Question 1

The human genome:

Accepted Answer

A)  is the complete map of the DNA in the human organism. 
B)  contains 23 pairs of genes. 
C)  is almost identical to that of primates and contains approximately 250,000 kinds of chromosomes. 
D)  contains 250,000 protein-coding genes. 
A)  is the complete map of the DNA in the human organism. 
B)  contains 23 pairs of genes. 
C)  is almost identical to that of primates and contains approximately 250,000 kinds of chromosomes. 
D)  contains 250,000 protein-coding genes.

Question 2

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, there are _____ levels of moral reasoning, and each level has _____ stages that represent different degrees of sophistication in moral reasoning.

Accepted Answer

A)  three; two 
B)  eight; two 
C)  four; three 
D)  two; three 
A)  three; two 
B)  eight; two 
C)  four; three 
D)  two; three

Question 3

Which of the following statements is (are) FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The number of unmarried couples living together increased dramatically at the end of the twentieth century. 
B)  More than 30 percent of children are being raised by a single parent. 
C)  More than half of first marriages end in divorce, and remarrying and starting a second family later in life is not uncommon. 
D)  Among married couples, virtually none are opting for a child-free life together. 
A)  The number of unmarried couples living together increased dramatically at the end of the twentieth century. 
B)  More than 30 percent of children are being raised by a single parent. 
C)  More than half of first marriages end in divorce, and remarrying and starting a second family later in life is not uncommon. 
D)  Among married couples, virtually none are opting for a child-free life together.

Question 4

According to the Focus on Neuroscience box "Boosting the Aging Brain," aerobic exercise resulted in a 2 percent increase in hippocampal volume in older adults over a one-year period.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Trina is seven months old. If she is like most children in terms of language production, she will:

Accepted Answer

A)  have already said her first real word. 
B)  be capable of using two words in combination. 
C)  be able to use two syllables with repetition of the first, such as "ma-ma" or "da-da." 
D)  be capable of speaking fluent motherese. 
A)  have already said her first real word. 
B)  be capable of using two words in combination. 
C)  be able to use two syllables with repetition of the first, such as "ma-ma" or "da-da." 
D)  be capable of speaking fluent motherese.

Question 6

Researchers at State University are conducting a meta-analysis of studies on gender differences in moral reasoning. If their results are consistent with previous research, they are likely to find that:

Accepted Answer

A)  men and women have entirely different approaches to moral reasoning. 
B)  there are only slight differences in male and female responses to moral dilemmas, and both males and females use a mix of justice and care perspectives. 
C)  men, more than women, tend to stress the importance of maintaining interpersonal relationships and responding to the needs of others. 
D)  moral reasoning predicts moral behavior for women but not for men. 
A)  men and women have entirely different approaches to moral reasoning. 
B)  there are only slight differences in male and female responses to moral dilemmas, and both males and females use a mix of justice and care perspectives. 
C)  men, more than women, tend to stress the importance of maintaining interpersonal relationships and responding to the needs of others. 
D)  moral reasoning predicts moral behavior for women but not for men.

Question 7

Seven-year-old Amy demonstrates logical thinking when she plays checkers with her father, but she has some difficulty thinking logically about hypothetical situations or abstract ideas. Amy is most likely in the _____ stage of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

A)  sensorimotor 
B)  preoperational 
C)  concrete operational 
D)  formal operational 
A)  sensorimotor 
B)  preoperational 
C)  concrete operational 
D)  formal operational

Question 8

Piaget's classic conservation task involves two short containers that contain equal amounts of liquid. While a child watches, the water from one container is poured into a tall, thin beaker. The child is asked which beaker holds more water, the short container or the tall container. Four-year-old Daniel answers the question incorrectly, while seven-year-old Emily is able to answer the question correctly. Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  Daniel is in the preoperational stage, while Emily is in the concrete operational stage. 
B)  Girls progress through the stages of cognitive development earlier and faster than boys do. 
C)  Emily is in the formal operational stage, and Daniel is in the concrete operational stage. 
D)  Daniel is in the sensorimotor stage, and Emily is in the preoperational stage. 
A)  Daniel is in the preoperational stage, while Emily is in the concrete operational stage. 
B)  Girls progress through the stages of cognitive development earlier and faster than boys do. 
C)  Emily is in the formal operational stage, and Daniel is in the concrete operational stage. 
D)  Daniel is in the sensorimotor stage, and Emily is in the preoperational stage.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a valid criticism of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stages of cognitive development are less universal than Piaget believed. 
B)  Piaget underestimated the cognitive abilities of infants. 
C)  Piaget underestimated the impact of cultural influences on cognitive development. 
D)  Researchers have been unable to replicate most of Piaget's observations or findings. 
A)  Stages of cognitive development are less universal than Piaget believed. 
B)  Piaget underestimated the cognitive abilities of infants. 
C)  Piaget underestimated the impact of cultural influences on cognitive development. 
D)  Researchers have been unable to replicate most of Piaget's observations or findings.

Question 10

In the United States today, the median age at first marriage is the same for both men and women.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Pat describes Terry as "very masculine" because Terry is confident, active, and physically strong. Pat is referring to Terry's:

Accepted Answer

A)  sex. 
B)  gender role. 
C)  gender identity. 
D)  gender schema. 
A)  sex. 
B)  gender role. 
C)  gender identity. 
D)  gender schema.

Question 12

Sid is seriously ill, and his doctor has warned him that his chances of survival are not good. When Sid's wife visits him in the hospital, Sid tells her that he is feeling much better and expects to be home in a couple of days and back to work in a matter of weeks. According to Kübler-Ross's model of dying, Sid is in which stage of the dying process?

Accepted Answer

A)  depression 
B)  denial 
C)  bargaining 
D)  anxiety 
A)  depression 
B)  denial 
C)  bargaining 
D)  anxiety

Question 13

According to the In Focus box "Hooking Up on Campus," the term casual sex refers to sexual intercourse, with or without an emotional or friendly relationship.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following represents the correct order of the four psychosocial conflicts that characterize the adolescent and adult years in Erikson's theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  identity versus role confusion, generativity versus stagnation, intimacy versus isolation, ego integrity versus despair 
B)  identity versus role confusion, intimacy versus isolation, generativity versus stagnation, ego integrity versus despair 
C)  intimacy versus isolation, identity versus role confusion, generativity versus stagnation, ego integrity versus despair 
D)  industry versus inferiority, identity versus role confusion, generativity versus stagnation, ego integrity versus despair 
A)  identity versus role confusion, generativity versus stagnation, intimacy versus isolation, ego integrity versus despair 
B)  identity versus role confusion, intimacy versus isolation, generativity versus stagnation, ego integrity versus despair 
C)  intimacy versus isolation, identity versus role confusion, generativity versus stagnation, ego integrity versus despair 
D)  industry versus inferiority, identity versus role confusion, generativity versus stagnation, ego integrity versus despair

Question 15

_____ refers to the cultural, social, and psychological meanings that are associated with masculinity or femininity.

Accepted Answer

A)  Sex 
B)  Gender schema 
C)  Gender 
D)  Gender identity 
A)  Sex 
B)  Gender schema 
C)  Gender 
D)  Gender identity

Question 16

_____ is to understanding as _____ is to speaking.

Accepted Answer

A)  Production vocabulary; comprehension vocabulary 
B)  Parent-directed speech; infant-directed speech 
C)  Comprehension vocabulary; production vocabulary 
D)  Infant-directed speech; parent-directed speech 
A)  Production vocabulary; comprehension vocabulary 
B)  Parent-directed speech; infant-directed speech 
C)  Comprehension vocabulary; production vocabulary 
D)  Infant-directed speech; parent-directed speech

Question 17

Genes make up _____ of human DNA.

Accepted Answer

A)  99.9 percent 
B)  about 20 to 25 percent 
C)  less than 2 percent 
D)  about 60 percent 
A)  99.9 percent 
B)  about 20 to 25 percent 
C)  less than 2 percent 
D)  about 60 percent

Question 18

The theory that gender-role development is influenced by the formation of mental representations of masculinity and femininity is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  social learning theory. 
B)  evolutionary theory. 
C)  social identity theory. 
D)  gender schema theory. 
A)  social learning theory. 
B)  evolutionary theory. 
C)  social identity theory. 
D)  gender schema theory.

Question 19

The stage that marks the transition between late childhood and the beginning of adulthood is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  adolescence. 
B)  middle age. 
C)  egocentrism. 
D)  centration. 
A)  adolescence. 
B)  middle age. 
C)  egocentrism. 
D)  centration.

Question 20

Cells that have mutated or spontaneously changed during transmission from one generation to the next are called stem cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

The human genome:

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, there are _ levels of moral reasoning, and each level has _ stages that represent different degrees of sophistication in moral reasoning.

Which of the following statements is (are) FALSE?

According to the Focus on Neuroscience box "Boosting the Aging Brain," aerobic exercise resulted in a 2 percent increase in hippocampal volume in older adults over a one-year period.

Trina is seven months old. If she is like most children in terms of language production, she will:

Researchers at State University are conducting a meta-analysis of studies on gender differences in moral reasoning. If their results are consistent with previous research, they are likely to find that:

Seven-year-old Amy demonstrates logical thinking when she plays checkers with her father, but she has some difficulty thinking logically about hypothetical situations or abstract ideas. Amy is most likely in the _____ stage of cognitive development.

Which of the following is NOT a valid criticism of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

In the United States today, the median age at first marriage is the same for both men and women.

Pat describes Terry as "very masculine" because Terry is confident, active, and physically strong. Pat is referring to Terry's:

According to the In Focus box "Hooking Up on Campus," the term casual sex refers to sexual intercourse, with or without an emotional or friendly relationship.

Which of the following represents the correct order of the four psychosocial conflicts that characterize the adolescent and adult years in Erikson's theory?

_____ refers to the cultural, social, and psychological meanings that are associated with masculinity or femininity.

_ is to understanding as _ is to speaking.

Genes make up _____ of human DNA.

The theory that gender-role development is influenced by the formation of mental representations of masculinity and femininity is called:

The stage that marks the transition between late childhood and the beginning of adulthood is called:

Cells that have mutated or spontaneously changed during transmission from one generation to the next are called stem cells.

Introduction and Research Methods

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness and Its Variations

Learning

Memory

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Personality

Social Psychology

Stress, Health, and Coping

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Filters

Exam 9: Lifespan Development

The human genome:

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, there are _____ levels of moral reasoning, and each level has _____ stages that represent different degrees of sophistication in moral reasoning.

Which of the following statements is (are) FALSE?

According to the Focus on Neuroscience box "Boosting the Aging Brain," aerobic exercise resulted in a 2 percent increase in hippocampal volume in older adults over a one-year period.

Trina is seven months old. If she is like most children in terms of language production, she will:

Researchers at State University are conducting a meta-analysis of studies on gender differences in moral reasoning. If their results are consistent with previous research, they are likely to find that:

Seven-year-old Amy demonstrates logical thinking when she plays checkers with her father, but she has some difficulty thinking logically about hypothetical situations or abstract ideas. Amy is most likely in the _____ stage of cognitive development.

Which of the following is NOT a valid criticism of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

In the United States today, the median age at first marriage is the same for both men and women.

Pat describes Terry as "very masculine" because Terry is confident, active, and physically strong. Pat is referring to Terry's:

According to the In Focus box "Hooking Up on Campus," the term casual sex refers to sexual intercourse, with or without an emotional or friendly relationship.

Which of the following represents the correct order of the four psychosocial conflicts that characterize the adolescent and adult years in Erikson's theory?

_____ refers to the cultural, social, and psychological meanings that are associated with masculinity or femininity.

_____ is to understanding as _____ is to speaking.

Genes make up _____ of human DNA.

The theory that gender-role development is influenced by the formation of mental representations of masculinity and femininity is called:

The stage that marks the transition between late childhood and the beginning of adulthood is called:

Cells that have mutated or spontaneously changed during transmission from one generation to the next are called stem cells.

Introduction and Research Methods

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness and Its Variations

Learning

Memory

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Personality

Social Psychology

Stress, Health, and Coping

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Filters

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, there are _ levels of moral reasoning, and each level has _ stages that represent different degrees of sophistication in moral reasoning.

_ is to understanding as _ is to speaking.