is required for the release of the IF2-GDP initiation factor from the initiation complex?

Accepted Answer

A) hydrolysis of ATP bound to IF2 
B) hydrolysis of the GTP bound to IF2 
C) binding of IF1 
D) degradation of IF3 
E) GDP condensation 
A) hydrolysis of ATP bound to IF2 
B) hydrolysis of the GTP bound to IF2 
C) binding of IF1 
D) degradation of IF3 
E) GDP condensation

Question 10

Which strand of the double-stranded siRNA is cut in two and then dissociates from the pre-RISC?

Accepted Answer

A) the active strand 
B) the passenger strand 
C) the siRNA strand 
D) the pedestrian strand 
E) the silencer strand 
A) the active strand 
B) the passenger strand 
C) the siRNA strand 
D) the pedestrian strand 
E) the silencer strand

Question 11

Evidence of the importance of the conversion of uridine to pseudouridine comes from a rare,fatal disease in which the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion is mutated.Symptoms of the disease are skin abnormalities,bone marrow failure and elevated susceptibility to cancer.The name of the disease is _________.

Accepted Answer

A) dysplasia 
B) keratinosis 
C) dyskeratosis 
D) lupus erythematosus 
E) dyspareunia 
A) dysplasia 
B) keratinosis 
C) dyskeratosis 
D) lupus erythematosus 
E) dyspareunia

Question 12

The naked regions seen on the DNA fiber between transcriptional units are called ________.

Accepted Answer

A) spacelies 
B) nontranscribed spacers 
C) nontranslated spacers 
D) untranslated spacers 
E) naked genes 
A) spacelies 
B) nontranscribed spacers 
C) nontranslated spacers 
D) untranslated spacers 
E) naked genes

Question 13

What percentage of cellular RNA is rRNA?

Accepted Answer

A) less than 20% 
B) more than 90% 
C) more than 80% 
D) exactly 75% 
E) 36.5% 
A) less than 20% 
B) more than 90% 
C) more than 80% 
D) exactly 75% 
E) 36.5%

Question 14

Heterogeneous nuclear RNAs are _________.

Accepted Answer

A) tRNA precursors 
B) mRNA precursors 
C) rRNA precursors 
D) snoRNA precursors 
E) mature snRNAs 
A) tRNA precursors 
B) mRNA precursors 
C) rRNA precursors 
D) snoRNA precursors 
E) mature snRNAs

Question 15

Why does the isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase use two types of proofreading mechanisms to ensure its accurate aminoacylation?

Accepted Answer

A) It is not a very precise enzyme. 
B) It is a very big enzyme. 
C) Isoleucine is very hard to distinguish from valine,since they differ only by a single methylene group. 
D) Isoleucine is very difficult to distinguish from glycine. 
E) Isoleucine can spontaneously turn into phenylalanine. 
A) It is not a very precise enzyme. 
B) It is a very big enzyme. 
C) Isoleucine is very hard to distinguish from valine,since they differ only by a single methylene group. 
D) Isoleucine is very difficult to distinguish from glycine. 
E) Isoleucine can spontaneously turn into phenylalanine.

Question 16

If there were one tRNA for every codon that codes for an amino acid,how many different tRNAs should there be?

Accepted Answer

A) 20 
B) 3 
C) 64 
D) 61 
E) 21 
A) 20 
B) 3 
C) 64 
D) 61 
E) 21

Question 17

Which of the following is not a normal property of eukaryotic mRNAs?

Accepted Answer

A) They contain a continuous nucleotide sequence encoding a specific polypeptide. 
B) They are found in the cytoplasm and inside the Golgi complex. 
C) They are attached to ribosomes when they are translated. 
D) Most have a significant noncoding segment that does not direct assembly of amino acids. 
E) Eukaryotic mRNAs have special modifications at their 5' and 3' termini. 
A) They contain a continuous nucleotide sequence encoding a specific polypeptide. 
B) They are found in the cytoplasm and inside the Golgi complex. 
C) They are attached to ribosomes when they are translated. 
D) Most have a significant noncoding segment that does not direct assembly of amino acids. 
E) Eukaryotic mRNAs have special modifications at their 5' and 3' termini.

Question 18

Why does it make sense that cells would be able to recognize dsRNAs as undesirable using a mechanism such as RNAi?

Accepted Answer

A) dsRNAs are not produced by the cell's normal genetic activities. 
B) dsRNAs are produced by the cell's normal genetic activities. 
C) dsRNAs adversely affect mitochondria. 
D) dsRNAs could cause degradation of nuclear DNA. 
E) dsRNAs have a very abnormal interaction with proteins. 
A) dsRNAs are not produced by the cell's normal genetic activities. 
B) dsRNAs are produced by the cell's normal genetic activities. 
C) dsRNAs adversely affect mitochondria. 
D) dsRNAs could cause degradation of nuclear DNA. 
E) dsRNAs have a very abnormal interaction with proteins.

Question 19

Based on the interchangeability of the nucleotide at the third position,Francis Crick proposed that the same tRNA may be able to recognize more than one tRNA.What was his proposal called?

Accepted Answer

A) the tRNA theory 
B) the wobble hypothesis 
C) the steric hindrance hypothesis 
D) the chemiosmotic hypothesis 
E) the endosymbiotic hypothesis 
A) the tRNA theory 
B) the wobble hypothesis 
C) the steric hindrance hypothesis 
D) the chemiosmotic hypothesis 
E) the endosymbiotic hypothesis

Question 20

A small RNA encoded by the lin-4 gene was found in the nematode C.elegans.It was nearly complementary to segments in ________.These small RNAs were able to bind to the complementary mRNA blocking its translation,which apparently triggers a transition to the next developmental stage.

Accepted Answer

A) the 3' untranslated region of specific mRNAs produced by the organism 
B) the 5' untranslated region of specific mRNAs produced by the organism 
C) the promoter of specific genes 
D) the poly(
A) tail of specific mRNAs 
E) the 5'-methylguanosine cap of the mRNA 
A) the 3' untranslated region of specific mRNAs produced by the organism 
B) the 5' untranslated region of specific mRNAs produced by the organism 
C) the promoter of specific genes 
D) the poly(
A) tail of specific mRNAs 
E) the 5'-methylguanosine cap of the mRNA

What are the three distinct activities of protein synthesis in the correct order?

What is the name of the RNA-degrading machine that consists of nearly a dozen different exonucleases and is thought to execute some of the enzymatic cleavages that occur during pre-rRNA processing?

How would you describe the half-lives of rRNAs and tRNAs?

The greatest variability among codons that specify the same amino acid occurs _________.

The _ is located about 10 bases upstream from the initiation site.It has the consensus sequence and is responsible for identifying the precise nucleotide at which ____ begins.

It has been discovered that some mRNAs have a signal that causes the ribosome to change its reading frame by backing up or moving ahead one base.This can,in some cases,defend against a frameshift mutation.Such a sequence is called a(n)_________.

What provides the energy that drives the polymerization of RNA from a DNA template?

Where are the snoRNAs encoded?

What is probably responsible for driving the conformational shift that is required for the release of the IF2-GDP initiation factor from the initiation complex?

Which strand of the double-stranded siRNA is cut in two and then dissociates from the pre-RISC?

The naked regions seen on the DNA fiber between transcriptional units are called ________.

What percentage of cellular RNA is rRNA?

Heterogeneous nuclear RNAs are _________.

Why does the isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase use two types of proofreading mechanisms to ensure its accurate aminoacylation?

If there were one tRNA for every codon that codes for an amino acid,how many different tRNAs should there be?

Which of the following is not a normal property of eukaryotic mRNAs?

Why does it make sense that cells would be able to recognize dsRNAs as undesirable using a mechanism such as RNAi?

Based on the interchangeability of the nucleotide at the third position,Francis Crick proposed that the same tRNA may be able to recognize more than one tRNA.What was his proposal called?

A small RNA encoded by the lin-4 gene was found in the nematode C.elegans.It was nearly complementary to segments in ________.These small RNAs were able to bind to the complementary mRNA blocking its translation,which apparently triggers a transition to the next developmental stage.

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics,enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Exam 11: Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

What are the three distinct activities of protein synthesis in the correct order?

What is the name of the RNA-degrading machine that consists of nearly a dozen different exonucleases and is thought to execute some of the enzymatic cleavages that occur during pre-rRNA processing?

How would you describe the half-lives of rRNAs and tRNAs?

The greatest variability among codons that specify the same amino acid occurs _________.

The _______ is located about 10 bases upstream from the initiation site.It has the consensus sequence ______ and is responsible for identifying the precise nucleotide at which ________ begins.

It has been discovered that some mRNAs have a signal that causes the ribosome to change its reading frame by backing up or moving ahead one base.This can,in some cases,defend against a frameshift mutation.Such a sequence is called a(n)_________.

What provides the energy that drives the polymerization of RNA from a DNA template?

Where are the snoRNAs encoded?

What is probably responsible for driving the conformational shift that is required for the release of the IF2-GDP initiation factor from the initiation complex?

Which strand of the double-stranded siRNA is cut in two and then dissociates from the pre-RISC?

The naked regions seen on the DNA fiber between transcriptional units are called ________.

What percentage of cellular RNA is rRNA?

Heterogeneous nuclear RNAs are _________.

Why does the isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase use two types of proofreading mechanisms to ensure its accurate aminoacylation?

If there were one tRNA for every codon that codes for an amino acid,how many different tRNAs should there be?

Which of the following is not a normal property of eukaryotic mRNAs?

Why does it make sense that cells would be able to recognize dsRNAs as undesirable using a mechanism such as RNAi?

Based on the interchangeability of the nucleotide at the third position,Francis Crick proposed that the same tRNA may be able to recognize more than one tRNA.What was his proposal called?

A small RNA encoded by the lin-4 gene was found in the nematode C.elegans.It was nearly complementary to segments in ________.These small RNAs were able to bind to the complementary mRNA blocking its translation,which apparently triggers a transition to the next developmental stage.

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics,enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

The _ is located about 10 bases upstream from the initiation site.It has the consensus sequence and is responsible for identifying the precise nucleotide at which ____ begins.