Question 1

Based on the training example, which of the following would be considered the second highest-order predictor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Training × attitude 
B)  Training 
C)  Attitude 
D)  Performance 
A)  Training × attitude 
B)  Training 
C)  Attitude 
D)  Performance B

Question 2

Assuming you were researching a positive attitude effect, how would you interpret the following result based on the relationship between training and performance? b = 0.511, 95% CI [0.191, 0.595], t = 3.98, p < .001

Accepted Answer

A)  When the athlete's attitude is positive there is a positively significant relationship between training and sports performance. 
B)  When the athlete's attitude is positive there is a positively non-significant relationship between training and sports performance. 
C)  When the athlete's attitude is positive there is a negatively significant relationship between training and sports performance. 
D)  When the athlete's attitude is positive there is a negatively non-significant relationship between training and sports performance. 
A)  When the athlete's attitude is positive there is a positively significant relationship between training and sports performance. 
B)  When the athlete's attitude is positive there is a positively non-significant relationship between training and sports performance. 
C)  When the athlete's attitude is positive there is a negatively significant relationship between training and sports performance. 
D)  When the athlete's attitude is positive there is a negatively non-significant relationship between training and sports performance. A

Question 3

Which of the following statements best describes moderation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The combined effect of two variables on another 
B)  The effect of a moderator variable on a predictor variable 
C)  The effect of an outcome variable on a moderator variable 
D)  The effect of a single variable on that of two others 
A)  The combined effect of two variables on another 
B)  The effect of a moderator variable on a predictor variable 
C)  The effect of an outcome variable on a moderator variable 
D)  The effect of a single variable on that of two others A

Question 4

In using the example of training (predictor) and attitude (moderator) and the effect on sports performance (outcome variable), how would you determine whether moderation had occurred?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hours training and attitude significantly predicted sports performance. 
B)  Hours training and attitude did not significantly predict sports performance. 
C)  Hours training significantly predicted sports performance. 
D)  Attitude significantly predicted sports performance. 
A)  Hours training and attitude significantly predicted sports performance. 
B)  Hours training and attitude did not significantly predict sports performance. 
C)  Hours training significantly predicted sports performance. 
D)  Attitude significantly predicted sports performance.

Question 5

Moderation is assessed using which statistical procedure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Regression 
B)  Correlation 
C)  Discriminant analysis 
D)  Multilevel analysis 
A)  Regression 
B)  Correlation 
C)  Discriminant analysis 
D)  Multilevel analysis

Question 6

What does the term 'centring' refer to?

Accepted Answer

A)  The process of transforming a variable into deviations around a fixed point 
B)  The process of transforming a variable into whole numbers around a varied point 
C)  The process of transforming a variable into deviations around a variable point 
D)  The process of transforming a variable into whole numbers around a fixed point 
A)  The process of transforming a variable into deviations around a fixed point 
B)  The process of transforming a variable into whole numbers around a varied point 
C)  The process of transforming a variable into deviations around a variable point 
D)  The process of transforming a variable into whole numbers around a fixed point

Question 7

If you wanted to find out if mediation had taken place in the above example, what would need to be calculated? (You may select more than one option.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Size of the indirect effect 
B)  Confidence interval 
C)  Standard error of the mean 
D)  Size of the direct effect 
A)  Size of the indirect effect 
B)  Confidence interval 
C)  Standard error of the mean 
D)  Size of the direct effect

Question 8

Assume you wanted to investigate the length of time a team had played together (predictor variable) and the effect it had on the team's cohesion (outcome variable) with personality being the mediator variable. Which of the following best describes the direct relationship in this example?

Accepted Answer

A)  Relationship between the length of time the team has been together and team cohesion 
B)  Relationship between the length of time the team has been together and team cohesion through personality 
C)  Relationship between the length of time the team has been together and personality 
D)  Relationship between personality and team cohesion 
A)  Relationship between the length of time the team has been together and team cohesion 
B)  Relationship between the length of time the team has been together and team cohesion through personality 
C)  Relationship between the length of time the team has been together and personality 
D)  Relationship between personality and team cohesion

Question 9

If you were investigating the moderator effect of attitude (i.e. positive or negative) and the relationship between hours training and performance, which of the following levels would be necessary to evaluate the interaction effects?

Accepted Answer

A)  Low attitude scores 
B)  Average attitude scores 
C)  High attitude scores 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Low attitude scores 
B)  Average attitude scores 
C)  High attitude scores 
D)  All of the above

Question 10

How are the interaction scores calculated between the two variables (i.e. predictor and moderator)?

Accepted Answer

A)  The scores of the two variables are multiplied together. 
B)  The scores of the two variables are divided by each other. 
C)  The scores of the two variables are added together. 
D)  The scores of the two variables are subtracted from each other. 
A)  The scores of the two variables are multiplied together. 
B)  The scores of the two variables are divided by each other. 
C)  The scores of the two variables are added together. 
D)  The scores of the two variables are subtracted from each other.

Question 11

If you were researching the effect of hours training and attitude on the performance of a specific skill (e.g. goals scored) how many possible predictors would exist in attempting to determine the relationship between the predictor variable (hours of training), moderator variable (attitude) and the outcome variable (performance)?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4

Question 12

If c′ decreases in magnitude, what would this suggest?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mediation has occurred and the relationship has become weaker between the predictor and outcome variable. 
B)  Mediation has not occurred but the relationship has become weaker between the predictor and outcome variable. 
C)  Mediation has occurred and the relationship has become stronger between the predictor and outcome variable. 
D)  Mediation has not occurred but the relationship has become stronger between the predictor and outcome variable. 
A)  Mediation has occurred and the relationship has become weaker between the predictor and outcome variable. 
B)  Mediation has not occurred but the relationship has become weaker between the predictor and outcome variable. 
C)  Mediation has occurred and the relationship has become stronger between the predictor and outcome variable. 
D)  Mediation has not occurred but the relationship has become stronger between the predictor and outcome variable.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the indirect relationship in this example?

Accepted Answer

A)  Relationship between the length of time the team has been together and team cohesion 
B)  Relationship between the length of time the team has been together and team cohesion through personality 
C)  Relationship between the length of time the team has been together and personality 
D)  Relationship between personality and team cohesion 
A)  Relationship between the length of time the team has been together and team cohesion 
B)  Relationship between the length of time the team has been together and team cohesion through personality 
C)  Relationship between the length of time the team has been together and personality 
D)  Relationship between personality and team cohesion

Question 14

What is the statistical term for moderation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Interaction effect 
B)  Between-group effect 
C)  Within-group effect 
D)  Repeated group effect 
A)  Interaction effect 
B)  Between-group effect 
C)  Within-group effect 
D)  Repeated group effect

Question 15

In relation to the concept of moderation, which of the following best describes how an outcome variable is affected?

Accepted Answer

A)  The interplay between a predictor and a moderator variable 
B)  The interplay between two or more dependent variables 
C)  The effect of a single predictor variable on a moderator variable 
D)  The effect of a single moderator variable on an outcome variable 
A)  The interplay between a predictor and a moderator variable 
B)  The interplay between two or more dependent variables 
C)  The effect of a single predictor variable on a moderator variable 
D)  The effect of a single moderator variable on an outcome variable

Question 16

Based on the training example, how would the equation be expressed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Performance = (Intercept +b1training + b2attitude + b3interaction) + error 
B)  Performance = (Intercept - b1training - b2attitude - b3interaction - b4interaction) + error 
C)  Performance = (Intercept × b1training × b2attitude × b3interaction × b4interaction) + error 
D)  Performance = (Intercept + b1training × b2attitude × b3interaction) - error 
A)  Performance = (Intercept +b1training + b2attitude + b3interaction) + error 
B)  Performance = (Intercept - b1training - b2attitude - b3interaction - b4interaction) + error 
C)  Performance = (Intercept × b1training × b2attitude × b3interaction × b4interaction) + error 
D)  Performance = (Intercept + b1training × b2attitude × b3interaction) - error

Question 17

If the following diagram illustrates mediation, what does the arrow marked as c′ represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  The relationship between the predictor variable and the outcome variable following the introduction of the mediator variable 
B)  The relationship between the predictor variable and the outcome variable before the introduction of the mediator variable. 
C)  The difference between the predictor variable and the outcome variable following the introduction of the mediator variable, 
D)  The difference between the predictor variable and the outcome variable following the introduction of the mediator variable.. 
A)  The relationship between the predictor variable and the outcome variable following the introduction of the mediator variable 
B)  The relationship between the predictor variable and the outcome variable before the introduction of the mediator variable. 
C)  The difference between the predictor variable and the outcome variable following the introduction of the mediator variable, 
D)  The difference between the predictor variable and the outcome variable following the introduction of the mediator variable..

Question 18

Based on the training example, which of the following would be considered the highest-order predictor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Training × attitude 
B)  Training 
C)  Attitude 
D)  Performance 
A)  Training × attitude 
B)  Training 
C)  Attitude 
D)  Performance

Question 19

Which of the following definitions best describes mediation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The relationship between a predictor variable and an outcome variable can be explained by a third variable. 
B)  The combined effect of two variables on another. 
C)  The ability to predict an outcome variable from two predictor variables. 
D)  The unexplained variance after the effect of two predictor variables has been examined 
A)  The relationship between a predictor variable and an outcome variable can be explained by a third variable. 
B)  The combined effect of two variables on another. 
C)  The ability to predict an outcome variable from two predictor variables. 
D)  The unexplained variance after the effect of two predictor variables has been examined

Question 20

If mediation has taken place between the predictor and the outcome variable, what is likely to happen to the relationship?

Accepted Answer

A)  The strength of the relationship will have decreased. 
B)  The strength of the relationship will have increased. 
C)  The strength of the relationship may increase or decrease. 
D)  The strength of the relationship should remain constant. 
A)  The strength of the relationship will have decreased. 
B)  The strength of the relationship will have increased. 
C)  The strength of the relationship may increase or decrease. 
D)  The strength of the relationship should remain constant.

Based on the training example, which of the following would be considered the second highest-order predictor?

Assuming you were researching a positive attitude effect, how would you interpret the following result based on the relationship between training and performance? b = 0.511, 95% CI [0.191, 0.595], t = 3.98, p < .001

Which of the following statements best describes moderation?

In using the example of training (predictor) and attitude (moderator) and the effect on sports performance (outcome variable), how would you determine whether moderation had occurred?

Moderation is assessed using which statistical procedure?

What does the term 'centring' refer to?

If you wanted to find out if mediation had taken place in the above example, what would need to be calculated? (You may select more than one option.)

Assume you wanted to investigate the length of time a team had played together (predictor variable) and the effect it had on the team's cohesion (outcome variable) with personality being the mediator variable. Which of the following best describes the direct relationship in this example?

If you were investigating the moderator effect of attitude (i.e. positive or negative) and the relationship between hours training and performance, which of the following levels would be necessary to evaluate the interaction effects?

How are the interaction scores calculated between the two variables (i.e. predictor and moderator)?

If c′ decreases in magnitude, what would this suggest?

Which of the following best describes the indirect relationship in this example?

What is the statistical term for moderation?

In relation to the concept of moderation, which of the following best describes how an outcome variable is affected?

Based on the training example, how would the equation be expressed?

If the following diagram illustrates mediation, what does the arrow marked as c′ represent?

Based on the training example, which of the following would be considered the highest-order predictor?

Which of the following definitions best describes mediation?

If mediation has taken place between the predictor and the outcome variable, what is likely to happen to the relationship?

Why Is My Evil Lecturer Forcing Me to Learn Statistics

The Spine of Statistics

The Phoenix of Statistics

The Ibm Spss Statistics Environment

Exploring Data With Graphs

The Beast of Bias

Non-Parametric Models

Correlation

The Linear Model Regression

Comparing Two Means

Glm 1: Comparing Several Independent Means

Glm 2: Comparing Means Adjusted for Other Predictors Analysis of Covariance

Glm 3: Factorial Designs

Glm 4: Repeated-Measures Designs

Glm 5: Mixed Designs

Multivariate Analysis of Variance Manova

Exploratory Factor Analysis

Categorical Outcomes: Chi-Square and Loglinear Analysis

Categorical Outcomes: Logistic Regression

Multilevel Linear Models

Filters

Exam 11: Moderation, Mediation and Multicategory Predictors

Based on the training example, which of the following would be considered the second highest-order predictor?

Assuming you were researching a positive attitude effect, how would you interpret the following result based on the relationship between training and performance? b = 0.511, 95% CI [0.191, 0.595], t = 3.98, p < .001

Which of the following statements best describes moderation?

In using the example of training (predictor) and attitude (moderator) and the effect on sports performance (outcome variable), how would you determine whether moderation had occurred?

Moderation is assessed using which statistical procedure?

What does the term 'centring' refer to?

If you wanted to find out if mediation had taken place in the above example, what would need to be calculated? (You may select more than one option.)

Assume you wanted to investigate the length of time a team had played together (predictor variable) and the effect it had on the team's cohesion (outcome variable) with personality being the mediator variable. Which of the following best describes the direct relationship in this example?

If you were investigating the moderator effect of attitude (i.e. positive or negative) and the relationship between hours training and performance, which of the following levels would be necessary to evaluate the interaction effects?

How are the interaction scores calculated between the two variables (i.e. predictor and moderator)?

If c′ decreases in magnitude, what would this suggest?

Which of the following best describes the indirect relationship in this example?

What is the statistical term for moderation?

In relation to the concept of moderation, which of the following best describes how an outcome variable is affected?

Based on the training example, how would the equation be expressed?

If the following diagram illustrates mediation, what does the arrow marked as c′ represent?

Based on the training example, which of the following would be considered the highest-order predictor?

Which of the following definitions best describes mediation?

If mediation has taken place between the predictor and the outcome variable, what is likely to happen to the relationship?

Why Is My Evil Lecturer Forcing Me to Learn Statistics

The Spine of Statistics

The Phoenix of Statistics

The Ibm Spss Statistics Environment

Exploring Data With Graphs

The Beast of Bias

Non-Parametric Models

Correlation

The Linear Model Regression

Comparing Two Means

Glm 1: Comparing Several Independent Means

Glm 2: Comparing Means Adjusted for Other Predictors Analysis of Covariance

Glm 3: Factorial Designs

Glm 4: Repeated-Measures Designs

Glm 5: Mixed Designs

Multivariate Analysis of Variance Manova

Exploratory Factor Analysis

Categorical Outcomes: Chi-Square and Loglinear Analysis

Categorical Outcomes: Logistic Regression

Multilevel Linear Models

Filters