Question 1

________ plays a key role in replicating DNA at the ends of chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

A) PolyA polymerase 
B) DNA polymerase 
C) Telomerase 
D) Protein kinase 
E) Phosphodiesterase 
A) PolyA polymerase 
B) DNA polymerase 
C) Telomerase 
D) Protein kinase 
E) Phosphodiesterase C

Question 2

What kind of DNA sequence makes up from about 20% to more than 80% of the total DNA in a eukaryotic genome,depending on the organism,and includes sequences repeated within the genome a few times to tens of thousands of times?

Accepted Answer

A) moderately repeated DNA sequences 
B) nonrepeated sequences 
C) highly repeated sequences 
D) satellites,minisatellites and microsatellites 
E) very unique sequence DNA 
A) moderately repeated DNA sequences 
B) nonrepeated sequences 
C) highly repeated sequences 
D) satellites,minisatellites and microsatellites 
E) very unique sequence DNA A

Question 3

Which type of enzyme is essential for processes like DNA replication and transcription to prevent excessive supercoiling from developing as the complementary strands of the DNA duplex separate and unwind?

Accepted Answer

A) topoisomerase 
B) telomerase 
C) topologicase 
D) helicase 
E) isomerase 
A) topoisomerase 
B) telomerase 
C) topologicase 
D) helicase 
E) isomerase A

Question 4

Why is it thought that certain primitive fish diverged from vertebrates before the globin gene was first duplicated?

Accepted Answer

A) The fish are very old. 
B) The fish do not have any hemoglobin. 
C) The hemoglobin of the fish consists of 8 polypeptide subunits. 
D) These fish have only one globin gene instead of multiple globin genes,suggesting that they diverged from other vertebrates before the first duplication of the globin gene. 
E) These fish have four globin genes instead of a single globin gene,suggesting they diverged from other vertebrates before the first duplication of the globin gene. 
A) The fish are very old. 
B) The fish do not have any hemoglobin. 
C) The hemoglobin of the fish consists of 8 polypeptide subunits. 
D) These fish have only one globin gene instead of multiple globin genes,suggesting that they diverged from other vertebrates before the first duplication of the globin gene. 
E) These fish have four globin genes instead of a single globin gene,suggesting they diverged from other vertebrates before the first duplication of the globin gene.

Question 5

Why are satellite DNAs separated from the bulk of the genome during density gradient centrifugation?

Accepted Answer

A) Their base composition is similar to that of the bulk of the genome. 
B) Their base composition is significantly different from that of the bulk of the genome. 
C) Satellite DNAs have higher molecular weights. 
D) Satellites have a higher negative charge than the bulk of the genome. 
E) Satellites have a higher positive charge than the bulk of the genome. 
A) Their base composition is similar to that of the bulk of the genome. 
B) Their base composition is significantly different from that of the bulk of the genome. 
C) Satellite DNAs have higher molecular weights. 
D) Satellites have a higher negative charge than the bulk of the genome. 
E) Satellites have a higher positive charge than the bulk of the genome.

Question 6

Describe the effects of trinucleotide repeat expansions on chromosome and protein stability.

Accepted Answer

In Type I disorders such as Huntington's

Question 7

Which of the following is a DNA nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A) a phosphate group,adenine and ribose 
B) a phosphate group,guanine and deoxyribose 
C) cytosine and ribose 
D) thymine and deoxyribose 
E) a phosphate group and adenine 
A) a phosphate group,adenine and ribose 
B) a phosphate group,guanine and deoxyribose 
C) cytosine and ribose 
D) thymine and deoxyribose 
E) a phosphate group and adenine

Question 8

Which of the following statements was initially a disadvantage of using the fruit fly for genetic studies?

Accepted Answer

A) They have a short generation time from egg to maturity. 
B) They produce up to 1000 eggs in a lifetime. 
C) They are easy to house and breed. 
D) There was only one strain of flies available. 
E) They are inexpensive to maintain. 
A) They have a short generation time from egg to maturity. 
B) They produce up to 1000 eggs in a lifetime. 
C) They are easy to house and breed. 
D) There was only one strain of flies available. 
E) They are inexpensive to maintain.

Question 9

The ends of a polynucleotide chain are the ____ end and the ____ end.

Accepted Answer

A) 5',N-terminal 
B) 3',4' 
C) 3',5' 
D) N-terminal,C-terminal 
E) 3',C-terminal 
A) 5',N-terminal 
B) 3',4' 
C) 3',5' 
D) N-terminal,C-terminal 
E) 3',C-terminal

Question 10

The variety and number of DNA sequence copies in the genome are known as genome _______.

Accepted Answer

A) complexion 
B) complicatedness 
C) complexity 
D) variability 
E) reannealation 
A) complexion 
B) complicatedness 
C) complexity 
D) variability 
E) reannealation

Question 11

________ refers to the fact that the sequence of one DNA strand specifies the sequence of the other strand in the double helix.

Accepted Answer

A) Indirectionality 
B) Complexity 
C) Complementarity 
D) Similarity 
E) Compulsivity 
A) Indirectionality 
B) Complexity 
C) Complementarity 
D) Similarity 
E) Compulsivity

Question 12

Which of the following is guanosine?

Accepted Answer

A) ribose + guanine 
B) guanine + deoxyribose 
C) guanine + thymine 
D) deoxyribose + guanine + phosphate group 
E) ribose + guanine + phosphate group 
A) ribose + guanine 
B) guanine + deoxyribose 
C) guanine + thymine 
D) deoxyribose + guanine + phosphate group 
E) ribose + guanine + phosphate group

Question 13

Humans have roughly the same number of protein-coding genes as _________.

Accepted Answer

A) a mouse 
B) a mustard plant 
C) a puffer fish 
D) a chicken 
E) All of these are correct. 
A) a mouse 
B) a mustard plant 
C) a puffer fish 
D) a chicken 
E) All of these are correct.

Question 14

What type of DNA sequence in eukaryotes is most like that found in bacteria and viruses?

Accepted Answer

The nonrepeated sequence DNA i

Question 15

You isolate DNA from a particular organism and analyze it.The amount of adenine was 6 µmoles and the A+T/G+C ratio is 4.0.How much guanine should be in the sample?

Accepted Answer

A) 6 µmoles 
B) 3 µmoles 
C) 1)5 µmoles 
D) 4 µmoles 
E) 12 µmoles 
A) 6 µmoles 
B) 3 µmoles 
C) 1)5 µmoles 
D) 4 µmoles 
E) 12 µmoles

Question 16

Why would the changes that accumulate in corresponding genes from distantly related organisms be predominantly those that preserve the amino acid sequence?

Accepted Answer

If the amino acid sequence is preserved,

Question 17

What does it mean if portions of the noncoding regions of the genome are conserved?

Accepted Answer

A) Exons code for proteins. 
B) Exons are not as important as once was thought. 
C) Introns and other supposedly useless,noncoding parts of the genome actually have important,unidentified functions. 
D) Introns have no importance. 
E) Introns must be excised to maintain consistency. 
A) Exons code for proteins. 
B) Exons are not as important as once was thought. 
C) Introns and other supposedly useless,noncoding parts of the genome actually have important,unidentified functions. 
D) Introns have no importance. 
E) Introns must be excised to maintain consistency.

Question 18

What evidence supports the Ohno suggestion about vertebrate evolution from ancestral invertebrates by whole-genome duplication?

Accepted Answer

A) Modern vertebrates have four times the number of certain groups of genes compared to their homologues in Amphioxus. 
B) Modern vertebrates and Amphioxus have exactly the same number of certain groups of genes. 
C) Modern vertebrates have six times the number of certain groups of genes compared to their homologues in Amphioxus. 
D) Amphioxus has four times the number of certain groups of genes compared to their homologues in modern vertebrates. 
E) Amphioxus has eight times the number of certain groups of genes compared to their homologues in modern vertebrates. 
A) Modern vertebrates have four times the number of certain groups of genes compared to their homologues in Amphioxus. 
B) Modern vertebrates and Amphioxus have exactly the same number of certain groups of genes. 
C) Modern vertebrates have six times the number of certain groups of genes compared to their homologues in Amphioxus. 
D) Amphioxus has four times the number of certain groups of genes compared to their homologues in modern vertebrates. 
E) Amphioxus has eight times the number of certain groups of genes compared to their homologues in modern vertebrates.

Question 19

What appears to be the reason for the production of the large Drosophila larvae salivary gland cells?

Accepted Answer

A) to allow less gene expression 
B) to allow moderate gene expression 
C) to allow cells to maintain their high secretory activity 
D) to allow the cells to take up more space 
E) to allow the cells to digest larger amounts of phagocytic material 
A) to allow less gene expression 
B) to allow moderate gene expression 
C) to allow cells to maintain their high secretory activity 
D) to allow the cells to take up more space 
E) to allow the cells to digest larger amounts of phagocytic material

Question 20

Which of the following is not a conclusion reached by Mendel?

Accepted Answer

A) Characteristics of plants are governed by distinct factors or units of inheritance. 
B) Gametes from each plant have two copies of the gene for each trait. 
C) An organism's two alleles segregate from each other during gamete formation. 
D) The two genes for a trait carried by an organism may be identical to one another. 
E) The two genes for a trait carried by an organism may be different from one another. 
A) Characteristics of plants are governed by distinct factors or units of inheritance. 
B) Gametes from each plant have two copies of the gene for each trait. 
C) An organism's two alleles segregate from each other during gamete formation. 
D) The two genes for a trait carried by an organism may be identical to one another. 
E) The two genes for a trait carried by an organism may be different from one another.

________ plays a key role in replicating DNA at the ends of chromosomes.

What kind of DNA sequence makes up from about 20% to more than 80% of the total DNA in a eukaryotic genome,depending on the organism,and includes sequences repeated within the genome a few times to tens of thousands of times?

Which type of enzyme is essential for processes like DNA replication and transcription to prevent excessive supercoiling from developing as the complementary strands of the DNA duplex separate and unwind?

Why is it thought that certain primitive fish diverged from vertebrates before the globin gene was first duplicated?

Why are satellite DNAs separated from the bulk of the genome during density gradient centrifugation?

Describe the effects of trinucleotide repeat expansions on chromosome and protein stability.

Which of the following is a DNA nucleotide?

Which of the following statements was initially a disadvantage of using the fruit fly for genetic studies?

The ends of a polynucleotide chain are the end and the end.

The variety and number of DNA sequence copies in the genome are known as genome _______.

________ refers to the fact that the sequence of one DNA strand specifies the sequence of the other strand in the double helix.

Which of the following is guanosine?

Humans have roughly the same number of protein-coding genes as _________.

What type of DNA sequence in eukaryotes is most like that found in bacteria and viruses?

You isolate DNA from a particular organism and analyze it.The amount of adenine was 6 µmoles and the A+T/G+C ratio is 4.0.How much guanine should be in the sample?

Why would the changes that accumulate in corresponding genes from distantly related organisms be predominantly those that preserve the amino acid sequence?

What does it mean if portions of the noncoding regions of the genome are conserved?

What evidence supports the Ohno suggestion about vertebrate evolution from ancestral invertebrates by whole-genome duplication?

What appears to be the reason for the production of the large Drosophila larvae salivary gland cells?

Which of the following is not a conclusion reached by Mendel?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics,enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Exam 10: The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

________ plays a key role in replicating DNA at the ends of chromosomes.

What kind of DNA sequence makes up from about 20% to more than 80% of the total DNA in a eukaryotic genome,depending on the organism,and includes sequences repeated within the genome a few times to tens of thousands of times?

Which type of enzyme is essential for processes like DNA replication and transcription to prevent excessive supercoiling from developing as the complementary strands of the DNA duplex separate and unwind?

Why is it thought that certain primitive fish diverged from vertebrates before the globin gene was first duplicated?

Why are satellite DNAs separated from the bulk of the genome during density gradient centrifugation?

Describe the effects of trinucleotide repeat expansions on chromosome and protein stability.

Which of the following is a DNA nucleotide?

Which of the following statements was initially a disadvantage of using the fruit fly for genetic studies?

The ends of a polynucleotide chain are the ____ end and the ____ end.

The variety and number of DNA sequence copies in the genome are known as genome _______.

________ refers to the fact that the sequence of one DNA strand specifies the sequence of the other strand in the double helix.

Which of the following is guanosine?

Humans have roughly the same number of protein-coding genes as _________.

What type of DNA sequence in eukaryotes is most like that found in bacteria and viruses?

You isolate DNA from a particular organism and analyze it.The amount of adenine was 6 µmoles and the A+T/G+C ratio is 4.0.How much guanine should be in the sample?

Why would the changes that accumulate in corresponding genes from distantly related organisms be predominantly those that preserve the amino acid sequence?

What does it mean if portions of the noncoding regions of the genome are conserved?

What evidence supports the Ohno suggestion about vertebrate evolution from ancestral invertebrates by whole-genome duplication?

What appears to be the reason for the production of the large Drosophila larvae salivary gland cells?

Which of the following is not a conclusion reached by Mendel?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics,enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

The ends of a polynucleotide chain are the end and the end.