Question 1

When would you use the Kruskal-Wallis test?

Accepted Answer

A)  When data are normally distributed 
B)  When data are not normally distributed 
C)  When assumptions have not been violated 
D)  None of the above 
A)  When data are normally distributed 
B)  When data are not normally distributed 
C)  When assumptions have not been violated 
D)  None of the above B

Question 2

A Bonferroni correction is when

Accepted Answer

A)  You apply a criterion for significance based on the usual criterion for significance (.05) divided by the number of tests performed. 
B)  You divide the F-ratio by the number of tests performed. 
C)  The degrees of freedom are corrected to make the F-ratio less significant. 
D)  The error in the model is adjusted for the number of tests performed. 
A)  You apply a criterion for significance based on the usual criterion for significance (.05) divided by the number of tests performed. 
B)  You divide the F-ratio by the number of tests performed. 
C)  The degrees of freedom are corrected to make the F-ratio less significant. 
D)  The error in the model is adjusted for the number of tests performed. A

Question 3

In a study of the influence of yogurt consumption and immunity (Van de Water, Keen, & Gershwin, Journal of Nutrition, 1999) there were three study groups per age group (young adults and senior adults). Live-culture yogurt, pasteurized yogurt and control (no yogurt) were given to each age group in portion sizes of 200 grams per day for 1 year. Under what conditions would ANOVA be violated?

Accepted Answer

A)  When sample sizes are large 
B)  When sample sizes are unequal 
C)  When sample sizes are small 
D)  When there are different samples that have small variances 
A)  When sample sizes are large 
B)  When sample sizes are unequal 
C)  When sample sizes are small 
D)  When there are different samples that have small variances B

Question 4

Post hoc tests were run using the data below. Based on the output for these tests, what should the researcher conclude?

Accepted Answer

A)  The treatment group was significantly different from the post-treatment and control groups, and the post-treatment group was significantly different from the control group. 
B)  The treatment group was significantly different from the control group but not the post-treatment group, and the post-treatment group was not significantly different from the control group. 
C)  The treatment group was significantly different from the control group but not the post-treatment group, and the post-treatment group was significantly different from the control group. 
D)  The post hoc tests are inconclusive. 
A)  The treatment group was significantly different from the post-treatment and control groups, and the post-treatment group was significantly different from the control group. 
B)  The treatment group was significantly different from the control group but not the post-treatment group, and the post-treatment group was not significantly different from the control group. 
C)  The treatment group was significantly different from the control group but not the post-treatment group, and the post-treatment group was significantly different from the control group. 
D)  The post hoc tests are inconclusive.

Question 5

In a simple analysis of variance problem, which of the following is an estimate of the variance of individual measurements (after the various effects have been accounted for)?

Accepted Answer

A)  MS(between) 
B)  MS(within) 
C)  MS(total) 
D)  None of the above 
A)  MS(between) 
B)  MS(within) 
C)  MS(total) 
D)  None of the above

Question 6

What is the definition of 'mean square''?

Accepted Answer

A)  A sum of squares divided by its degrees of freedom 
B)  The square root of the mean 
C)  The square of the mean 
D)  A table of means with four cells 
A)  A sum of squares divided by its degrees of freedom 
B)  The square root of the mean 
C)  The square of the mean 
D)  A table of means with four cells

Question 7

Which of the following is not considered a standard contrast in the SPSS environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Orthogonal 
B)  Non-orthogonal 
C)  Polygonal 
D)  Polynomial 
A)  Orthogonal 
B)  Non-orthogonal 
C)  Polygonal 
D)  Polynomial

Question 8

A psychologist was looking at the effects of an intervention on depression levels. Three groups were used: waiting list control, treatment and post treatment (a group who had had the treatment 6 months before). The change in depression levels over the time of the treatment was recorded (although bear in mind that only the treatment group actually got any treatment during this time). The SPSS output is below. Based on this output, what should the researcher conclude?

Accepted Answer

A)  The treatment groups did not have a significant effect on the change in depression levels, F(2, 26.44) = 4.35. 
B)  The treatment groups had a significant effect on the change in depression levels, F(2, 35.10) = 5.11. 
C)  The treatment groups had a significant effect on the change in depression levels, F(2, 45) = 5.11. 
D)  The treatment groups did not have a significant effect on the change in depression levels, F(2, 45) = 5.11. 
A)  The treatment groups did not have a significant effect on the change in depression levels, F(2, 26.44) = 4.35. 
B)  The treatment groups had a significant effect on the change in depression levels, F(2, 35.10) = 5.11. 
C)  The treatment groups had a significant effect on the change in depression levels, F(2, 45) = 5.11. 
D)  The treatment groups did not have a significant effect on the change in depression levels, F(2, 45) = 5.11.

Question 9

What does the term 'familywise error rate' mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  The probability of a Type II error occurring 
B)  The error rate across statistical tests conducted on different experimental data 
C)  The error rate across statistical tests conducted on the same experimental data 
D)  a and c 
A)  The probability of a Type II error occurring 
B)  The error rate across statistical tests conducted on different experimental data 
C)  The error rate across statistical tests conducted on the same experimental data 
D)  a and c

Question 10

What kind of trend does the following graph show?

Accepted Answer

A)  Linear. 
B)  Quadratic. 
C)  Cubic. 
D)  Quartic. 
A)  Linear. 
B)  Quadratic. 
C)  Cubic. 
D)  Quartic.

Question 11

Levene's test tests whether

Accepted Answer

A)  Data are normally distributed. 
B)  The variances in different groups are equal. 
C)  The assumption of sphericity has been met. 
D)  Group means differ. 
A)  Data are normally distributed. 
B)  The variances in different groups are equal. 
C)  The assumption of sphericity has been met. 
D)  Group means differ.

Question 12

Under what conditions would planned comparisons be used?

Accepted Answer

A)  When specific hypotheses have been generated prior to the start of the experiment 
B)  When specific hypotheses have not been generated prior to the start of the experiment 
C)  When homogeneity of variance is violated 
D)  When homogeneity of variance > .05 
A)  When specific hypotheses have been generated prior to the start of the experiment 
B)  When specific hypotheses have not been generated prior to the start of the experiment 
C)  When homogeneity of variance is violated 
D)  When homogeneity of variance > .05

Question 13

In an experiment to determine the effects of low-dose analgesia versus high-dose analgesia in arthritis sufferers, the following findings are reported: 'there was a significant effect of medication A (low-dose analgesia) on pain control F(2, 18) = 8.14, p < .05, ω = .72'. What does this tell you about the result?

Accepted Answer

A)  That the probability of a patient suffering pain with low-dose analgesia (medication 
A)  is high 
B)  That the probability of a patient suffering pain with low-dose analgesia (medication 
A)  is low 
C)  That low-dose analgesia (of type medication 
A)  is unsuitable in controlling the pain for sufferers of arthritis 
D)  That low-dose analgesia (of type medication 
A)  is highly suitable in controlling the pain for sufferers of arthritis 
A)  That the probability of a patient suffering pain with low-dose analgesia (medication 
A)  is high 
B)  That the probability of a patient suffering pain with low-dose analgesia (medication 
A)  is low 
C)  That low-dose analgesia (of type medication 
A)  is unsuitable in controlling the pain for sufferers of arthritis 
D)  That low-dose analgesia (of type medication 
A)  is highly suitable in controlling the pain for sufferers of arthritis

Question 14

A researcher wanted to see the effects of different learning strategies. A control group simply read the book Discovering Statistics (book), a second group read the book and completed the 'end of chapter exercises' (book and exercises), and a third group read the book, did the end of chapter examples and also completed the web materials (all activities). The researcher predicted that the all activities and book and exercises groups would perform better than the book group on a subsequent test, but that the book and exercises group would do worse than the all activities group. Which coding scheme would test these hypotheses in a set of planned comparisons?

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)   
C)   
D)   
A)   
B)   
C)   
D)

Question 15

Based on the ANOVA table below, calculate the value of F.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.74 
B)  16.62. 
C)  4.71. 
D)  2.71. 
A)  0.74 
B)  16.62. 
C)  4.71. 
D)  2.71.

Question 16

The total variation in response, assuming no bias, is due to error (unexplained variation) plus differences due to treatments (known variation). If known variation is large compared to unknown variation, which of the following conclusions can be drawn?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is no difference in response due to treatments. 
B)  There is a difference in response due to treatments. 
C)  The treatments are not comparable. 
D)  The cause of the response is due to something other than treatments. 
A)  There is no difference in response due to treatments. 
B)  There is a difference in response due to treatments. 
C)  The treatments are not comparable. 
D)  The cause of the response is due to something other than treatments.

Question 17

When variances across groups are unequal, which of the following is not an appropriate course of action?

Accepted Answer

A)  Use Welch's F-ratio. 
B)  Use Games-Howell post hoc tests. 
C)  Transform the data. 
D)  Use Friedman's ANOVA. 
A)  Use Welch's F-ratio. 
B)  Use Games-Howell post hoc tests. 
C)  Transform the data. 
D)  Use Friedman's ANOVA.

Question 18

An experiment was conducted as a one-way factorial design with K sample means, each based on n scores. What is the number of degrees of freedom for the between mean squares?

Accepted Answer

A)  n - 1 
B)  K - 1 
C)  n - K 
D)  (n - 1)(K - 1) 
A)  n - 1 
B)  K - 1 
C)  n - K 
D)  (n - 1)(K - 1)

Question 19

In the table below, what is the likely interpretation? Analysis of Variance

Accepted Answer

A)  The alternative hypothesis is rejected. 
B)  The null hypothesis is rejected. 
C)  Not enough information. 
D)  The null hypothesis is accepted. 
A)  The alternative hypothesis is rejected. 
B)  The null hypothesis is rejected. 
C)  Not enough information. 
D)  The null hypothesis is accepted.

Question 20

Consider the table below. If all samples sizes are equal then the study used___? Analysis of Variance

Accepted Answer

A)  4 samples of size 10 
B)  5 samples of size 10 
C)  4 samples of size 9. 
D)  5 samples of size 9 
A)  4 samples of size 10 
B)  5 samples of size 10 
C)  4 samples of size 9. 
D)  5 samples of size 9

When would you use the Kruskal-Wallis test?

A Bonferroni correction is when

Post hoc tests were run using the data below. Based on the output for these tests, what should the researcher conclude?

In a simple analysis of variance problem, which of the following is an estimate of the variance of individual measurements (after the various effects have been accounted for)?

What is the definition of 'mean square''?

Which of the following is not considered a standard contrast in the SPSS environment?

What does the term 'familywise error rate' mean?

What kind of trend does the following graph show?

Levene's test tests whether

Under what conditions would planned comparisons be used?

Based on the ANOVA table below, calculate the value of F.

The total variation in response, assuming no bias, is due to error (unexplained variation) plus differences due to treatments (known variation). If known variation is large compared to unknown variation, which of the following conclusions can be drawn?

When variances across groups are unequal, which of the following is not an appropriate course of action?

An experiment was conducted as a one-way factorial design with K sample means, each based on n scores. What is the number of degrees of freedom for the between mean squares?

In the table below, what is the likely interpretation? Analysis of Variance

Consider the table below. If all samples sizes are equal then the study used___? Analysis of Variance

Why Is My Evil Lecturer Forcing Me to Learn Statistics

The Spine of Statistics

The Phoenix of Statistics

The Ibm Spss Statistics Environment

Exploring Data With Graphs

The Beast of Bias

Non-Parametric Models

Correlation

The Linear Model Regression

Comparing Two Means

Moderation, Mediation and Multicategory Predictors

Glm 2: Comparing Means Adjusted for Other Predictors Analysis of Covariance

Glm 3: Factorial Designs

Glm 4: Repeated-Measures Designs

Glm 5: Mixed Designs

Multivariate Analysis of Variance Manova

Exploratory Factor Analysis

Categorical Outcomes: Chi-Square and Loglinear Analysis

Categorical Outcomes: Logistic Regression

Multilevel Linear Models

Filters

Exam 12: Glm 1: Comparing Several Independent Means

When would you use the Kruskal-Wallis test?

A Bonferroni correction is when

Post hoc tests were run using the data below. Based on the output for these tests, what should the researcher conclude?

In a simple analysis of variance problem, which of the following is an estimate of the variance of individual measurements (after the various effects have been accounted for)?

What is the definition of 'mean square''?

Which of the following is not considered a standard contrast in the SPSS environment?

What does the term 'familywise error rate' mean?

What kind of trend does the following graph show?

Levene's test tests whether

Under what conditions would planned comparisons be used?

Based on the ANOVA table below, calculate the value of F.

The total variation in response, assuming no bias, is due to error (unexplained variation) plus differences due to treatments (known variation). If known variation is large compared to unknown variation, which of the following conclusions can be drawn?

When variances across groups are unequal, which of the following is not an appropriate course of action?

An experiment was conducted as a one-way factorial design with K sample means, each based on n scores. What is the number of degrees of freedom for the between mean squares?

In the table below, what is the likely interpretation? Analysis of Variance

Consider the table below. If all samples sizes are equal then the study used___? Analysis of Variance

Why Is My Evil Lecturer Forcing Me to Learn Statistics

The Spine of Statistics

The Phoenix of Statistics

The Ibm Spss Statistics Environment

Exploring Data With Graphs

The Beast of Bias

Non-Parametric Models

Correlation

The Linear Model Regression

Comparing Two Means

Moderation, Mediation and Multicategory Predictors

Glm 2: Comparing Means Adjusted for Other Predictors Analysis of Covariance

Glm 3: Factorial Designs

Glm 4: Repeated-Measures Designs

Glm 5: Mixed Designs

Multivariate Analysis of Variance Manova

Exploratory Factor Analysis

Categorical Outcomes: Chi-Square and Loglinear Analysis

Categorical Outcomes: Logistic Regression

Multilevel Linear Models

Filters