Exam 7: The First Two Years: Psychosocial Development

According to contemporary research on temperament, the three dimensions of temperament include: effortful control, _______, and exuberance.

One-year-old Morris is playing in the living room with his father. Suddenly, loud music blares from the apartment next door. Using the concept of "social referencing," explain how Morris will respond. Be sure to include what will determine if Morris reacts negatively or positively to the sudden noise.

Which statement about infants' emotional development is true?

Allocare refers to the care of children by _____.

Identify four emotions that require social awareness. From where does social awareness typically emerge? What role does culture play in the development of self-awareness? Provide an example contrasting North American and Asian American families.

Briefly discuss three predictors of secure attachment in infants.

Which of the following children is illustrating characteristics of a secure attachment?

As an infant, Yuri participated in a study of attachment. According to her behavior in the Strange Situation, Yuri was classified as "______." Today, she tends to be a loner, aloof in personal relationships, and feels isolated from others.

The coordinated interaction between caregiver and infant is called "_____."

Vinny was classified as a securely attached baby many years ago. As an adult, Vinny has supportive relationships and positive ______.

Infants as young as 6 months of age seem capable of expressing anger.

The proximity-seeking and contact-maintaining behaviors of the 12-month-old infant are evidenced by the affectionate tie that Ainsworth called "_____."

When a father makes a silly face and his infant widens her eyes in surprise, there is evidence of synchrony.

Compare the behaviorist and psychoanalytic perspectives on early childhood personality development.

When playing with their children, fathers are more likely than mothers to _____.

Tang is a 3-month-old infant. Which of the following behaviors has probably just appeared?

In a cross-cultural study examining child-rearing practices, researchers found that toddlers with _____ mothers were more obedient but less self-aware than toddlers with distal mothers.

Abed is 12 months old, and his uncle Frank is visiting for the first time in 6 months. Frank is delighted to see his nephew, so as he enters the room, he booms, "There's my little man!" Abed looks to his mother, who is smiling broadly at her brother Frank, and crawls to her to be picked up. Abed is demonstrating _____.

Separation anxiety and stranger wariness are two kinds of ____ in infancy and toddlerhood.

According to Erikson, the central crisis of toddlerhood is _____ versus shame and doubt.