Question 1

Which genetic phenomenon below involves the conversion of specific nucleotides to other nucleotides after RNA has been transcribed?

Accepted Answer

A) translational frameshifting 
B) termination codon readthrough 
C) mRNA editing 
D) alternative translation initiation 
E) translational bypassing 
A) translational frameshifting 
B) termination codon readthrough 
C) mRNA editing 
D) alternative translation initiation 
E) translational bypassing C

Question 2

You are interpreting data on a DNA chip or microarray.You expose the chip to a mixture of two cDNA populations: one from cells that were not treated with a glucocorticoid hormone (untreated controls; labeled with a red fluorescent dye)and a population from cells that were treated with glucocorticoid hormones (glucocorticoid-treated; labeled with green fluorescent dye).You look at a spot on the chip representing the gene for phosphoenolase,a gene that is turned off by glucocorticoid treatment,but is expressed in control,untreated cells.What color should the spot representing the phosphoenolase gene be?

Accepted Answer

A) red 
B) green 
C) yellow 
D) no color,the spot is not labeled 
E) brown 
A) red 
B) green 
C) yellow 
D) no color,the spot is not labeled 
E) brown A

Question 3

$\beta$-galactosidase is encoded by the ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) y gene of the lac operon 
B) z gene of the lac operon 
C) a gene of the lac operon 
D) y gene of the trp operon 
E) z gene of the trp operon 
A) y gene of the lac operon 
B) z gene of the lac operon 
C) a gene of the lac operon 
D) y gene of the trp operon 
E) z gene of the trp operon B

Question 4

A complex of exonucleases that degrades mRNAs is called the ______.

Accepted Answer

A) endosome 
B) execrosome 
C) exosome 
D) enterosome 
E) edusome 
A) endosome 
B) execrosome 
C) exosome 
D) enterosome 
E) edusome

Question 5

_______ mRNAs are preferentially localized at the anterior end of a fruit fly larva; ______ mRNAs are preferentially localized at the opposite or posterior end of the larva.

Accepted Answer

A) Bicoid,oskar 
B) Oskar,bicoid 
C) Bicoid,staufen 
D) Staufen,bicoid 
E) Oskar,staufen 
A) Bicoid,oskar 
B) Oskar,bicoid 
C) Bicoid,staufen 
D) Staufen,bicoid 
E) Oskar,staufen

Question 6

When DNA-binding proteins are removed from immunoprecipitated DNA sequences and the DNA fragments precipitated by the antibody are subsequently sequenced directly to determine the genomic sites bound,the technique is called __________.

Accepted Answer

A) Hip-chip 
B) ChIP-chip 
C) ChIP-seq 
D) chromatin immunoprecipitation 
E) ChIP 
A) Hip-chip 
B) ChIP-chip 
C) ChIP-seq 
D) chromatin immunoprecipitation 
E) ChIP

Question 7

What is the advantage of the highly condensed state of the DNA of mitotic chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

A) This state allows gene expression needed during mitosis. 
B) The highly condensed state favors delivery of an intact package of DNA to each daughter cell. 
C) The condensed state allows chromosomes to fuse more easily. 
D) The condensed state allows replication to occur more rapidly as the cell enters mitosis. 
E) The condensed state favors DNA repair prior to mitosis. 
A) This state allows gene expression needed during mitosis. 
B) The highly condensed state favors delivery of an intact package of DNA to each daughter cell. 
C) The condensed state allows chromosomes to fuse more easily. 
D) The condensed state allows replication to occur more rapidly as the cell enters mitosis. 
E) The condensed state favors DNA repair prior to mitosis.

Question 8

What is the name of the proteins that make up the nuclear lamina and of what protein superfamily are they a member?

Accepted Answer

A) lamins,laminins 
B) lamins,intermediate filaments 
C) keratin,intermediate filaments 
D) keratin,laminins 
E) actin,microfilaments 
A) lamins,laminins 
B) lamins,intermediate filaments 
C) keratin,intermediate filaments 
D) keratin,laminins 
E) actin,microfilaments

Question 9

If cells cannot replicate the ends of their DNA,what should happen with each round of cell division?

Accepted Answer

A) The chromosomes should stay exactly the same length. 
B) The chromosomes should get longer. 
C) The mitotic spindle will shrink. 
D) The chromosomes should get shorter. 
E) The chromosomes should denature. 
A) The chromosomes should stay exactly the same length. 
B) The chromosomes should get longer. 
C) The mitotic spindle will shrink. 
D) The chromosomes should get shorter. 
E) The chromosomes should denature.

Question 10

What role are microfilaments thought to play in the localization of oskar and bicoid mRNAs in the fruit fly oocytes?

Accepted Answer

A) They are thought to anchor mRNAs in position after they have arrived at their destination. 
B) They move these mRNAs to their final destination. 
C) They play no role in localization or anchoring the mRNAs in the proper position. 
D) They compress the mRNAs. 
E) They increase the stability of mRNAs. 
A) They are thought to anchor mRNAs in position after they have arrived at their destination. 
B) They move these mRNAs to their final destination. 
C) They play no role in localization or anchoring the mRNAs in the proper position. 
D) They compress the mRNAs. 
E) They increase the stability of mRNAs.

Question 11

A transport receptor that moves macromolecules from the cytoplasm to the nucleus is called a(n)____.

Accepted Answer

A) exhalin 
B) exportin 
C) importin 
D) transportin 
E) receptin 
A) exhalin 
B) exportin 
C) importin 
D) transportin 
E) receptin

Question 12

What kinds of proteins are usually recognized by the cap of a proteasome?

Accepted Answer

A) proteins with a single ubiquitin 
B) naked proteins 
C) precipitated proteins 
D) polyubiquitinated proteins 
E) lysinated proteins 
A) proteins with a single ubiquitin 
B) naked proteins 
C) precipitated proteins 
D) polyubiquitinated proteins 
E) lysinated proteins

Question 13

If an exon is not supposed to be included in the mature mRNA,it must be excised.With what other RNA sequences is it excised?

Accepted Answer

A) the flanking exons 
B) the flanking introns 
C) one flanking exon and one flanking intron 
D) the promoter 
E) the poly(
A) sequence 
A) the flanking exons 
B) the flanking introns 
C) one flanking exon and one flanking intron 
D) the promoter 
E) the poly(
A) sequence

Question 14

The HLH motif is often preceded by a stretch of highly ______ amino acids whose ______ charged side chains contact DNA and determine the transcription factor's sequence specificity.

Accepted Answer

A) basic,positively 
B) basic,negatively 
C) acidic,negatively 
D) acidic,positively 
E) hydrophobic,neutral 
A) basic,positively 
B) basic,negatively 
C) acidic,negatively 
D) acidic,positively 
E) hydrophobic,neutral

Question 15

DNA methylation patterns change during mammalian development.What is the significance of this large-scale epigenetic phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

DNA methylation is associated with gene

Question 16

An unusual stretch of repeated sequences at the tips of a DNA molecule forming a cap at each end of the chromosome is called a ________.

Accepted Answer

A) telomere 
B) chromomere 
C) centromere 
D) telophase 
E) karyomere 
A) telomere 
B) chromomere 
C) centromere 
D) telophase 
E) karyomere

Question 17

What happens if histone H1 is selectively extracted from compacted chromatin (30 nm fibers)?

Accepted Answer

A) 30-nm fibers uncoil to form a thinner,more extended beaded filament. 
B) 30-nm fibers coil to form a thicker,less extended cylindrical filament. 
C) 30-nm fibers completely disassemble to their component nucleotides. 
D) 30-nm fibers break into small fragments. 
E) 30-nm fibers break up into large fragments. 
A) 30-nm fibers uncoil to form a thinner,more extended beaded filament. 
B) 30-nm fibers coil to form a thicker,less extended cylindrical filament. 
C) 30-nm fibers completely disassemble to their component nucleotides. 
D) 30-nm fibers break into small fragments. 
E) 30-nm fibers break up into large fragments.

Question 18

What extends from the termination codon at the end of an mRNA coding region to the end of the poly(A)tail?

Accepted Answer

A) the first intron 
B) the last exon 
C) the 5' UTR 
D) the 3' UTR 
E) the last intron 
A) the first intron 
B) the last exon 
C) the 5' UTR 
D) the 3' UTR 
E) the last intron

Question 19

How short must the poly(A)tail get to cause the mRNA to be degraded rapidly?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 adenosine residue 
B) about 10 adenosine residues 
C) about 100 adenosine residues 
D) about 30 adenosine residues 
E) about 75 adenosine residues 
A) 1 adenosine residue 
B) about 10 adenosine residues 
C) about 100 adenosine residues 
D) about 30 adenosine residues 
E) about 75 adenosine residues

Question 20

Covalent linkage to what small,highly-conserved protein marks proteins for destruction?

Accepted Answer

A) chaperonin 
B) actin 
C) ubiquitin 
D) cyclin 
E) dystrophin 
A) chaperonin 
B) actin 
C) ubiquitin 
D) cyclin 
E) dystrophin

Which genetic phenomenon below involves the conversion of specific nucleotides to other nucleotides after RNA has been transcribed?

$\beta$ -galactosidase is encoded by the ___________.

A complex of exonucleases that degrades mRNAs is called the ______.

_ mRNAs are preferentially localized at the anterior end of a fruit fly larva; mRNAs are preferentially localized at the opposite or posterior end of the larva.

When DNA-binding proteins are removed from immunoprecipitated DNA sequences and the DNA fragments precipitated by the antibody are subsequently sequenced directly to determine the genomic sites bound,the technique is called __________.

What is the advantage of the highly condensed state of the DNA of mitotic chromosomes?

What is the name of the proteins that make up the nuclear lamina and of what protein superfamily are they a member?

If cells cannot replicate the ends of their DNA,what should happen with each round of cell division?

What role are microfilaments thought to play in the localization of oskar and bicoid mRNAs in the fruit fly oocytes?

A transport receptor that moves macromolecules from the cytoplasm to the nucleus is called a(n)____.

What kinds of proteins are usually recognized by the cap of a proteasome?

If an exon is not supposed to be included in the mature mRNA,it must be excised.With what other RNA sequences is it excised?

The HLH motif is often preceded by a stretch of highly amino acids whose charged side chains contact DNA and determine the transcription factor's sequence specificity.

DNA methylation patterns change during mammalian development.What is the significance of this large-scale epigenetic phenomenon?

An unusual stretch of repeated sequences at the tips of a DNA molecule forming a cap at each end of the chromosome is called a ________.

What happens if histone H1 is selectively extracted from compacted chromatin (30 nm fibers)?

What extends from the termination codon at the end of an mRNA coding region to the end of the poly(A)tail?

How short must the poly(A)tail get to cause the mRNA to be degraded rapidly?

Covalent linkage to what small,highly-conserved protein marks proteins for destruction?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics,enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Exam 12: Control of Gene Expression

Which genetic phenomenon below involves the conversion of specific nucleotides to other nucleotides after RNA has been transcribed?

β\betaβ -galactosidase is encoded by the ___________.

A complex of exonucleases that degrades mRNAs is called the ______.

_______ mRNAs are preferentially localized at the anterior end of a fruit fly larva; ______ mRNAs are preferentially localized at the opposite or posterior end of the larva.

When DNA-binding proteins are removed from immunoprecipitated DNA sequences and the DNA fragments precipitated by the antibody are subsequently sequenced directly to determine the genomic sites bound,the technique is called __________.

What is the advantage of the highly condensed state of the DNA of mitotic chromosomes?

What is the name of the proteins that make up the nuclear lamina and of what protein superfamily are they a member?

If cells cannot replicate the ends of their DNA,what should happen with each round of cell division?

What role are microfilaments thought to play in the localization of oskar and bicoid mRNAs in the fruit fly oocytes?

A transport receptor that moves macromolecules from the cytoplasm to the nucleus is called a(n)____.

What kinds of proteins are usually recognized by the cap of a proteasome?

If an exon is not supposed to be included in the mature mRNA,it must be excised.With what other RNA sequences is it excised?

The HLH motif is often preceded by a stretch of highly ______ amino acids whose ______ charged side chains contact DNA and determine the transcription factor's sequence specificity.

DNA methylation patterns change during mammalian development.What is the significance of this large-scale epigenetic phenomenon?

An unusual stretch of repeated sequences at the tips of a DNA molecule forming a cap at each end of the chromosome is called a ________.

What happens if histone H1 is selectively extracted from compacted chromatin (30 nm fibers)?

What extends from the termination codon at the end of an mRNA coding region to the end of the poly(A)tail?

How short must the poly(A)tail get to cause the mRNA to be degraded rapidly?

Covalent linkage to what small,highly-conserved protein marks proteins for destruction?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics,enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

$\beta$ -galactosidase is encoded by the ___________.

_ mRNAs are preferentially localized at the anterior end of a fruit fly larva; mRNAs are preferentially localized at the opposite or posterior end of the larva.

The HLH motif is often preceded by a stretch of highly amino acids whose charged side chains contact DNA and determine the transcription factor's sequence specificity.