Question 1

The theory that gender roles are acquired through the basic processes of learning, including reinforcement, punishment, and modeling, is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  gender schema theory. 
B)  social learning theory. 
C)  gender identity theory. 
D)  evolutionary theory. 
A)  gender schema theory. 
B)  social learning theory. 
C)  gender identity theory. 
D)  evolutionary theory.

Question 2

Kohlberg and his colleagues eventually dropped stage 6 from his theory of moral reasoning because:

Accepted Answer

A)  longitudinal research showed that none of the participants showed stage 6 moral reasoning, and clear-cut expressions of "universal moral principles" are very rare. 
B)  other researchers, such as Carol Gilligan, argued that stage 6 was more typical of male moral reasoning and did not reflect how females reasoned. 
C)  the longitudinal research needed to support stage 6 moral reasoning in Kohlberg's theory was never carried out. 
D)  other researchers, such as Carol Gilligan, argued that stage 6 was more typical of female moral reasoning and did not reflect how males reasoned. 
A)  longitudinal research showed that none of the participants showed stage 6 moral reasoning, and clear-cut expressions of "universal moral principles" are very rare. 
B)  other researchers, such as Carol Gilligan, argued that stage 6 was more typical of male moral reasoning and did not reflect how females reasoned. 
C)  the longitudinal research needed to support stage 6 moral reasoning in Kohlberg's theory was never carried out. 
D)  other researchers, such as Carol Gilligan, argued that stage 6 was more typical of female moral reasoning and did not reflect how males reasoned.

Question 3

Mr. Lester and Mr. Vann are next-door neighbors. Both Mr. Lester and Mr. Vann live alone, both are 75, and both are in good physical health. Mr. Lester spends most of his time watching television and rarely leaves his house. Mr. Vann reads many books and magazines, walks every day, works as a volunteer at the local library, and frequently plays penny poker with some friends. Based on this information, you can predict that:

Accepted Answer

A)  Mr. Lester and Mr. Vann are likely to experience the same level of decline in mental abilities, since both are the same age. 
B)  Mr. Lester is likely to experience less of a decline in mental abilities than Mr. Vann, because Mr. Lester conserves his strength and is less likely to get sick. 
C)  Because he remains mentally and physically active, Mr. Vann is less likely than Mr. Lester to experience a decline in mental abilities. 
D)  Mr. Vann's multiple roles may increase the level of stress that he experiences. 
A)  Mr. Lester and Mr. Vann are likely to experience the same level of decline in mental abilities, since both are the same age. 
B)  Mr. Lester is likely to experience less of a decline in mental abilities than Mr. Vann, because Mr. Lester conserves his strength and is less likely to get sick. 
C)  Because he remains mentally and physically active, Mr. Vann is less likely than Mr. Lester to experience a decline in mental abilities. 
D)  Mr. Vann's multiple roles may increase the level of stress that he experiences.

Question 4

When parents are consistently warm and responsive to their infant, the infant is likely to develop a(n) _____ attachment to the parents; when parents neglect the infant, are inconsistent, or insensitive to the infant's needs, the infant is likely to develop a(n) _____ attachment to the parents.

Accepted Answer

A)  easy; difficult 
B)  insecure; secure 
C)  familiar; strange 
D)  secure; insecure 
A)  easy; difficult 
B)  insecure; secure 
C)  familiar; strange 
D)  secure; insecure

Question 5

According to attachment theory:

Accepted Answer

A)  the quality of attachment plays an important role in determining an infant's ability to thrive physically and psychologically. 
B)  attachment can be formed only between the infant and his or her mother. 
C)  the infant can form multiple attachment relationships, but only the mother-infant relationship is important. 
D)  while the attachment bond is important to psychological development, it has no effect on the infant's physical development. 
A)  the quality of attachment plays an important role in determining an infant's ability to thrive physically and psychologically. 
B)  attachment can be formed only between the infant and his or her mother. 
C)  the infant can form multiple attachment relationships, but only the mother-infant relationship is important. 
D)  while the attachment bond is important to psychological development, it has no effect on the infant's physical development.

Question 6

Overall, researchers have found that the _____ style of parenting is associated with children who are well-adjusted, competent, receive higher grades, and are less likely than their peers to get into trouble.

Accepted Answer

A)  authoritarian 
B)  permissive-indulgent 
C)  permissive-indifferent 
D)  authoritative 
A)  authoritarian 
B)  permissive-indulgent 
C)  permissive-indifferent 
D)  authoritative

Question 7

Which stage of lifespan development is not universal and only exists in industrialized or postindustrial countries?

Accepted Answer

A)  middle adulthood 
B)  adolescence 
C)  emerging adulthood 
D)  late adulthood 
A)  middle adulthood 
B)  adolescence 
C)  emerging adulthood 
D)  late adulthood

Question 8

List and describe the major milestones in infant motor development and specify the typical age range for acquiring a particular motor skill during infancy.

Accepted Answer

Infant motor development is a process th

Question 9

The three basic parenting styles psychologist Diana Baumrind described are:

Accepted Answer

A)  authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive. 
B)  permissive-indulgent, authoritative, and ambivalent. 
C)  authoritarian, inductive, and permissive. 
D)  ambivalent, authoritarian, and permissive. 
A)  authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive. 
B)  permissive-indulgent, authoritative, and ambivalent. 
C)  authoritarian, inductive, and permissive. 
D)  ambivalent, authoritarian, and permissive.

Question 10

What factors can influence social development in late adulthood?

Accepted Answer

There are several factors that can influ

Question 11

Gayle is very inconsistent in the care she gives her new baby. Often, she neglects the baby's needs and is emotionally cold toward the infant. In terms of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the baby is likely to develop:

Accepted Answer

A)  guilt. 
B)  mistrust. 
C)  inferiority. 
D)  role confusion. 
A)  guilt. 
B)  mistrust. 
C)  inferiority. 
D)  role confusion.

Question 12

Rachel describes herself in this way: "I go to Emerson school and I like to play with my friend Heather. I have a dog and two parakeets." Sarah describes herself in this way: "I am not very self-confident, but I believe that I am a unique person who was put on this earth for some reason. My goals include becoming a better person, helping others, and possibly running for political office someday." From their descriptions of themselves, what age would you predict each to be?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rachel and Sarah are probably both adolescents. 
B)  Rachel is an adolescent, and Sarah is in middle childhood. 
C)  Rachel and Sarah are both children. 
D)  Rachel is in middle childhood, while Sarah is an adolescent. 
A)  Rachel and Sarah are probably both adolescents. 
B)  Rachel is an adolescent, and Sarah is in middle childhood. 
C)  Rachel and Sarah are both children. 
D)  Rachel is in middle childhood, while Sarah is an adolescent.

Question 13

Some genes will only be activated if environmental factors trigger them.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT recommended as an effective way for parents to foster psychological health in their children?

Accepted Answer

A)  combine parental control with affection, responsiveness to the child's needs, and flexibility 
B)  consider the child's temperament, age, and stage of cognitive development in setting reasonable expectations for the child's behavior 
C)  expect even very young children to think and behave like miniature adults 
D)  listen to the child and provide plenty of warmth and affection 
A)  combine parental control with affection, responsiveness to the child's needs, and flexibility 
B)  consider the child's temperament, age, and stage of cognitive development in setting reasonable expectations for the child's behavior 
C)  expect even very young children to think and behave like miniature adults 
D)  listen to the child and provide plenty of warmth and affection

Question 15

Young Tommy can roll over and grasp his rattle, but is not yet able to sit up without support. In terms of physical development, if he is like most normal infants, then he is approximately:

Accepted Answer

A)  11.5 months old. 
B)  14 months old. 
C)  6 months old. 
D)  4 months old. 
A)  11.5 months old. 
B)  14 months old. 
C)  6 months old. 
D)  4 months old.

Question 16

In his research, Dr. Maxwell investigates how gene activity is regulated within a cell, what signals switch genes on or off, and, in particular, what determines whether a given cell will become a skin cell, a nerve cell, or a heart muscle cell. His area of research is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic mutation research. 
B)  zygotic research. 
C)  epigenetics. 
D)  the human genome project. 
A)  genetic mutation research. 
B)  zygotic research. 
C)  epigenetics. 
D)  the human genome project.

Question 17

After age 60, a _____ percentage of adults experience _____ declines in general intellectual abilities.

Accepted Answer

A)  large; sharp 
B)  small; sharp 
C)  large; slight 
D)  small; slight 
A)  large; sharp 
B)  small; sharp 
C)  large; slight 
D)  small; slight

Question 18

According to the In Focus box "Hooking Up on Campus," both men and women report that hooking up is a more positive than negative experience.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Janelle is 47 years old. Her doctor tells her that she has entered menopause. Janelle is:

Accepted Answer

A)  entering menopause abnormally early. 
B)  entering menopause abnormally late. 
C)  within the normal range for menopause to occur. 
D)  likely to experience significant cognitive declines during the next decade of her life. 
A)  entering menopause abnormally early. 
B)  entering menopause abnormally late. 
C)  within the normal range for menopause to occur. 
D)  likely to experience significant cognitive declines during the next decade of her life.

Question 20

Of the following senses, which is LEAST developed at birth?

Accepted Answer

A)  vision 
B)  smell 
C)  touch 
D)  hearing 
A)  vision 
B)  smell 
C)  touch 
D)  hearing

The theory that gender roles are acquired through the basic processes of learning, including reinforcement, punishment, and modeling, is called:

Kohlberg and his colleagues eventually dropped stage 6 from his theory of moral reasoning because:

When parents are consistently warm and responsive to their infant, the infant is likely to develop a(n) _ attachment to the parents; when parents neglect the infant, are inconsistent, or insensitive to the infant's needs, the infant is likely to develop a(n) _ attachment to the parents.

According to attachment theory:

Overall, researchers have found that the _____ style of parenting is associated with children who are well-adjusted, competent, receive higher grades, and are less likely than their peers to get into trouble.

Which stage of lifespan development is not universal and only exists in industrialized or postindustrial countries?

List and describe the major milestones in infant motor development and specify the typical age range for acquiring a particular motor skill during infancy.

The three basic parenting styles psychologist Diana Baumrind described are:

What factors can influence social development in late adulthood?

Gayle is very inconsistent in the care she gives her new baby. Often, she neglects the baby's needs and is emotionally cold toward the infant. In terms of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the baby is likely to develop:

Some genes will only be activated if environmental factors trigger them.

Which of the following is NOT recommended as an effective way for parents to foster psychological health in their children?

Young Tommy can roll over and grasp his rattle, but is not yet able to sit up without support. In terms of physical development, if he is like most normal infants, then he is approximately:

In his research, Dr. Maxwell investigates how gene activity is regulated within a cell, what signals switch genes on or off, and, in particular, what determines whether a given cell will become a skin cell, a nerve cell, or a heart muscle cell. His area of research is called:

After age 60, a _ percentage of adults experience _ declines in general intellectual abilities.

According to the In Focus box "Hooking Up on Campus," both men and women report that hooking up is a more positive than negative experience.

Janelle is 47 years old. Her doctor tells her that she has entered menopause. Janelle is:

Of the following senses, which is LEAST developed at birth?

Introduction and Research Methods

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness and Its Variations

Learning

Memory

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Personality

Social Psychology

Stress, Health, and Coping

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Filters

Exam 9: Lifespan Development

The theory that gender roles are acquired through the basic processes of learning, including reinforcement, punishment, and modeling, is called:

Kohlberg and his colleagues eventually dropped stage 6 from his theory of moral reasoning because:

When parents are consistently warm and responsive to their infant, the infant is likely to develop a(n) _____ attachment to the parents; when parents neglect the infant, are inconsistent, or insensitive to the infant's needs, the infant is likely to develop a(n) _____ attachment to the parents.

According to attachment theory:

Overall, researchers have found that the _____ style of parenting is associated with children who are well-adjusted, competent, receive higher grades, and are less likely than their peers to get into trouble.

Which stage of lifespan development is not universal and only exists in industrialized or postindustrial countries?

List and describe the major milestones in infant motor development and specify the typical age range for acquiring a particular motor skill during infancy.

The three basic parenting styles psychologist Diana Baumrind described are:

What factors can influence social development in late adulthood?

Gayle is very inconsistent in the care she gives her new baby. Often, she neglects the baby's needs and is emotionally cold toward the infant. In terms of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the baby is likely to develop:

Some genes will only be activated if environmental factors trigger them.

Which of the following is NOT recommended as an effective way for parents to foster psychological health in their children?

Young Tommy can roll over and grasp his rattle, but is not yet able to sit up without support. In terms of physical development, if he is like most normal infants, then he is approximately:

In his research, Dr. Maxwell investigates how gene activity is regulated within a cell, what signals switch genes on or off, and, in particular, what determines whether a given cell will become a skin cell, a nerve cell, or a heart muscle cell. His area of research is called:

After age 60, a _____ percentage of adults experience _____ declines in general intellectual abilities.

According to the In Focus box "Hooking Up on Campus," both men and women report that hooking up is a more positive than negative experience.

Janelle is 47 years old. Her doctor tells her that she has entered menopause. Janelle is:

Of the following senses, which is LEAST developed at birth?

Introduction and Research Methods

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness and Its Variations

Learning

Memory

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Personality

Social Psychology

Stress, Health, and Coping

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Filters

When parents are consistently warm and responsive to their infant, the infant is likely to develop a(n) _ attachment to the parents; when parents neglect the infant, are inconsistent, or insensitive to the infant's needs, the infant is likely to develop a(n) _ attachment to the parents.

After age 60, a _ percentage of adults experience _ declines in general intellectual abilities.