Question 1

In late adulthood, neurons appear to become _____ at communicating with one another, and this seems to result in _____ cognitive performance.

Accepted Answer

A)  less efficient; slowed 
B)  more efficient; faster 
C)  less efficient; faster 
D)  more efficient; slowed 
A)  less efficient; slowed 
B)  more efficient; faster 
C)  less efficient; faster 
D)  more efficient; slowed

Question 2

Early maturation tends to produce a variety of psychological and health advantages for girls.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

A group of five-year-olds is shown pictures of children engaged in activities that violate common gender stereotypes, such as girls playing with toy vehicles and boys playing with dolls. If the group of children is questioned a few days later, gender schema theory would predict that they:

Accepted Answer

A)  will not remember having seen any pictures. 
B)  will accurately recall that the boys were playing with dolls and the girls with trucks and cars. 
C)  will tend to recall having seen the boys playing with trucks and cars and the girls playing with dolls. 
D)  will tend to recall having seen pictures of dinosaurs, cartoon characters, and TV animals, such as Big Bird and Barney. 
A)  will not remember having seen any pictures. 
B)  will accurately recall that the boys were playing with dolls and the girls with trucks and cars. 
C)  will tend to recall having seen the boys playing with trucks and cars and the girls playing with dolls. 
D)  will tend to recall having seen pictures of dinosaurs, cartoon characters, and TV animals, such as Big Bird and Barney.

Question 4

Drs. Kreb and Denton have criticized Kohlberg's theory of moral development, pointing out that the most important limitation of the theory is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  because of the process of pruning during adolescence, the vast majority of young people do not have enough white matter in the prefrontal cortex to develop the capacity for moral reasoning. 
B)  it is biased by its emphasis on the ethic of care and responsibility rather than the ethic of individual rights and justice. 
C)  moral reasoning doesn't always predict moral behavior; people don't necessarily respond to real-life dilemmas in the same way that they do to hypothetical dilemmas that are used to test moral reasoning. 
D)  moral reasoning is not operationally defined, and it is therefore difficult to conduct empirical research on the topic. 
A)  because of the process of pruning during adolescence, the vast majority of young people do not have enough white matter in the prefrontal cortex to develop the capacity for moral reasoning. 
B)  it is biased by its emphasis on the ethic of care and responsibility rather than the ethic of individual rights and justice. 
C)  moral reasoning doesn't always predict moral behavior; people don't necessarily respond to real-life dilemmas in the same way that they do to hypothetical dilemmas that are used to test moral reasoning. 
D)  moral reasoning is not operationally defined, and it is therefore difficult to conduct empirical research on the topic.

Question 5

Humans carry all of the genes necessary to develop a tail, but we typically don't develop tails because those genes are never activated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

_____ proposed that each stage of the lifespan is associated with a particular psychosocial conflict that needs to be resolved.

Accepted Answer

A)  Mary D. Salter Ainsworth 
B)  Erik Erikson 
C)  Noam Chomsky 
D)  Jean Piaget 
A)  Mary D. Salter Ainsworth 
B)  Erik Erikson 
C)  Noam Chomsky 
D)  Jean Piaget

Question 7

In Kohlberg's theory of the development of moral reasoning, the conventional level is characterized by self-chosen ethical principles that reflect the person's respect for ideals such as nonviolence, equality, and democratically determined laws.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Jean Piaget believed that cognitive development unfolded according to a biologically programmed sequence that was the same for children in every culture.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

According to the In Focus box "Hooking Up on Campus," the term hooking up refers to casual sexual intercourse, but with the expectation of future interactions and eventually a committed relationship.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Discuss the physical changes in both men and women that take place in adulthood.

Accepted Answer

In adulthood, both men and women experie

Question 11

According to the Critical Thinking box, "The Effects of Child Care on Attachment and Development," more than _____ children under the age of five in the United States are in some type of child care.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 million 
B)  3 million 
C)  6 million 
D)  11 million 
A)  1 million 
B)  3 million 
C)  6 million 
D)  11 million

Question 12

The beginning of dating coincides more strongly with _____ than with _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  parents' rules about dating; an adolescent's desire to start dating 
B)  an adolescent's desire to start dating; parents' rules about dating 
C)  an adolescent's degree of physical maturation; cultural and social expectations and norms 
D)  cultural and social expectations and norms; an adolescent's degree of physical maturation 
A)  parents' rules about dating; an adolescent's desire to start dating 
B)  an adolescent's desire to start dating; parents' rules about dating 
C)  an adolescent's degree of physical maturation; cultural and social expectations and norms 
D)  cultural and social expectations and norms; an adolescent's degree of physical maturation

Question 13

Each chromosome contains exactly 23 pairs of genes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Kohlberg and his colleagues eventually dropped stage 6 from his theory of moral reasoning because longitudinal research showed that none of the participants showed stage 6 moral reasoning and that clear-cut expressions of "universal moral principles" are very rare.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Research has clearly shown that by early and middle childhood there are few, if any, long-term effects of being securely or insecurely attached during infancy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Although male and female infants are virtually indistinguishable in terms of size, appearance, and behavior:

Accepted Answer

A)  they are treated very differently from the moment of birth. 
B)  they are typically dressed identically during the first year to avoid gender-role stereotyping. 
C)  "color coding" is rarely used until after the first year because it would confuse the infants regarding their gender identity. 
D)  most parents cross-dress their infants to avoid later accusations of sexist behavior. 
A)  they are treated very differently from the moment of birth. 
B)  they are typically dressed identically during the first year to avoid gender-role stereotyping. 
C)  "color coding" is rarely used until after the first year because it would confuse the infants regarding their gender identity. 
D)  most parents cross-dress their infants to avoid later accusations of sexist behavior.

Question 17

Whenever Julie played with toy vehicles or blocks, her mother would be very disapproving. Whenever she played with dolls and domestic toys, her mother would smile and praise her. As Julie grew up, she played less and less with "boys'" toys and more and more with dolls, dollhouses, and domestic accessories. This description of gender-role development exemplifies:

Accepted Answer

A)  social learning theory. 
B)  evolutionary theory. 
C)  gender schema theory. 
D)  gender identity theory. 
A)  social learning theory. 
B)  evolutionary theory. 
C)  gender schema theory. 
D)  gender identity theory.

Question 18

In regard to physical development in infancy and childhood, describe the cephalocaudal and proximodistal trends.

Accepted Answer

During infancy and childhood, physical d

Question 19

Linda is trying to select a high-quality day care center for her two-year-old daughter. Which of the following day-care characteristics is NOT associated with high-quality care?

Accepted Answer

A)  A low caregiver-to-child ratio should exist. 
B)  The daycare center should provide developmentally appropriate learning materials and toys that offer interesting, safe, and achievable activities. 
C)  Caregivers should be warm, responsive, and well-trained. 
D)  Caregivers should frequently be reassigned to different groups of children, so that children do not become overly attached to a particular caregiver. 
A)  A low caregiver-to-child ratio should exist. 
B)  The daycare center should provide developmentally appropriate learning materials and toys that offer interesting, safe, and achievable activities. 
C)  Caregivers should be warm, responsive, and well-trained. 
D)  Caregivers should frequently be reassigned to different groups of children, so that children do not become overly attached to a particular caregiver.

Question 20

Mark and Mathew are identical twins who developed from a single zygote and share identical DNA. Nevertheless, as they develop, differences in physical and psychological characteristics become evident. These differences are due to:

Accepted Answer

A)  each twin's unique genetic blueprint. 
B)  the pruning of unused neurons in each child's brain. 
C)  allele variation. 
D)  epigenetic change. 
A)  each twin's unique genetic blueprint. 
B)  the pruning of unused neurons in each child's brain. 
C)  allele variation. 
D)  epigenetic change.

In late adulthood, neurons appear to become _ at communicating with one another, and this seems to result in _ cognitive performance.

Early maturation tends to produce a variety of psychological and health advantages for girls.

A group of five-year-olds is shown pictures of children engaged in activities that violate common gender stereotypes, such as girls playing with toy vehicles and boys playing with dolls. If the group of children is questioned a few days later, gender schema theory would predict that they:

Drs. Kreb and Denton have criticized Kohlberg's theory of moral development, pointing out that the most important limitation of the theory is that:

Humans carry all of the genes necessary to develop a tail, but we typically don't develop tails because those genes are never activated.

_____ proposed that each stage of the lifespan is associated with a particular psychosocial conflict that needs to be resolved.

In Kohlberg's theory of the development of moral reasoning, the conventional level is characterized by self-chosen ethical principles that reflect the person's respect for ideals such as nonviolence, equality, and democratically determined laws.

Jean Piaget believed that cognitive development unfolded according to a biologically programmed sequence that was the same for children in every culture.

According to the In Focus box "Hooking Up on Campus," the term hooking up refers to casual sexual intercourse, but with the expectation of future interactions and eventually a committed relationship.

Discuss the physical changes in both men and women that take place in adulthood.

According to the Critical Thinking box, "The Effects of Child Care on Attachment and Development," more than _____ children under the age of five in the United States are in some type of child care.

The beginning of dating coincides more strongly with _ than with _.

Each chromosome contains exactly 23 pairs of genes.

Kohlberg and his colleagues eventually dropped stage 6 from his theory of moral reasoning because longitudinal research showed that none of the participants showed stage 6 moral reasoning and that clear-cut expressions of "universal moral principles" are very rare.

Research has clearly shown that by early and middle childhood there are few, if any, long-term effects of being securely or insecurely attached during infancy.

Although male and female infants are virtually indistinguishable in terms of size, appearance, and behavior:

In regard to physical development in infancy and childhood, describe the cephalocaudal and proximodistal trends.

Linda is trying to select a high-quality day care center for her two-year-old daughter. Which of the following day-care characteristics is NOT associated with high-quality care?

Mark and Mathew are identical twins who developed from a single zygote and share identical DNA. Nevertheless, as they develop, differences in physical and psychological characteristics become evident. These differences are due to:

Introduction and Research Methods

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness and Its Variations

Learning

Memory

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Personality

Social Psychology

Stress, Health, and Coping

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Filters

Exam 9: Lifespan Development

In late adulthood, neurons appear to become _____ at communicating with one another, and this seems to result in _____ cognitive performance.

Early maturation tends to produce a variety of psychological and health advantages for girls.

A group of five-year-olds is shown pictures of children engaged in activities that violate common gender stereotypes, such as girls playing with toy vehicles and boys playing with dolls. If the group of children is questioned a few days later, gender schema theory would predict that they:

Drs. Kreb and Denton have criticized Kohlberg's theory of moral development, pointing out that the most important limitation of the theory is that:

Humans carry all of the genes necessary to develop a tail, but we typically don't develop tails because those genes are never activated.

_____ proposed that each stage of the lifespan is associated with a particular psychosocial conflict that needs to be resolved.

In Kohlberg's theory of the development of moral reasoning, the conventional level is characterized by self-chosen ethical principles that reflect the person's respect for ideals such as nonviolence, equality, and democratically determined laws.

Jean Piaget believed that cognitive development unfolded according to a biologically programmed sequence that was the same for children in every culture.

According to the In Focus box "Hooking Up on Campus," the term hooking up refers to casual sexual intercourse, but with the expectation of future interactions and eventually a committed relationship.

Discuss the physical changes in both men and women that take place in adulthood.

According to the Critical Thinking box, "The Effects of Child Care on Attachment and Development," more than _____ children under the age of five in the United States are in some type of child care.

The beginning of dating coincides more strongly with _____ than with _____.

Each chromosome contains exactly 23 pairs of genes.

Kohlberg and his colleagues eventually dropped stage 6 from his theory of moral reasoning because longitudinal research showed that none of the participants showed stage 6 moral reasoning and that clear-cut expressions of "universal moral principles" are very rare.

Research has clearly shown that by early and middle childhood there are few, if any, long-term effects of being securely or insecurely attached during infancy.

Although male and female infants are virtually indistinguishable in terms of size, appearance, and behavior:

In regard to physical development in infancy and childhood, describe the cephalocaudal and proximodistal trends.

Linda is trying to select a high-quality day care center for her two-year-old daughter. Which of the following day-care characteristics is NOT associated with high-quality care?

Mark and Mathew are identical twins who developed from a single zygote and share identical DNA. Nevertheless, as they develop, differences in physical and psychological characteristics become evident. These differences are due to:

Introduction and Research Methods

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness and Its Variations

Learning

Memory

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Personality

Social Psychology

Stress, Health, and Coping

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Filters

In late adulthood, neurons appear to become _ at communicating with one another, and this seems to result in _ cognitive performance.

The beginning of dating coincides more strongly with _ than with _.